path to 5g overview - mwc 2015 - interdigital
TRANSCRIPT
2
So where are we with 5G?
Further along than you might think
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3
Drivers & Requirements: the most diverse in any generation!
8K Ultra High Definition will be available around 2020 driving 2600x traffic of 2010
50 Billion+ things across a dozen industries, unsynchronized, all talking at the same time
Real time interaction with environments is crucial to engagement of human beings
New levels of life interactive experiences shaping new wireless requirements
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The internet of everything(and an awful lot of everything!)
Tactile internet
Video, video & more video!
Mission critical apps
4G purposed mainly for VIDEO… 5G video ++ ● IoE ● TACTILE internet ● mission critical IMT-2020
4
Drivers & Requirements: gathering international consensus
4G purposed mainly for VIDEO… 5G video ++ ● IoE ● TACTILE internet ● mission critical IMT-2020
LTE-ALTE
50Mbps150Mbps
500Mbps1Gbps
16.32 30
upto20MHz upto100MHz
~10ms ~5ms
Peak Data Rate:
Spectral Efficiency:
Carrier Bandwidth:
Latency (RTT):
<1millisecondlatency
(when needed)
10-50Gbps peak data rates
90% Energyreduction per
service
100-500MHz Carrier Bandwidth
Higher Density:Millions of
connections per km2
Higher TrafficVolume:
1-10 Tbps per km2
Rapid ServiceCreation
(from days to minutes)
Sustainable Total Cost of Owner for
all players
User DefinableSecurity & Privacy
*Key requirements harmonized & agreed in ITU-R WP5D
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
5
The Players: organized well across industry and academia5G is in very real discussion & is expanding across the international stage
Horizon 2020 – 5GPPP Program (InterDigital Europe) EU FP7 Program – METIS, 5GNOW, MAMMOET, etc. 5G Innovation Center (5GIC) – University of Surrey
Korean 5G Forum Initiative, Korea (InterDigital Asia) IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group, China ARIB 2020 & Beyond Ad Hoc Group, Japan
Leading 5G Universities: NYU, MIT, Berkeley, Stanford Various NSF Projects: FIA Program, Xdensification Intel Strategic Research Alliance, Qualcomm Institute
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Asia
Americas
Europe
International
6
5G Roadmap: with key international event drivers
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Winter Olympics: KOREA Summer Olympics: Japan FIFA World Cup: Quatar
WRC-15
InterDigital Vision 2020, Creating the Living Network, 5G…
Rel 12 Rel 13 Rel 14 Rel 15 Rel 16
WRC-19
802.11ax - 6G Wi-Fi! 802.11ax Standard. (<6GHz)
NG60 SG WiGig3.0 - 6G Wi-Fi! WiGig2.0 Standard
5G Studies STANDARDIZATIONWAVE 1 (<6GHz)
5G PRODUCTS & DEPLOYMENT START!
Standardization continues…
LTE-B LTE-C
Vision Requirements Proposals
5G Research, Prototyping, Trials (5GPPP, 5G Forum, etc.)
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
9
Services: the evolution to the smarter, living network5G will deliver next level of experience and enabling business models
Wave 1 (Voice) Wave 2 (Visual) 5G:The Living Network
New services, new business models
Glory days of GSM
Integrated telephony
applications
IMS promises
Walled garden worries!
Rise of the OTT
A new status quo
Rise of the mobile internet
The video experience
The living experience
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
1010
What needs to happen
• New broad innovation (in 4G & 5G) in the area of networking technology to enable flexible models that may be equitably leveraged by both operators and OTT
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
What Over the Top Players want?• Access to subscriber information including phone types, history, etc.
• Real time knowledge of network conditions & level of quality of service
• Ability to manage the quality of service on application, user basis
Services: business models must and will change in 5G
What Mobile Operators want?• Sell new services and key assets such as quality of service, status, etc.
