pathways dec

8/2/2019 Pathways Dec

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Dear Readers,

Owing to the International Year Of Chemis-

try ,2011 , we are happy to present you the issue

focused on Chemistry.

Being the last month of the year, 2011, we take the

pride in bringing you an exclusive article on IYC

2011, and other features having it centre elementas chemistry.

As Chemical Engineers, it is our duty to know the

vitality of chemistry and look through and for it in

everyday life.

The new feature articles included this time are

sure to excite and we wish it kindles your curious

mind!

We thank you for your valuable feedbacks and as-

sure to include them for the betterment of the

magazine. We thank everyone for your support.

So, Lets celebrate chemistry!!

Editor

Sindhu Balu

Editorial Team

Chaparala Sree Vidya

Purnima Naresh Mangnani

Vikram Gowrishankar

Maya.P.S

Joint Editorial Team

Hemalatha.J

Nivethika Sundararajan

N.Vinisha

Mehdi Ali MirzaV.P.Venkateshwaran

Rohit Chanchal

Cover Design

Prasanna Venkatesh.K

-Sindhu Balu

Final Year

ChemE

EDITORIAL BOARD

2

Reach us here:

[email protected]

From the EDITOR


3/16

IN SIDE

Pg.4

< FEATURES >

Pg. 7

Pg. 9

Pg. 13

Pg. 10

Pg. 12

Pg. 14

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Chemistry !! Its a mystery. Its just ALWAYS hidden from yourplain sight.

Have you ever wondered about the importance of chemistry? Did

you know that chemistry is at the root of 96 percent of manufac-

tured products around the world?? Have you considered yourself

as a chemical product???

In a nutshell, chemistry is the science which explains the world

around you!!

Chemistry has changed the face of the world and its future. Its

power has not only enabled us to lead the life we lead today, but

also to help solve the world's challenges in energy, housing ,

health, food and nutrition. The year 2011 has been designated as

International Year of Chemistry (IYC) by the United Nations as aglobal collaboration to celebrate the past, present and future of

chemistry.

So, are you pondering over its importance? Here it goes.

Everything is made of chemicals. You are made of chemicals.

So is your dog. So is your desk. So is the sun. Drugs are

chemicals. Food is made from chemicals.

Many of the changes you observe in the world around you

are caused by chemical reactions. Examples include chang-

ing colors of leaves, cooking food and getting clean, even the

browning reaction which forms the outer crisp layer of yourKFC chicken.

Being aware of basic chemistry enables your daily decisions

effective.

Can I mix these household chemicals?

What are safe mosquito repellents?

Will my bottled water expire?

Thus chemistry is in everything and everywhere!! Though invisible,

its invincible!

- Sindhu Balu, Final Yr, ChemE

But Do we celebrate chemistry?

Though Chemistry is all around, do we see through it?

The answer would be in negative from most of us. We,

the Chemical engineer's whose fundamentals rely on

chemistry are mostly unaware of the chemistry beyond

text book. This year might help us spotlight its signifi-

cance in seeking solutions for the problems of all gen-

res.

Chemistry has paved the way for the world's develop-

ment. From the dynamite to penicillin, from the elec-

tricity to detergents, chemistry has been the spine.

As chemists unveiled the nature's secrets, a flood of

facts accumulated with stunning momentum.

Each answer was a new beginning, and each new mate-

rial was a initiator for new experiments.

And it was clear that last century was the most exciting

time to celebrate chemistry.

Enjoying Chemistry!!

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The objectives of the International Year of Chemistry are to:

increase the public appreciation and understanding of chemistry in meeting world needs

encourage interest of young people in chemistry

generate enthusiasm for the creative future of chemistry

celebrate the role of women in chemistry

(2011 marks the100th year of Marie Curie being awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry)

IYC 2011 initiatives:

To appreciate the vital resource of earth, Water and

look at it as, "Water: A Chemical Solution"

"Visualization of Climate Change" , to understand the

science phenomena behind it.

But why do we do it now?!

After much effort being spent in the last cen-

tury finding individual puzzle pieces, YOU and

ME can now revel in the process of fitting the

pieces together.

