PROM New Delh1

A-til.,;....&u~ I()·~ rJ \ SUBJ r:.·, T _ _;:;;.;;.;;.;...;;..;;..,;.,...;...lo...._...;.;...;.--.. .... o.-f__..J.-a.._a...,· n_e_t._' a_l_)1_1._s_o_n_e _r·_of;;.._..\_, a_r-.£.......,;;.;.;.;:....~.....-.Iv_...t a o • .g

/l/- I

Color Control Patches Green Yellow Magenta

.TAPA.Nb;S....: o •.Is·.:. { n 'Jl~ .AR INTEP.~.of' '1'!"·· JPOf #23

UNIT ... D S'.PA Tn S OFFICE OF WAR lliFORMAT!CU·T PSYO.HOLOGICAL \.Al~ "ARE TJilAll •

Attqeh$d to U s. Armed Forces 0-B-I APO ~~ 689.

.. Place Interrogated: Date lnterrogatad.: Date of Report Ey:

Combat l qs. 19-20 June 1944 21 June 1044 T/4 Karl G. Roneda ~/4 Alex Yorichl.

--------------- _...._ ____ _ NAME vl" .P :j~;: RAI~K:

OCCUPA · IOl~ t

IIDUCATJ.Oi~:

MARITAL s:;A'l'IJS:

DATE ')e ':APTD'"ili :

Oyama., Iwe.o Ct•po:~i:ro J)riva.te 29 He.ku r.:... fai (Company's code na.ue), 12th ~t'raucportntiou· hegiment 8911 (neg. code. m.4'!tber ia 5.-Dcorr:ect per• Ol.::.r (lrder• of Bs.··'le bt·t P')~~ ms..lr ... tains its a1;:thentic-· It~), 18th (Kiku) Division SlO 'dl.eda ~hi '1!.achl, Fuk,):.>ka St•l, Fuk .. oka Ken, Kyushu F'orerr.an o:· wo.r-kers who .:e clai.merl was t.e ... lnn ·;s.

Middle SctJ.<)ol.

19 May 19·14o

·--- --·--·--EVALUA'i'I•}; : l'O · tr·led to be sincere but due to sol!e •

reason rin anewere to quostlc.ns were in­cbherent at tlm~s. Possibly because 11a i~ a middle •;cl.ool :raduate i is intell't ence see:ms to be a~)ove that n.f tr~z~ !'it rora~e soldier.

Tris is our first prisoner to sLate that a' ;Cew l~aflets w: tch we_e dropped 11 liaY neve influen~:..oc1'1 l:.is b ill., cuptm"'ad · w1t:1out ~-~ .f'i ~:t . Y;e con~ider h.Ln1· t;t desclr tcr s.lthough he zave as n;.s rea.3on for vein~ in the v !.c:..nlty the :fe.ct l)· .. e.t theNl 11maJ have been some Allied patrols": '

Sinc<=J lte i:: a 5-yeur · r.m,y ~;c t .Jra1.~., he said that Le ;vg_a qu,_t~e tired ot tno w~r and AT' .. y li·.'o. f,e als o described him­self' as a qL.iot ( int r·overt typu) poraon who didn't ruix wit L· tb) other soldiers 'JGl';; muoh.

~~, ... Color Control Patches Green Yellow Red Magenta

In a 'flay, he appeared- to be 111. a haze, ink things out Qr to put a fin,:,or on tho mol;ives for ·

certain actions of h1s previaus to his capture. He also se med to e su!'!'ering fro · is not too healthy physical condition . 'l'hls

should be ehacked.

HISTORYt PO"¥ was the aldest son 6f a family of six. He hed 11 years of' schooling

1ncludiur:; 5 years oi' middle school .

PDW had studied E1~ lish but he s emed to havo forGotten most o£ it.

Because he wa::n 't physice.ll"}· strong, F0'. stated that he w nt out fol: r.rank meets as a n:.are.thon runner wLiie in miadle school. he usually plac d 2nd or 3rd ln those meets.