• Monetize secure and scalable XaaS hosting services for OTT customers
• Grow their business’ in a predictable & sustainable way enabling 5G potential
5G may simply not happen unless a “happy” consensus is reached here…
11
Services: the IoE New Frontier but a very similar story
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
• A wealth of rich data remains closed behind legacy and highly fragmented silos common today across most vertical industries (e.g. transport, energy)
• The opening of this data in an economical way will enable a leap in context awareness that will serve to drive the deep fabric of 5G network operation
Connectivity
Service/App. Enablement
Managed Data
Devices Devices
(1)Yesterday (2)Today (3)Tomorrow
Where the many verticals are stalled today
Management Services
Connectivity
M2M → IoE Evolution
Connectivity
Devices
Management Services
13
The
Inte
rnet
Pro
toco
l “Ru
bico
n”
Network: and in the beginning there was “virtualization”5G will be about more of this (deeper virtualization, broader usage of SDN)
First wave of virtualization and the second the third & not last
NFV : Separate SERVICE logic from HW Platform
SDN: Separate CONTROL and DATA planes
Emergence of NFV and SDN Technology
NFV=Network Function Virtualization, SDN=Software Defined Networking
Circuit Switching all IP
Break up of Bell system in USA
1982 Mid 80’s Mid 90’s+ Mid/Late 00’s+
Emergence of Intelligent Networking
(SS#7/AIN)
STEP1 : Separate SERVICE logic from switching
Infrastructure
…giving us 800#, voicemail, Caller
ID and GSM!
STEP2 : Separate CONTROL and DATA planes
(Commodity Hardware)
Emergence of Soft Switch Technology
(MGCP, MEGACO, SIP)
…the era of Convergence
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
14
Network Subsystem: other key themes of today that will continue to shape the 5G world of tomorrow
5G will leverage this tech across and deeper into its architecture and business models
5G requirements will push ‘caching” deeper into both the network & wireless subsystems
5G ≠ infinite bandwidth but it may deliver a perception of it through contextualization
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Deep Content & Information Management
Contextualization
CloudificationVirtualization
15
5G Emerging Technologies in the network subsystem
SDN is an approach to networking in which routing control is decoupled from the physical infrastructure enabling a networking fabric across multi-vendor equipment
NFV moves network services out of dedicated hardware devices into software. Functions that in the past required specialized hardware devices can now be performed on standard x86 servers
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Network Function Virtualization
Software Defined Networking
16
5G Emerging Technologies in the network subsystemThe new network operating system. Supports lifecycle management, global resource management, validation and authorization of new requests, policy management, system analytics, interface management
Extends cloud computing and services to the edge of the network and into devices. Similar to cloud, fog provides network, compute, storage (caching) and services to end users. The distinguishing feature of Fog reduces latency & improves QoS resulting in a superior user experience
“5G may not deliver infinite bandwidth but it may well deliver a reasonable perception thereof” CN includes all categories of analytics (behavioral, predictive, etc.) & cross layer techniques applied to enable the more efficient and “just in time” use network capacity
ICN directly routes and delivers named pieces of content at the packet level of the network, enabling automatic and application-neutral caching in memory wherever it’s located in the network. The result? Improved mobility, security, privacy, resiliency, multicast support, etc.
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Fog Computing Edge Computing
Contextual Networking
SDN/NFV Orchestration
Information Centric Networking
18
Wireless Subsystem: and in the beginning there was 9.6kbps!