Not that everything's been figured out not

by a long shot.

The science of today beckons researchers to

think big, to integrate singular items into the

grander scheme for a sustainable solution.

as chemistry grows larger in scope and broader

in focus, some of the most promising tools

termed HOWS, WHATS, and WHERES are in the

need to reach a whole new level.

It's all very exciting, but the progress man-

dates still more work. Actually Much more

work!

The future asks us to answer these questions!!

Could we??!

How do the 6-foot long stretches of DNA

in every cell in our bodies know how to

keep our biochemical factories running

smoothly? How to make Electric vehicles not just a

plan for the future?

How to build a molecular reaction vessel?

How to create a sustainable and green

urban landscape?

How to invent the tools that will revolu-

tionize chemistry labs of the future?

And much more!!

There is a great deal of truth in a remark attributed to

George Bernard Shaw,

Science is always wrong. It never solves a problem without

creating ten more.

Thats the beauty of a career in science. For anyone with

creativity, intelligence, and persistence, science will never

fail to provide new and exciting challengesand lots of

fun!!

Thus, We're all chemists. Chemistry is important justbecause everything you do is chemistry! Chemical re-actions occur when you breathe, eat, or just sit therereading this article!

With so many questions to answer and to keep up the

pace with the fast expanding world, we are in need to un-

derstand the importance of chemistry and appreciate its

beauty.

As Chemical Engineers, we should take the responsibility of

harnessing our scientific temper towards the betterment of

human kind.

Theres whole lot of chemistry in everything and every-

where. Let this last month of IYC stir our curiosity to know

more and grow more!

So, Lets celebrate chemistry!!

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Chemistry, Matters!!

Polymers to the Rescue!

A polymer trap for nicotine has successfully been fabricated by researchers from

USA. Bearing molecular pincers, the polymer effectively captures nicotine mole-

cules and their analogues, and can also release them in a controlled way. The

compound will be used in reusable chemical sensors for determination of nico-

tine for industrial and biomedical purposes, as well as in patches for smokers to

evenly release nicotine into the body. The core of the polymer, nicotine trap,

which has been recently filed for a patent, is a metalloporphyrin derivative. The

molecule contains a ring (a macro cycle) with a centrally located zinc atom and

amide pincers attached to this ring. Nicotine binds to the polymer with its two

nitrogen atoms-one binds to the zinc atom, the other to the pincers.

Polymer nicotine trap

composed of a porphyrin

derivative(black), in

which amide pincers

(green) are attached to

the zinc(violet) contain-

ing macrocycle(blue). The

nicotine molecule is

shown in red.

A Plastic that Mimics!!

Thermoset plastics, such as Bakelite, are stable to solvents and extreme temperatures. But they must be polymerized in a

mold to give them a shape. And once theyve been polymerized, thermosets cant be reshaped or reprocessed, either with

heat or with solvent. Leiblers polymer has the stability of thermosets but behaves like glass: Simply heat the material and

shape it as desired. The key to the glassy behavior lies within the polymers molecular structure; it has an equal number ofester and alcohol groups. When the material is heated it transesterifies; that is, its ester cross-links transfer from one region

of the polymer to another with the help of an embedded zinc catalyst.

The researchers have been able to recycle the material so that it has the same properties as the original. Also, scratches and

small breaks in the plastic can be repaired by heating it.

comments

This shows the tremendous potential for reversible covalent chemistries to generate dynamic and reconfigurable polymers.

-Ram Kumar, 3rd year PRPC

Green house gas to feedstock?!

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysts promise to transform carbon dioxide, a green-

house gas that poses environmental concerns, into a desirable feedstock .Low levels of NHCs

spur the reaction of CO2 with hydrosilane. Hydrosilane provides hydrogen, which bonds with

CO2 in

a reduction reaction. This CO2 reduction is efficiently catalyzed by NHCs even at room tem-

perature. Methanol can be easily obtained from the product of the CO2 reaction.

-Saranya.N , 3rd year ChemE

The potential of Chemistry in shaping our future world is aptly depicted below.

-Sai Prashanthi Ramesh, 3rd year, ChemE


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Why this Kolaveri Di?!!

