Nuclear chemistry review

1. The structure of an alpha particle is the same as a(1) lithium atom (3) hydrogen nucleus(2) neon atom • (4) helium nucleus

2. Which equation represents alpha decay?(1) »6In-»^6Sn + Jf (3) '/"}\- ^4Pa -h X (A~\ 90 ' 91 v J

3. When gg6Ra undergoes a natural transmutation reaction, itemits(1) an alpha particle (3) a proton(2) a beta particle (4) a neutron

4. Which particle has a negative charge?(1) a lithium ion (3) an aluminum ion(2) an alpha particle (4) a beta particle

5. Which type of radiation would be attracted to the positiveelectrode in an electric field?(1) °,e

(2) "H

6. Given the equation:

(3) 32He(4) ,0n

Which particle is represented by the letter XI(1) an alpha particle (3) a neutron(2) a beta particle (4) a proton

7. A carbon- 14 atom spontaneously decayed to form anitrogen- 14 atom. This change took place because(1) a transmutation occurred without particle emission(2) a transmutation occurred with particle emission(3) nitrogen- 14 has an unstable nucleus(4) carbon- 14 has a stable nucleus

8. What is the number of hours required for potassium-42 toundergo 3 half-life periods?(1) 6.2 hours (3) 24.8 hours(2) 12.4 hours (4) 37.2 hours

9. In the diagram below, the radiation from a radioactivesource is being separated as it passes between electricallycharged plates. What are the three types of radiationobserved on the detector?

BATTERY

PATHWAYOF

>Y RADIATION

(1) X= alpha, Y= beta, Z= gamma(2) X= gamma, 7= beta, Z= alpha(3) X= beta, Y= gamma, Z= alpha(4) X= gamma, Y= alpha, Z = beta

10. An 80 milligram sample of a radioactive isotope decays to5 milligrams in 32 days. What is the half-life of thiselement?(1) 8 days

(2) 2 days(3) 16 days(4) 4 days

11. The half-life of a radioactive isotope is 20.0 minutes. Whatis the total amount of a 1.00-gram sample of this isotoperemaining after 1.00 hour?(1) 0.500 g (3) 0.250 g(2) 0.333 g (4) 0.125g

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12. The graph below represents the decay of a radioactiveisotope.

8 16 24TIME (d)

Based on Reference Table N, which radioisotope is bestrepresented by the graph?(1) 3^p(2) 13II

13. In the equation:

(3) 198AU

(4) 222Rn

The symbol Jf represents

(D 2^Th (3)

(4)

14. Given the nuclear reaction:}4N + 4He -» }H + X

Which isotope is represented by the X when the equation iscorrectly balanced?(1) £70 (3) 97F(2) J80 (4) 98F

15. In the reaction:IfA + I0n -). 4He + X

The species represented by X is

(D ?I(2) ]l

(3) fHe(4) jHe

16. Which equation is an example of artificial transmutation?(1) 2fU_*4He + 9234Th (3) rC^4N + V

(2) 237A1 + 24He -> 35°P + ̂ n (4) 226Ra -» 24He 4 2f Rn

17. A positively charged particle has great difficultypenetrating a target nucleus because the target nucleus has(1) a positive charge, which repels the particle(2) a negative charge, which attracts the particle(3) the protection of surrounding electrons(4) a very high binding energy

18. In which list can all particles be accelerated by an electricfield?

(1) alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons(2) alpha particles, beta particles, and protons(3) alpha particles, protons, and neutrons(4) beta particles, protons, and neutrons

19. Given the nuclear reaction:29325U + in -> '/68Ba + |Kr + 3^n + energyThis equation can best be described as(1) fission (3) natural decay(2) fusion (4) endothermic

20. What is the primary result of a fission reaction?(1) conversion of mass to energy(2) conversion of energy to mass(3) binding together of two heavy nuclei(4) binding together of two light nuclei

21. Which statement best describes what happens in a fissionreaction?(1) Heavy nuclei split into lighter nuclei.(2) Light nuclei form into heavier nuclei.(3) Energy is released and less stable elements are formed.(4) Energy is absorbed and more stable elements are

formed.

22. Given the reaction:2 H + 2H-»4He + energy

The process represented by the reaction is calledfission(1)

(2) fusion(3) artificial transmutation(4) alpha decay

23. Which conditions are required to form 4He during thefusion reaction in the Sun?(1) high temperature and low pressure(2) high temperature and high pressure(3) low temperature and low pressure(4) low temperature and high pressure

24. Which equation represents nuclear fusion?

(1) 6_C-»? N + _jC(2) '(3)(4)

«5+:

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25. Which element is used for dating archaeologicaldiscoveries?(1) carbon-12 (3) carbon-14(2) carbon-13 (4) carbon-15

26. Iodine-131 is used for diagnosing thyroid disordersbecause it is absorbed by the thyroid gland and(1) has a very short half-life (3) emits alpha radiation(2) has a very long half-life (4) emits gamma radiation

27. The course of a chemical reaction can be traced by using a(1) polar molecule (3) stable isotope(2) diatomic molecule (4) radioisotope

28. Diagnostic injections of radioisotopes used in medicinenormally have(1) short half-lives and are quickly eliminated from the

body(2) short half-lives and are slowly eliminated from the

body(3) long half-lives and are quickly eliminated from the

body(4) long half-lives and are slowly eliminated from the

body

29. Base your answers to the following questions on the information below.

Uranium -238, a solid, is a naturally radioactive element found in the earth's crust. As it decays one of theproducts is radon -222 which is a gas and is very radioactive.

a Write the equation for the decay of Rn -222.

b The half-life of Radon -222 is 3.82 days. How many grams of a 1.0 gram sample of Rn -222 would remain after 7.64 days?

30. Base your answers to the following questions on the information below.

Nuclear weapons were tested in the atmosphere until a treaty banning this proceedure was signed in 1963.The explosion of these fission reaction devices produced radioactive wastes whichs still today contaminatesour environment. One of the radioactive isotopes produced by these explosions was strontium-90, a group2 element. Strontium-90 can be ingested by humans and absorbed into their skeletal system. Here it canundergo beta decay and produce harmful effects.

a Write the nuclear equation for the decay of strontium-90.

b Calcium is a major component of bone tissue. Using your knowledge of the relationships of elements within the PeriodicTable, explain why radioactive strontium-90 might be found substituing for calcium in bone tissue.

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