Really quite amazing when you stop and think about it…
2G Narrowband Era 3G Broadband Era (for the few) 4G …and for the massesIMT-2000 IMT-A
100,000X on GSM Phase 1
WCDMAHSPA
HSPA+
LTE*
LTE-A2012+
GSM-EDGE
1990+
9.6kbpsGSM Phase 1
UL=118KbpsDL=236Kbps
384Kbps2Mbps
5.7Mbps14Mbps
11.5Mbps42Mbps
50Mbps150Mbps
500Mbps1Gbps
0.17-0.33(Bit/s/Hz) 0.51 2.88 12.5 16.32 30
200kHz 5MHz 5MHz 5MHz upto20MHz upto100MHz
300ms 250ms ~70ms ~30ms ~10ms ~5ms
Peak Data Rate:
Spectral Efficiency:
Carrier Bandwidth:
Latency (RTT):
*LTE Category 4
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
19© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Wireless Subsystem: the spectral efficiency path5G will be about more of this: more MIMO, coding & interference reduction
Historical Approach:Reduce Eb/No
through fundamental generational advances
1G
2G
3G
10
1
0.1
0.010 10 20 30 40
Eb/No [dB](Note: as bit rate rises Eb/No must decrease to maintain/improve SNR)
Spec
tral
Effi
cien
cy [b
it/s/
Hz]
Shannon limitReuse=1
Current/Future Path Forward:
Spatial multiplexing (MIMO), interference
reduction and better coding gains
4G
2G3G
10
1
0.1
0.010 10 20 30 40
Eb/No [dB](Note: Further reductions in Eb/No very hard as theoretical limit approached)
Spec
tral
Effi
cien
cy [b
it/s/
Hz]
Shannon limit
LTE PEAK RATE
2020
Wireless Subsystem: the small cell path
5G will be about more of this: ultra dense, mmW cells, D2D communications
This journey has a few more stops to go!
It has always been about small and smaller cells
Todays systems are all a patchwork of coverage and capacity cells where “capacity” is delivered by aheterogeneous mix of small cells
This space is likely to be a key battleground in the next generation race (remember LTE versus WIMAX, place your bets now for 5G)
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Main driver of capacity growth last 50 years1
Microcell
Femto
Cellular
Broadcast
Picocell WiFi
Nano
25xMore Spectrum20x
Radio Design
2000xNumber of cells
Higher Frequencies
Proximity Services
Network Densification
21
Wireless Subsystem: other key themes of today that will continue to shape the 5G world of tomorrow (1 of 2)
In 5G this new spectrum will be allocated in <6GHz and >28GHz bands
5G will “build in” new capabilities to better support more efficient usage models
Energy efficiency will be a more significant driver in 5G than in any previous generation
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
More Flexible Spectrum
Energy Efficiency
New Spectrum Allocations
22
Wireless Subsystem: other key themes of today that will continue to shape the 5G world of tomorrow (2 of 2)
5G will add new dimensions including new categories of small cells, coop comms.
5G will blur definitions of access & backhaul delivering long promised wireless mesh
5G will leverage this tech across and deeper into its architecture and business models
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Self OrganizationBackhaul Flexibility
CloudificationVirtualization
Heterogeneous Networking
2424
5G a tale of two spectrums: Small,
smaller and tiny cells
A tale of two integrated wireless subsystems
• EVO: Below 6GHz with more aggregation of legacy bands, better coordination, and greater MIMO, etc.
• REVO: mmW with large chunks of contiguous bandwidth, dynamic meshing, massive MIMO, etc.
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
WRC’15
• Up to 100 MHz BW• FDD/TDD• Macro cells• Long symbol duration
• Up to 200 MHz BW• FDD/TDD• Marco/small cells• Long symbol duration
• Up to 1 GHz BW• TDD (priority)• Small cells• Short symbol duration
• Up to 2 GHz BW• TDD (priority)• Small cells• Short symbol duration
Below 6 GHz Above 6 GHz
WRC’19
70 - 80GHz
60 - 70GHz
20 - 50GHz
2300 – 6000MHz
700 - 2300MHz
1200 MHz spectrum(licensed & Unlicensed; Harmonized)
Up to 5 GHz spectrum(mostly licensed; Not harmonized)
Up to 24 GHz spectrum (mostly unlicensed; Harmonized)
25© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Millimeter Wave R&D Vision
• The Technology Solution for 5G Small Cell Access and Backhaul
• Capacity growth beyond what emerging Small Cell and Spectrum Sharing solutions can provide
• 100x – 1000x growth!