Slap!!Let it be your girlfriend hitting you or your mom hits you ( i.e. when you're young ), you've quite one reflex!!

Why is the immediate reflex always to press your palm against your

cheek even if you know the other person had stopped slapping? Why

do you feel the burning sensation when one slaps on your face? The

burning sensation is because of the temperature rise in the cheek

muscles and the reflex is to conduct the excess heat to your palm.

Viola! Thermodynamics!

Now, let us assume the girl/mom had precisely calculated beforehand to cause a particular DT on the guy's cheeks. What should have

been the velocity with which he should have exhibited such a

feat? Prof. Yunus A. Cengal helps us find out.

To make calculations easier, let us assume the guy suffered total impact of the slap

i.e.

The hand came to a standstill after the slap.

The guy didnt move his face a bit during the entire time of slap.

The guy didnt cover his face after being slapped. (Energy wasnt transferred to his palm)

So, our system of interest is the cheek along with the energy from the slap and the lady's hand has performed work on

our system.

Assume,

Mass of hand (mh)= 1.5kg

Mass of cheek (mc)= 0.200 kg

T = 2oC

Specific heat of cheek (c)= 4.1 kJ/KgK

First law of Thermodynamics tells us,

Q =DU + W

The change in internal energy (DU) is caused by the heat conduction in the cheek.

U= mc c DT = 0.2 x 4.1 x 2 = 1.64 kJ

-Aravind Chandrasekaran ( Batch 2007-2011)

Reliance Industries Limited

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The entire kinetic energy of the hand is transferred to the system and it contributes to

the work done on the system.

W= 0.5 x mh x (vf- vi)2

Vf=0

As the system is adiabatic, DQ = 0

Therefore,

W = - DU

So are you geared up now, to receive or gift a slap?!!

Visual puzzlesPredict the suitable word which depicts each picture given below. For all those good guessers, your next step awaits in

pg. 11

1 2

3 4

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5 6

A Penny saved: A dollar lost!! Trouble shooting at its at most

-Nivethika , 3rd year ChemE

Industries strive towards making maximum profit, but sometimes do

they overlook small things that could prove to be more expensive than

expected?

It could be anything ranging from faulty equipment, or wrong materials

supplied, or maybe even a mistake done by the controller or engineer.

Here is where troubleshooting comes into action, the best brains of

engineering is put to use to find out wherein the problem lies.

In todays world petroleum products have a huge demand with their

prices skyrocketing. A mistake in the refining of these products would

cause a major loss to the refinery. Despite the careful handling and

purifying of these products, mistakes are encountered.

One such example is a company is the U.S that faced a problem with its

crude distillation column.

In general, in a distillation column, the product coming out of differenttrays have different color, i.e. the lightest material that come out at the

top have a light yellow color, which goes on to be black at the bottom-

most tray containing residue or heaviest ends.

The problem here was that the middle trays were giving out products

darker than expected!

A consultant from outside was called to look into the problem. He real-

ized that the trays werent distilling properly as they should be, and the

feed of the middle trays were being contaminated by those of the lower

trays i.e. the heavier products werent able to move down to the lower

trays and let the lighter vapors come up. He asked them to lower the

feed rate to the column by half. Then the products met the required

specifications. But this was only a temporary solution to keep the plant

running as all other solutions had failed. 8 years later when the plantwas shutdown, he inspected the column and found out that few of the

trays in the middle column were 2 inches longer than specified, hence

they didnt allow the heavier ends to move down much resulting in con-

tamination of the middle product! This could have been avoided by

proper inspection before fitting the trays.

Thus the company produced only half of the product it usually would for 8 years! New trays must have cost around 100,000

dollars but the loss due to lower amount of products was roughly 2 million dollars per year!!!!! Could a renowned company like

that afford to lose so much over a something as small as a 2 inch mistake? 16,000,000 dollars lost over saving 100,000???

