Path to the American Revolution

By J.A.SACCO

Mercantilism

What is mercantilism? Why was mercantilism implemented?

Advantages to mercantilism

To gain economic control over coloniesFor a nation to become self-sufficientA steady market of raw materials from coloniesUse the colonies to purchase excess products

Charles II

Mercantilism

Disadvantages of Mercantilism on ColoniesRestricted colonies to whom they could

buy/sellPrevented colonies from buying and selling

with other nations to get a better price

Problem- What happened if the colonies produced something that England did not want?

Triangular Trade

Triangular trade allowed the colonies to conduct its own trade without British supervision!

England the Colonies and Mercantilism

How did the British restrict colonial trade to achieve mercantilism?

Navigation Acts (1660)Enacted by Charles II- Exports>ImportsAll Exports/Imports to colonies carried on English vessels. Why did the British do this? How did this hurt the colonies? Certain “enumerated” goods (tobacco, sugar, cotton, indigo, lumber) sent only to England or English colonies. How did this hurt the colonies?

England the Colonies and Mercantilism

Staple Act (1663) All colonial imports must go through English port (pay

duty) then ship out again on English ship. Why did the English pass this act?

How did the colonies avoid the Navigation Acts?

England Gets Tough on the Colonies!

Problem- English government can’t prevent smuggling into colonies. Result?

Dominion of New England

Dominion of New England

New England seen as center of smuggling problem

1684- Charles II makes N.E. a royal colony 1685- James II establishes the Dominion of

New England

N. England, Conn, RI, NY, NJ charters revoked. Become royal colonies!

Dominion of New England

Dominion run by gov.general/councilors app’t by king

Dominion had power to make laws, tax, administer justice, confirm/deny existing land grants

Colonial assemblies abolished

Sir Edmund Andros

Sir Edmund Andros

Caused greater tension in colonies Declared previous land titles worthless/had to pay

annual fee for new title Puritan Church not recognized- all marriages had to

be performed in Anglican church Puritan meeting halls must be made available for

Anglican services No one to teach school without government

permission

This was a way to punish the colonies for violating the Navigation Acts.

Period of Transition /Glorious Revolution

Rejected advice of Parliament

Insisted on divine right to rule

Openly practiced Catholicism

Prosecuted Anglican bishops for defying his wishes on church appointments

James II has son- will raise him Catholic

James II- 1688

The Glorious Revolution 1688

What affect did James II have on England and the colonies?

James abdicates thrown William and Mary obey laws

of Parliament.

William and Mary

English Bill of Rights, King musthave Parliament’s consent for taxes and raise and army

Glorious Revolution and the Colonies

Andros overthrown Dominion of New

England ended Right to elect assembly Assembly can elect the

gov’t councilors

Colonial Governor appointed by King

Voters must own property

What affect does the Glorious Revolution have on the colonies?

Positives Negatives

“Two Treatises on Government” (1689)

People born with natural rights

Gov’t created by the people to ensure those rights

And if gov’t violates that agreement-people have the right to overthrow that gov’t

Basis of colonial protest in Revolution!

John Locke

Period of Salutary Neglect (1689-1713)

What is the significance of the Period of Salutary Neglect?

Why did the British take their attention away from the colonies?

Period of Salutary Neglect (1689-1713)

America King William’s War (1689-1697) Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) King George’s War (1744-1748

Europe War of the League of Augsburg War of the Spanish Succession War of the Austrian Succession

British involved in wars of empire.

Effect on Colonies?Wars kept England occupied with European affairs allowed the colonies to develop on own with very little interference from Britain. Colonies get a taste of independence.

British Regain Control?

Early 1700’s Britain try to regain control over colonies with new acts and enforce the old ones.

Molasses Act (1733) – put tax on sugar/molasses imported from non-British ports (Fr./Dutch West Indies).

Woolens Act (1699)– could not trade goods outside of own colony

Hat Act (1732) – could not sell hats and felts outside colony in which it was made

Iron Act (1750) - forbade the manufacture of the finished articles of iron.

Acts poorly enforced.

French and Indian War (1756-1763)

Last ‘war of empire” Determined European supremacy in North

America