Next GeNB
mmWbackhaul
mmWaccess
TraditionalCellular
Link
Full mmHArchitecture
5G AccessWireless Mesh Backhaul
B E
A D
CG
2016 2020 2023
mmW Phase Array Radio and Antenna
MAC & PHY Algorithms
Earliest Commercialization Timeline
Innovation and Core Technology
26© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
New and flexible spectrum usage• New large spectrum
at mmW frequencies
• Carrier Aggregation of discontinuous bands
• Dual band split user and control plane
• Joint multi-RATs management
• Cognitive techniques (Spectrum Sensing)
Novel duplexing schemes• Joint TDD-FDD
operation
• Dynamic TDD
• Single channel full duplexing
Advanced antenna and multi-site technologies• 3D-beamforming and
MU-MIMO
• Active Antenna System (AAS)
• Massive MIMO
• Network MIMO (Adv. CoMP)
Advanced waveforms and multiple access• More flexible
waveforms than pure OFDM (e.g. RBF-OFDM; FBMC; etc.)
• Non-orthogonal multiple access
• Broader set of modulation and coding schemes
• Advanced interference coordination and cancellation techniques
• Flexible functional split (virtualization / cloudification)
• Flexible backhauling and joint optimization with access
5G Air Interface: shaping the new four letter acronym
27
5G Emerging Technologies in the wireless subsystem
Alternatives to pure OFDM such as RBF-OFDM, FBMC, GFDM, and UFMC,are motivated for better spectrum containment and asynchronous(non-orthogonal) sharing scenarios in 5G.
The use of a very large number of antennas is proposed as a means to achieve very high throughput and spectral efficiency per area. Both co-located and distributed architectures are envisaged, with co-located massive MIMO particularly appealing to high frequency bands (thanks to the narrow beams and small form factor).
Millimeter Wave spectrum (20-80GHz) offers large chunks (up to 2GHz) ofcontiguous bandwidth, which makes it suitable for ultra-high throughputand low latency scenarios.
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Advanced MIMO
Advanced waveforms
Millimeter Wave
28
5G Emerging Technologies in the wireless subsystem
Thanks to recent advances in self-interference cancellation, single channel full duplex(also known as simultaneous transmission and reception - STR) is being considered. Itprovides up to 2x link spectral efficiency gain, reduced air interface latency, andsignificantly improved MAC.
Carrier Aggregation of discontinuous bands could allow wider bandwidth to be used and hence significantly increase the system capacity. This technology is already adopted in LTE-A, though extensions are further expected in 5G, including cognitive capabilities (e.g. spectrum sensing, database access, etc.)
Flexible and high capacity backhaul integrating multiple technologies (e.g. optical,wireless including mmW) is necessary to cope with the technology trends for 5G radiointerface. Multi-technology resources pooling, dynamic topology (re)formation (e.g.dynamic meshing), and efficient context-aware resource scheduling are key features.
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Carrier Aggregation of discontinuous bands
Single channel full duplexing
Flexible and high capacity backhaul
30
ICN=Information Centric Networking, SDN=Software Defined Networking, NFV=Network Function Virtualization, D2D=Device to Device Comms
InterDigital 5G Vision: The Living Network Vision is realized
IMMERSIVE VIDEO TACTILE INTERNET M2M IOT MISSION CRITICAL
VIRTUALIZATION LAYER
NETWORK OS (ORCHESTRATION LAYER)
ANALYTICS POLICY CONTENT MANAGEMENT MULTI TENANCY NEW ROUTINGEnabled by the 5G programmable Infrastructure
Driven by a diverse array of 5G Services
Powered by a 5G virtual resource pool MacroCell Resource Pool:
SmallCell Resource Pool:
Cloud RAN Processing
Remote Radios
Mobile Relays
Satellite Optical
Region Cache Units
Ultra DenseCells
WiFi Evolution
mmW Hotspots
D2D Comms
Deep Edge Compute
ICN
SDN NFV
THE LIVING NETWORK
Smart TRANSPORT Smart ENERGY Smart HEALTH Smart HOMES Smart CITIES
Sensors + Things: Providing essential driving context (the big data!)
THE LIVING NETWORK
Core Wireless Tech. New Waveforms Massive MIMO Flexible Spectrum Multi-RAT Aggregate Mesh Networking Novel Duplexing
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3232
So where are we with 5G?