No wonder they say every part of building and running a plant must be carefully done with utmost seriousness Remember a

penny saved is a penny gained

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Who am I ?!-Vinisha, 2nd year, ChemE

From the icy slopes of Leh in the Himalayas to Kanyakum ari, and from the Single Buoy Mo or-ing at Salaya in the West to the Monasteries at Tawang in the East, Indian Oil lives in everyheart and in every part of India.Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (Indian Oil) is the largest commercial enterprise in India, ranked98th onth e Fortune Global 500 list for 2011. It is also the 18th largest petroleum company in the-world and the No. 1 petroleum trading company among the National Oil Companies in theAsia-Pacific regionIt is an Indian state owned oil and gas corporation with its headquarters in Mumbai, India. Indian Oil and its sub-

sidiaries account for a 47% share in the petroleum products market, 34% share in refining capacity and 67% down-

stream sector pipelines capacity in India.

How did they built up?

The Indian Oil Group of Companies owns and operates 10 of India's 21 refineries with a combined refining capacity

of 65.7 million metric tons per year. Indian Refineries Ltd. And Indian Oil Company Ltd. were set up in 1958 and

1959 respectively, to build national competence in the oil refining and marketing business. In 1964, these two com-

panies were merged to form Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

Indian Oil Corporation Limited

What do they do?

Indian Oil's product range covers petrol, diesel, LPG, auto

LPG, aviation turbine fuel, lubricants, naphtha, bitumen,

paraffin, kerosene etc. Xtra Premium petrol, Xtra Mile die-

sel, Servo lubricants, Indane LPG cooking gas, Autogas LPG,

Indian Oil Aviation are some of its prominent brands.

It has also introduced a new business line of supplying LNG

(liquefied natural gas) by cryogenic transportation. This is

called "LNG at Doorstep. Indian Oil Corporation has two

major domestic competitors, Bharat Petroleum and Hindu-

stan Petroleum. Both are state-controlled, like Indian Oil

Corporation.

There are two private competitors, Reliance Industries and

Essar Oil. The volatility in the crude market & subsidy bur-

den on the IOCL dents the company performance. Bureau-

cratic hurdles in projects are hurting company advance-

ment. IOCL has one of the best technical manpower for exe-

cution of jobs.

What do they specialize in ?

Indian Oils Research and Development Centre has been

engaged in world-class research in tribology (lubricants

lation), refinery processes and pipeline transportation. The Centre has developed over 2000 lubricant and grease

formulations, and obtained approvals of original equipment manufacturers in India and abroad. Indian Oil Corpora-

tion aims at maintaining its leadership in the Indian hydrocarbon industry by assimilation of emerging Information

Technology and web-enabled business solutions for integrating and optimizing the Corporations hydrocarbon sup-

ply chain. Indian Oil Corporation is focusing on total customer delight through value-added IT solutions, with em-

phasis on centralized control and decentralized response.ndian Oil has been lending its expertise to several coun-

tries in areas of refining, marketing, transportation, training and R&D.

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The IOCL academy:

Indian Oil is an academy company with 18 training centers. The

Indian Oil Institute of Petroleum Management (IIPM), Gurgaon,

serves as an apex training and consultancy institute and conducts

management development programmes in association with reputed

national and international institutes.

Indian Oil Management Centre for Learning ( IMCL) set up in Mum-

bai will facilitate in upgrading the functional knowledge and skills of

the employees and also impart behavioural training. As part of the

Corporate Mission to help enrich the quality of life of the commu-

nity and preserveecological balance and heritage, Indian Oil Corporation has set up

The Indian Oil Foundation as a non- profit Trust to protect, preserve

and promote our national heritage and culture, in collaboration

with the Archaeological Survey of India and the National Culture

The Indian Oil Foundation will adopt at least one heritage site in every State and Union Territory. Archaeological works will be

funded by the Indian Oil Foundation to the Archaeological Survey of India through the National Culture Fund.

Thus this is your Indian Oil which fuels your daily resources!!

Language Snacks!!- Ganesh Kumar, 3rd year PRPC

Here are the clues to find the answers and check whether your guessing was right!!

A WORD IS GIVEN WITH CERTAIN LETTER MISSING FOLLOWED BY ITS SYNONYM OR EXPLANATION OF THAT WORD. FILL IN THE

MISSING LETTERS AND COMPLETE THE WORDS.