• Before beirt conscripted in 1939 POW ws.s a minor fOl'OF!.Bl1. of .orkers 'r~o rvcla.im.ed \'9StSl9nQ!I in ( itoyoshi, Km.tamot o er:.. He r.;nt the job uno month aft r oe ing graduated from iddle ~chnol. Lis pa:- ?.'ae :3,) ;;er:.. p-3.r :month ~hld l'oorn. l is ~ oar•d

cost him 1, yen, deducted fron1 Lis m,_ uthly '!;.'S.Y. He worked 9,! hours a de~, seve~ days a week.

l ecause he t tJ.ou..,:.ht he was physically t:nf1. t, I.V•· tidn 't expect to~ c:mocr:t.,ted ; aftJ.!' n:s -!'lysica.l he w;;;.s put !.nt o Class ~.

s-cat d thl'l.c: w.hile he !lias

At the a o of 22, PO¥; l"'la ~·ri ef , !! e e a.' a ~r! •. ld out trJ.at lle he.d neh.r·d t;he child bad c...led o~.-e:N· eas.

! 1 0. l:i.kes to smoke au1 arink a11d said that, sometimes h t."ot. te:r• ·ibl:,· drmu· . },e als • llh;'1 to ead li s tavc.u:rite~ be.:.· (ll·.:.:.n ~e c..l:..;s~ics · ':!.Y ~!.t.o.L1e :: e p: ilosopb.ul'S sucL .iS , J:)af'uciu.s, enclus a.,,,;; ""J•m .. s':!. t!. .~e al:;o lik.;:;s li r t ~·oading suoh as to I'la .. :onsl.ut•l o.zi-rJc;, "i• • and t•"e l•tr.r_. /)., said ..:hat he 1-~.a.d read r ·~S· .L. r ,)S··A' s KI uy :Aeihachiro JShio and t at he Q.dmL·Js '1 t: s . ve",t leader· of tbe po:n· peo ~e since tl~;;;.r·o &! o lots oi' p0o.e p3ople a·~c .. com, .... ,t labor..:rs ~.n Japan -.!h, e.re .Jcln:· 1'a~3d i th .• J.J. C:. "Uf :·,._ ir1c. 11 • ( O:Jhi..:.• wu..n tne l,()c in hr od o.f' J'apan . .o "t•. osad hi;·l·... ::lees 1J.1 .. d ,.~).flteer:tu. • no ;~H' ~'lnall:i forced to conault u. lc:t.de .;_.L lfJ37). f'0i'J usually trierl to • ..;ad wl~lle t£1e .l.a. ·o 01 s us0n to i:." la j tf'la "flow\:7r 11 card s.:rue ~hs.na) fen• money .

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Green YeHow Magenta

Buddc,ism but .o cJ.idn't lmow l1or~-v•anj i . His r;r·andmother he \ as a s all o . .~.ild but be

to. b lon e(~ to the 8hiL.shu ::ect of whethor• 1 t v:aR t:l:te • at t or tt e est used to t ako · im t · t-.(l.S tmnple w. e n didn ' t go VJry often in lat~n., y0ars .

MILITA:.Y JiiSTORY. fl~).'i was conscrlpt ed in ALlgl~;;t 1S:)9 . After two mor~ths at Kurur1e t e w~IJ sent

w1tb lis ::.:.annpor•t unit to Ct'J..na . l'e wr~~ statjoneC. in t±'e vi'iuity of Canton fc:r 2-ar ~·c-::rs whero .:: e took part r, several cumns.t;:ns a e.inst t:i:e -Jl-J.iusse. From Ca.r·ton :t~e we:;.t to o:l.n·-:a ore . -.dis ur-dt reaehed ~an~oon on Janua•·;c· 3 , 1942 and sta-ye~. for lJ days. In l'eb1'uary llis unit reached IJ:'b.nzi . l'ro .. ·. th•n~e t•. e·:t• ent to r ayxno and s tas e(: f o.:• a .. onth . Lntc~r tbey pee ec- ~r :::·ot.g,h !,'iandaley and reached Sa:-;aing where they ~·<n·, st ... c :i. onecl f'J!' one yea" . ·ln r<lS~'ch of tr .. _s year· r L unit ar•rived in r.:,ltk_ylna . \..ntiJ.. then Lis wL t wae ~ rs.nsporting :r·a tl nns .