Further along than you might think
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3333
Drivers & Requirements: the most diverse in any generation!
8K Ultra High Definition will be available around 2020 driving 2600x traffic of 2010
50 Billion+ things across a dozen industries, unsynchronized, all talking at the same time
Real time interaction with environments is crucial to engagement of human beings
New levels of life interactive experiences shaping new wireless requirements
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The internet of everything(and an awful lot of everything!)
Tactile internet
Video, video & more video!
Mission critical apps
4G purposed mainly for VIDEO… 5G video ++ ● IoE ● TACTILE internet ● mission critical IMT-2020
34
Drivers & Requirements: gathering international consensus
4G purposed mainly for VIDEO… 5G video ++ ● IoE ● TACTILE internet ● mission critical IMT-2020
LTE-ALTE
50Mbps150Mbps
500Mbps1Gbps
16.32 30
upto20MHz upto100MHz
~10ms ~5ms
Peak Data Rate:
Spectral Efficiency:
Carrier Bandwidth:
Latency (RTT):
<1millisecondlatency
(when needed)
10-50Gbps peak data rates
90% Energyreduction per
service
100-500MHz Carrier Bandwidth
Higher Density:Millions of
connections per km2
Higher TrafficVolume:
1-10 Tbps per km2
Rapid ServiceCreation
(from days to minutes)
Sustainable Total Cost of Owner for
all players
User DefinableSecurity & Privacy
*Key requirements harmonized & agreed in ITU-R WP5D
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3535
The Players: organized well across industry and academia5G is in very real discussion & is expanding across the international stage
Horizon 2020 – 5GPPP Program (InterDigital Europe) EU FP7 Program – METIS, 5GNOW, MAMMOET, etc. 5G Innovation Center (5GIC) – University of Surrey
Korean 5G Forum Initiative, Korea (InterDigital Asia) IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group, China ARIB 2020 & Beyond Ad Hoc Group, Japan
Leading 5G Universities: NYU, MIT, Berkeley, Stanford Various NSF Projects: FIA Program, Xdensification Intel Strategic Research Alliance, Qualcomm Institute
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Asia
Americas
Europe
International
36
5G Roadmap: with key international event drivers
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Winter Olympics: KOREA Summer Olympics: Japan FIFA World Cup: Quatar
WRC-15
InterDigital Vision 2020, Creating the Living Network, 5G…
Rel 12 Rel 13 Rel 14 Rel 15 Rel 16
WRC-19
802.11ax - 6G Wi-Fi! 802.11ax Standard. (<6GHz)
NG60 SG WiGig3.0 - 6G Wi-Fi! WiGig2.0 Standard
5G Studies STANDARDIZATIONWAVE 1 (<6GHz)
5G PRODUCTS & DEPLOYMENT START!
Standardization continues…
LTE-B LTE-C
Vision Requirements Proposals
5G Research, Prototyping, Trials (5GPPP, 5G Forum, etc.)
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
39
Services: the evolution to the smarter, living network5G will deliver next level of experience and enabling business models
Wave 1 (Voice) Wave 2 (Visual) 5G:The Living Network
New services, new business models
Glory days of GSM
Integrated telephony
applications
IMS promises
Walled garden worries!
Rise of the OTT
A new status quo
Rise of the mobile internet
The video experience
The living experience
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4040
What needs to happen
• New broad innovation (in 4G & 5G) in the area of networking technology to enable flexible models that may be equitably leveraged by both operators and OTT
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
What Over the Top Players want?• Access to subscriber information including phone types, history, etc.
• Real time knowledge of network conditions & level of quality of service
• Ability to manage the quality of service on application, user basis
Services: business models must and will change in 5G
What Mobile Operators want?• Sell new services and key assets such as quality of service, status, etc.