1. A_ _ C _ L _ P _ E

(END OF THE WORLD)

2. P_E_ I_ _ T _ T_

(HAPPEN SUDDENLY; HASTE OCCURRENCE)

3. _ _ N _ I _ A _

(MAN EATERS)4.A _ A_ _ N

(STRONG WOMEN)

5.E_ _ N _ R _ _ E

(ABSOLVE; FREE OR CLEAR FROM BLAME)

6._ _ _ T _ C_A_Y

(GOVERNMENT BY WEALTHY)

For those who are still puzzled, please turn to pg.15!!!

Calvin and Hobbes -Purnima, Final Yr, ChemE

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The Curious Mind!!

Distillation column

Before we get into this lets have a small idea of what exactly distillation is!

Distillation is a unit operation which involves in separation of two or more components by addition and removal of

heat"

Distillation column is the equipment that facilitates this operation. The type of distillation that happens here is frac-

tional distillation. A construction of a distillation column is no easy task, it wouldnt be an exaggeration to say that

all of chemical engineering concepts that one comes across during his study is required to build one column.

-Vikram Gowri Shankar, Final Yr, PRPC

The process:

As said earlier a distillation column is used to separate components, the

difference in their vapour pressure is the driving force of the functionality

of this column.

Feed heated at very high temperatures (from 200 C, 300 C or even

higher sometimes ) is sent to the column. The feed already contains avapour liquid mixture. The vapour goes to the top of the column

whereas the liquid flows down.

Both the top and the bottom products are condensed and heated re-

spectively.

Condenser and reboiler are used to cool and heat the streams respec-

tively and provide reflux to the column.

They are done in order to reduce the difficulty of separation.

Inside the distillation column, one could either find trays or packing , or

even both are possible in a distillation column. It depends on the require-

ments.

Example

low pressure scenarios such as the vacuum distillation column, prefer-

ence is given to vacuum towers,

in atmospheric distillation unit, they use simple trays which can be clas-

sified into further types such as bubble cap,sieve trays,valve trays etc.

For packed column,the materials used mostly are raschig rings or structure

packed material.

Now,we know that what is inside the distillation column, now it is necessary

to know how the inside arrangement is made ,

for tray,the number of trays can be calculated by number of theoretical

plates and adjustments can be made accordingly. The procedure followed is

McCabe Thiele method or Fenske equation for binary mixtures, and formulticomponent mixture, simulation is employed.

When the size of the column is looked into, the top and bottom can use

either hemispherical or elliptical heads. The important tem here is the tan

tan length. The tan is the tangent point where the curvature of a formed

head starts. The seam is the point at which the head is welded to the

shell; it is common for there to be a 2 inch straight length beyond the tan

for this purpose. On further studying, you will learn that the depth in the

construction of column is difficult to get into as the challenges vary,

whether the holes of a sieve plate should be triangular or square, the

distance between the two packings, the veloc-

ity of the refluxes, total reflux, pump around

reflux, pump back reflux, overflash,

flaszone,EFV,TBP curves etc.

This articles sole purpose is to throw a light on

this equipment .Hope your curiosity is kindled

because of the vague descriptions above.

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The MATH effect!!Do not worry about your problems with mathematics, I as-

sure you mine are far greater.

Albert Einstein

We, the Mathematicians!! Indians are the ones who discovered zero!

It formed the pivotal point for the development of Math.

But today in INDIA , for the every second person I meet, says that they

hate math (i.e. at least 50%). Is it because of the complexity in the

modern math? Or is it portrayed that way? Hasn't love for math inter-

twined in our DNA?

The ancient system of mathematics in India (Vedic mathematics) gives

us a lot of easy methods to solve problems from multiplications and

division to calculus and algebra, which is being complicated by mod-

ern mathematics.

What is Vedic Mathematics?

Vedic Mathematics is the name given to the ancient system

of Indian Mathematics which was rediscovered from the

Vedas by Sri BharatiKrsna Tirthaji . Due to loss of his sixteen

volumes expounding the Vedic system, he wrote a single

book: Vedic Mathematics, which is the one currently avail-

able ( 1965).

Why Vedic Mathematics?

The nine features of Vedic mathematics are

Coherence,

Flexibility,

Mental stamina (improves memory),

Promotes creativity, Appeals to everyone,

Increases mental agility,

Efficient and Fast,

Easy and Fun,

Includes Algebra.

Here, the so called 'difficult' problems or huge sums can

easily be solved immediately by the Vedic method. The sim-

plicity of Vedic Mathematics means that calculations can be

carried out mentally

(though the methods can also be written down initially ). By

mental arithmetic people can invent their own methods,whose acumen is not limited to 'ONE' correct method as in

modern practices. Thereby you become more creative, in-

terested and intelligent !!

But the real beauty and effectiveness of Vedic Mathematics

cannot be fully appreciated without actually practicing the

system. One can then see that, it is perhaps the most re-

fined and efficient mathematical system possible.

Let' s see one sample method for multiplications from Vedic

mathematics:

An elegant way of multiplying numbers using a simple pat-

tern.

Consider,21 x 23 = 483

This is normally called long multiplication but actually the an-

swer can be written straight down using the

VERTICALLY AND CROSSWISE formula.

We first write or imagine, 23 below 21:

There are 3 steps:

a) Multiply vertically on the left: 2 x 2 = 4.

This gives the first figure of the answer.

b) Multiply crosswise and add: 2 x 3 + 1 x 2 = 8

This gives the middle figure.

c) Multiply vertically on the right: 1 x 3 = 3

This gives the last figure of the answer.

-Narayen Ravi, Final Yr, ChemE

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FACTS ON ZERO!!

The biggest turnaround in mathematics

history was the invention of the number

Zero and understanding its concept.

The concept of zero as a number and not as

a mere symbol for separation is attributed

to India ( Till 9th century AD, calculations

was solved using zero,like any other num-

ber,even in case of division). The Indian scholar Pingala used binary

numbers in the form of short and long sylla-

bles (the latter equal in length to two short

syllables), analogous to Morse code.

He and his contemporary Indian scholars

used the Sanskrit word nya (generally

means emptiness) to refer to zero or void.

Some more methods for conditional operations:

A quick way to square numbers that end in 5 using the formula

BY ONE MORE THAN THE ONE BEFORE.

Eg) Square of 75= 5625

Method for multiplying numbers where the first figures are

the same and the last figures add up to 10.

Eg)32 x 38 = 1216

So, these are some basic methods by which will give you the taste of Vedic math. The more you devour, the more you

yearn for it.

P.S. Dear math haters - I promise you that you will start to love mathematics once you start to learn the bite the fruits of

our ancient Indian mathematics.

RENEWABLE ENERGY RISING DEMAND

- Hemalatha, 3rd year ChemE

Renewable energy Energy that has the capacity to be regener-

ated (i.e.) virtually inexhaustible. This has also caught attention

because of its ECOFRIENDLY nature.

Why renewable energy???

If current fossil fuel consumption rates are maintained, they

would only be able to meet our energy needs for a few more

decades. In addition to this, we are forced to consider alterna-

tive energy source to preserve the planet and guarantee the well

being of future generations.

Renewable energy:

Solar, wind, wave and hydroelectric power are all forms of re-

newable energy. All of these have a common origin, besides the

fact that the Earth provides an unlimited supply of them and

they are environmentally harmless: they are all related to the

sun. Other renewable sources besides the foregoing are bio-mass, geothermal energy and tidal energy. These sources do not

directly depend on the sun.

The sun is directly responsible for solar energy (photovoltaic and

thermal).

The sun is also behind wind energy, since it causes the pressure differences that give rise to the winds and also wave energy.

The sun also contributes to the development of organic matter (biomass) and it is the main agent of the water cycles.

Among the above renewable, one of the upcoming renewable that is yet to see tremendous development is wind energy. On

usage of renewable energy, the country is being energy independent since it uses its own resource.

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Advantages of wind energy over others:

1. The wind blows day and night, which allows windmills to produce electricity throughout the day unlike solar power.

(Even when wind speed is slow inertia stored in motor is enough to rotate wind mill)

2. Requires less space for windmills as land used for wind farms can also be used for other profitable activities including

ranching, farming and forestry.