• Monetize secure and scalable XaaS hosting services for OTT customers
• Grow their business’ in a predictable & sustainable way enabling 5G potential
5G may simply not happen unless a “happy” consensus is reached here…
4141
Services: the IoE New Frontier but a very similar story
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
• A wealth of rich data remains closed behind legacy and highly fragmented silos common today across most vertical industries (e.g. transport, energy)
• The opening of this data in an economical way will enable a leap in context awareness that will serve to drive the deep fabric of 5G network operation
Connectivity
Service/App. Enablement
Managed Data
Devices Devices
(1)Yesterday (2)Today (3)Tomorrow
Where the many verticals are stalled today
Management Services
Connectivity
M2M → IoE Evolution
Connectivity
Devices
Management Services
43
The
Inte
rnet
Pro
toco
l “Ru
bico
n”
Network: and in the beginning there was “virtualization”5G will be about more of this (deeper virtualization, broader usage of SDN)
First wave of virtualization and the second the third & not last
NFV : Separate SERVICE logic from HW Platform
SDN: Separate CONTROL and DATA planes
Emergence of NFV and SDN Technology
NFV=Network Function Virtualization, SDN=Software Defined Networking
Circuit Switching all IP
Break up of Bell system in USA
1982 Mid 80’s Mid 90’s+ Mid/Late 00’s+
Emergence of Intelligent Networking
(SS#7/AIN)
STEP1 : Separate SERVICE logic from switching
Infrastructure
…giving us 800#, voicemail, Caller
ID and GSM!
STEP2 : Separate CONTROL and DATA planes
(Commodity Hardware)
Emergence of Soft Switch Technology
(MGCP, MEGACO, SIP)
…the era of Convergence
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4444
Network Subsystem: other key themes of today that will continue to shape the 5G world of tomorrow
5G will leverage this tech across and deeper into its architecture and business models
5G requirements will push ‘caching” deeper into both the network & wireless subsystems
5G ≠ infinite bandwidth but it may deliver a perception of it through contextualization
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Deep Content & Information Management
Contextualization
CloudificationVirtualization
4545
5G Emerging Technologies in the network subsystem
SDN is an approach to networking in which routing control is decoupled from the physical infrastructure enabling a networking fabric across multi-vendor equipment
NFV moves network services out of dedicated hardware devices into software. Functions that in the past required specialized hardware devices can now be performed on standard x86 servers
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Network Function Virtualization
Software Defined Networking
4646
5G Emerging Technologies in the network subsystemThe new network operating system. Supports lifecycle management, global resource management, validation and authorization of new requests, policy management, system analytics, interface management
Extends cloud computing and services to the edge of the network and into devices. Similar to cloud, fog provides network, compute, storage (caching) and services to end users. The distinguishing feature of Fog reduces latency & improves QoS resulting in a superior user experience
“5G may not deliver infinite bandwidth but it may well deliver a reasonable perception thereof” CN includes all categories of analytics (behavioral, predictive, etc.) & cross layer techniques applied to enable the more efficient and “just in time” use network capacity
ICN directly routes and delivers named pieces of content at the packet level of the network, enabling automatic and application-neutral caching in memory wherever it’s located in the network. The result? Improved mobility, security, privacy, resiliency, multicast support, etc.
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Fog Computing Edge Computing
Contextual Networking
SDN/NFV Orchestration
Information Centric Networking
48
Wireless Subsystem: and in the beginning there was 9.6kbps!
Really quite amazing when you stop and think about it…
2G Narrowband Era 3G Broadband Era (for the few) 4G …and for the massesIMT-2000 IMT-A
100,000X on GSM Phase 1
WCDMAHSPA
HSPA+
LTE*
LTE-A2012+
GSM-EDGE
1990+
9.6kbpsGSM Phase 1
UL=118KbpsDL=236Kbps
384Kbps2Mbps
5.7Mbps14Mbps
11.5Mbps42Mbps
50Mbps150Mbps
500Mbps1Gbps
0.17-0.33(Bit/s/Hz) 0.51 2.88 12.5 16.32 30
200kHz 5MHz 5MHz 5MHz upto20MHz upto100MHz
300ms 250ms ~70ms ~30ms ~10ms ~5ms
Peak Data Rate:
Spectral Efficiency:
Carrier Bandwidth:
Latency (RTT):
*LTE Category 4
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4949© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Wireless Subsystem: the spectral efficiency path5G will be about more of this: more MIMO, coding & interference reduction
Historical Approach:Reduce Eb/No
through fundamental generational advances
1G
2G
3G
10
1
0.1
0.010 10 20 30 40
Eb/No [dB](Note: as bit rate rises Eb/No must decrease to maintain/improve SNR)
Spec
tral
Effi
cien
cy [b
it/s/
Hz]
Shannon limitReuse=1
Current/Future Path Forward:
Spatial multiplexing (MIMO), interference
reduction and better coding gains
4G
2G3G
10
1
0.1
0.010 10 20 30 40
Eb/No [dB](Note: Further reductions in Eb/No very hard as theoretical limit approached)
Spec
tral
Effi
cien
cy [b
it/s/
Hz]
Shannon limit
LTE PEAK RATE
5050
Wireless Subsystem: the small cell path
5G will be about more of this: ultra dense, mmW cells, D2D communications
This journey has a few more stops to go!
It has always been about small and smaller cells
Todays systems are all a patchwork of coverage and capacity cells where “capacity” is delivered by aheterogeneous mix of small cells
This space is likely to be a key battleground in the next generation race (remember LTE versus WIMAX, place your bets now for 5G)
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Main driver of capacity growth last 50 years1
Microcell
Femto
Cellular
Broadcast
Picocell WiFi
Nano
25xMore Spectrum20x
Radio Design
2000xNumber of cells
Higher Frequencies
Proximity Services
Network Densification
5151
Wireless Subsystem: other key themes of today that will continue to shape the 5G world of tomorrow (1 of 2)
In 5G this new spectrum will be allocated in <6GHz and >28GHz bands
5G will “build in” new capabilities to better support more efficient usage models
Energy efficiency will be a more significant driver in 5G than in any previous generation
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
More Flexible Spectrum
Energy Efficiency
New Spectrum Allocations
5252
Wireless Subsystem: other key themes of today that will continue to shape the 5G world of tomorrow (2 of 2)
5G will add new dimensions including new categories of small cells, coop comms.
5G will blur definitions of access & backhaul delivering long promised wireless mesh
5G will leverage this tech across and deeper into its architecture and business models
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Self OrganizationBackhaul Flexibility
CloudificationVirtualization
Heterogeneous Networking
5454
5G a tale of two spectrums: Small,
smaller and tiny cells
A tale of two integrated wireless subsystems
• EVO: Below 6GHz with more aggregation of legacy bands, better coordination, and greater MIMO, etc.
• REVO: mmW with large chunks of contiguous bandwidth, dynamic meshing, massive MIMO, etc.
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
WRC’15
• Up to 100 MHz BW• FDD/TDD• Macro cells• Long symbol duration
• Up to 200 MHz BW• FDD/TDD• Marco/small cells• Long symbol duration
• Up to 1 GHz BW• TDD (priority)• Small cells• Short symbol duration
• Up to 2 GHz BW• TDD (priority)• Small cells• Short symbol duration
Below 6 GHz Above 6 GHz
WRC’19
70 - 80GHz
60 - 70GHz
20 - 50GHz
2300 – 6000MHz
700 - 2300MHz
1200 MHz spectrum(licensed & Unlicensed; Harmonized)
Up to 5 GHz spectrum(mostly licensed; Not harmonized)
Up to 24 GHz spectrum (mostly unlicensed; Harmonized)
5555© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Millimeter Wave R&D Vision
• The Technology Solution for 5G Small Cell Access and Backhaul
• Capacity growth beyond what emerging Small Cell and Spectrum Sharing solutions can provide
• 100x – 1000x growth!