3. Wind speed increases during day as demand increases.

4. Installation charges is cheap next only to hydro power.

The Wind Power:

When it comes to wind energy, the major problemthat arises is the construction of wind mill and con-

version of wind into energy in an efficient manner.

Some researchers hope to create hillside pumps, or

compress air in enormous underground caverns,

while others envision enormous flywheels spinning

with the buzz of wind-generated energy until it is

ready to be spat back out and used.

Two technologies have emerged as more real and

immediate possibilities -- storing wind energy in bat-

One technology is using a large-scale chemical bat-

tery, akin to a giant, more environmentally friendly

and efficient version of a rechargeable dry-cell bat-tery. These batteries are inherently different from

the typical lead-acid ones in vehicles. The batteries

are relatively huge -- each one about the size of two

semitrailer trucks. They are around 10 percent more

efficient than traditional batteries at transferring the

energy they store and are greener, because they

don't have any heavy metal in them.

With the help of electronics, researchers will condi-

tion the batteries to withstand harsh and tumultuous

winds, as well as calm days, in a way that won't wear their re-charge power out. Some researchers believe that the new so-

dium sulphur batteries can operate at efficiencies of around 90 percent, because there's "only one reaction occurring in the

battery. Yet the lifespan of the battery is in question and also it should be made sure it can withstand heavy pressures from

the grid that distributes power from sources to customers.

It should also be noted that this kind of pressure doesn't compromise the life or efficiency of the battery. It is good to chal-

lenge power companies to explore ways to sustain alternative energies, regardless of the outcome.

Hence the preferred locations of wind farms are offshore areas and high altitude areas.

As a chemical engineer we can play a vital role in batteries and also in

the conversion of wind energy to produce hydrogen.

But for now amongst this struggle for new technologies, the help

which we could render is not to waste this hard procured energy. So,

here are the simple ones which we could do:

Use CFL (Compact florescent lamp)

If you have a choice between a desktop or a laptop choose the

latter, it reduces one tenth of your power consumption

Avoid keeping your PC in sleep mode

Turn off your engines at signals

Unplug the electric appliances when not in use (Some appliances

consume power even when they are turned off)

Do not keep the refrigerators and ovens door open

Renew your air filters in automobiles in a couple of months.

Though heard numerous times, these tips work only when potential

points turn kinetic. So try to practice them!!

ANSWERS FOR LANGUAGE SNACKS!

1.APOCALYSE

2.PRECIPITATE

3.CANNIBAL

4.AMAZON

5.EXONERATE

6.PLUTOCRACY

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Vision

Enriching Lives through Innovation in Healthcare

Mission

"Discovery to Delivery"

Orchid is a vertically integrated pharmaceutical company with established research, manufacturing and marketing

capabilities across multi-therapeutic domains. We successfully leverage our penchant for science and technology to

create niche products and manufacturing platforms leading to attractive growth.

Chennai Petroleum Cor-

poration Limited (CPCL) is

a world class Refining

Company with dominant

presence in South India.

CPCL, formerly known as

CPCL plays the role of a Mother Industry sup-

plying feed stocks to the neighboring indus-

tries in Manali. CPCLs products are marketed

through IOCL. CPCLs products are mostly

consumed domestically except Naphtha, Fuel

Oil and Lubes which are partly exported.

CPCL has also made pioneering efforts in the

field of Energy and Water Conservation by

setting up a Wind Farm and Sewage Reclama-

tion and Sea Water Desalination Plants.

Today it enjoy the status of a global entity with

operations in four countries; eight manufactur-

ing plant locations in India and one each in UAE,

Thailand and South Africa. The market leader in

most of its businesses in its home market in In-

dia, SRF is the world's 2nd largest manufacturer

of both the Nylon 6 tyre cord as well as the belt-

ing fabrics. SRF strives to ensure faster integra-

tion of people, procedures and practices across

global entities to build synergies and create

value for its stakeholders

The multi-business corporate

group SRF with head quarters

in Gurgaon, India has over

the years expanded its foot-

prints beyond the national

pathways dec

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