Next GeNB
mmWbackhaul
mmWaccess
TraditionalCellular
Link
Full mmHArchitecture
5G AccessWireless Mesh Backhaul
B E
A D
CG
2016 2020 2023
mmW Phase Array Radio and Antenna
MAC & PHY Algorithms
Earliest Commercialization Timeline
Innovation and Core Technology
5656© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
New and flexible spectrum usage• New large spectrum
at mmW frequencies
• Carrier Aggregation of discontinuous bands
• Dual band split user and control plane
• Joint multi-RATs management
• Cognitive techniques (Spectrum Sensing)
Novel duplexing schemes• Joint TDD-FDD
operation
• Dynamic TDD
• Single channel full duplexing
Advanced antenna and multi-site technologies• 3D-beamforming and
MU-MIMO
• Active Antenna System (AAS)
• Massive MIMO
• Network MIMO (Adv. CoMP)
Advanced waveforms and multiple access• More flexible
waveforms than pure OFDM (e.g. RBF-OFDM; FBMC; etc.)
• Non-orthogonal multiple access
• Broader set of modulation and coding schemes
• Advanced interference coordination and cancellation techniques
• Flexible functional split (virtualization / cloudification)
• Flexible backhauling and joint optimization with access
5G Air Interface: shaping the new four letter acronym
5757
5G Emerging Technologies in the wireless subsystem
Alternatives to pure OFDM such as RBF-OFDM, FBMC, GFDM, and UFMC,are motivated for better spectrum containment and asynchronous(non-orthogonal) sharing scenarios in 5G.
The use of a very large number of antennas is proposed as a means to achieve very high throughput and spectral efficiency per area. Both co-located and distributed architectures are envisaged, with co-located massive MIMO particularly appealing to high frequency bands (thanks to the narrow beams and small form factor).
Millimeter Wave spectrum (20-80GHz) offers large chunks (up to 2GHz) ofcontiguous bandwidth, which makes it suitable for ultra-high throughputand low latency scenarios.
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Advanced MIMO
Advanced waveforms
Millimeter Wave
5858
5G Emerging Technologies in the wireless subsystem
Thanks to recent advances in self-interference cancellation, single channel full duplex(also known as simultaneous transmission and reception - STR) is being considered. Itprovides up to 2x link spectral efficiency gain, reduced air interface latency, andsignificantly improved MAC.
Carrier Aggregation of discontinuous bands could allow wider bandwidth to be used and hence significantly increase the system capacity. This technology is already adopted in LTE-A, though extensions are further expected in 5G, including cognitive capabilities (e.g. spectrum sensing, database access, etc.)
Flexible and high capacity backhaul integrating multiple technologies (e.g. optical,wireless including mmW) is necessary to cope with the technology trends for 5G radiointerface. Multi-technology resources pooling, dynamic topology (re)formation (e.g.dynamic meshing), and efficient context-aware resource scheduling are key features.
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Carrier Aggregation of discontinuous bands
Single channel full duplexing
Flexible and high capacity backhaul
5959
InterDigital 5G VisionMobile World Congress 2015
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
60
ICN=Information Centric Networking, SDN=Software Defined Networking, NFV=Network Function Virtualization, D2D=Device to Device Comms
InterDigital 5G Vision: The Living Network Vision is realized
IMMERSIVE VIDEO TACTILE INTERNET M2M IOT MISSION CRITICAL
VIRTUALIZATION LAYER
NETWORK OS (ORCHESTRATION LAYER)
ANALYTICS POLICY CONTENT MANAGEMENT MULTI TENANCY NEW ROUTINGEnabled by the 5G programmable Infrastructure
Driven by a diverse array of 5G Services
Powered by a 5G virtual resource pool MacroCell Resource Pool:
SmallCell Resource Pool:
Cloud RAN Processing
Remote Radios
Mobile Relays
Satellite Optical
Region Cache Units
Ultra DenseCells
WiFi Evolution
mmW Hotspots
D2D Comms
Deep Edge Compute
ICN
SDN NFV
THE LIVING NETWORK
Smart TRANSPORT Smart ENERGY Smart HEALTH Smart HOMES Smart CITIES
Sensors + Things: Providing essential driving context (the big data!)
THE LIVING NETWORK
Core Wireless Tech. New Waveforms Massive MIMO Flexible Spectrum Multi-RAT Aggregate Mesh Networking Novel Duplexing
© 2015 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.