CI ·~.CUW·)l'.'{. CES DF CAP.lii-<E: PO~ wa.s wanderinz arou:::.d on tbe as. at side of !Eyi tkJ ina , about two .r.~.ours walk

east o .. t.t~e I •rawedd·y river, wben r.e C8r.re a cross s. Xs.cllin·. La t;~r mor') !'"!:lChirJ.s a!!p&ared and he wa. surroun"ied by them . Tbe I<r-:1 didn't offe.r any fi ,t .... t or t·eGlstanca. .ue said t:r 1.: took place about "a}' 10, 1944.

After bis capture, J OW was taker.~.. either to .c;r r.-:lisL <)r J-rr.t>:r icu· J .. rrr.y neadqua.rvr:.-r·s whero he s• G.,te'l a .out tW'"J bou.ra. tr;.rint?' tal.s time ei~r..e~· a 1 urme~e or ~ Ct.inilse W:lO kne':; some cHJ.;>ane!JO tried t(• quastiLlll r 1m. Lat~-~r he was taken hei'6 ar~d i.7h\.tr';;l to otht.. r places wh re he s ta~""ed from thre~ da~ s to e. week. 3: inally about a montl1 after 1 .. is .captul'e, Pt\~ su.id , he r. s hrou ·ht to tl1 ls Cr~inese-Arnarioan camp . \Com~, at H~EHlquartcrs ) •

In t:cyin:.:; to explain tJ'e circtllnste.nc3s of bis cnptu.re at t.1e a~ds of l:acl ln soldiern, tl"'e OW pc>intod o~.t that tbe .Penson he vwa a.l-:n.e ~ncl awe~. from ..1:-- ·~.mit: .,.: ~ because he v-l&s in searc. of t · o uJ • ..L ts Wul~'t. weL·o su.~')posed to ha 1e t:.:en OL. the :Jaet side oi tho river. Le said tlH:t l:.:<J ori.g:lnsl unit v;as Sd'J.tl.oned in the outskir~~s of the we':tei•n part of £:~ritk'y1na . Tbis pal"t of tlJ& inter • .-ot;e.ti()n w·:;.s almost im ossible b..:cauge the 1'0\1 seemed tu }~ave had no r:;s.sons or mot i vas fol~ a nUJJLSr o~· his actions and hiu answ H'S were in.c:noeremt at fir:::.t )o 2-0~, said 11e w• s on the east side of the city ~Lcause -c:1$ soldiers in bif.l unit dldn 1t like him aed wouldntt treat him ns one o:r them • / ThereiJrLxi:IiA Rld.:t.fore, he had left his unit v:>luntaril;; ar1d lr...i'ormally because he wanted to join arLother unit whers the;t 110uldn 't t reat him so ba.(tiy . (Talki n to him, it se&med as t~.;.ough tr~e ~")OW was s ufferir....; from a persecution com)lex) .

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Green Yellow Red Magenta White

Ih"'FO 1ATIQ & ~ . OPAQPJ;DA.t tesflEtts r P stated that he l:'lact $&en '" two· ol ()u~ propaganda le flets: St1'RR IDER

(XJA.-22) d tb$ nL•tuc S JIJ ... :Lt;l (No.99}. {~h Js.tter le~.flst is o that was print d 1n tna United ~-,tQtas,.

POW aaw the SURRSND' R le fl$t at hie b&X"U lOk ·l,asha in the outskirts ot" y1tkyina When on& of his ba •r·aeks ates cr01.1 ·ht in fo 1r.:r f'ive &~rpies of it. · Tbi.a b sha was tbe living

quarters of 14 ox 15 $old1ers ~t t l e Transport ·co~ps whose job it ·.vas to make wheels for ca1•ts ( "~ 11 ),. About six. or seven. s ldiera

athered r·ound wh n the leaflets Wvl'il shown. Att r reading themt the s:oldi1:1rs b&g n to jok about .t t by playfully pentlad1ng each other to ~se it to s~ren®:r. Aft:er reading the let.U'lete, one of, the made any attempt to k:e~p them, out instead, bGgan. to us• tllem tor tobacco paper-, setl\ tha p;J?J. W.t~ 1le he w s r·ead1ng the leaflet~ POO ta first impz•essi.tm was that slnce b e was ree.oing an an~my propaganda l~a.flet 'that he .sh ould treat 'it a c cordil'lgly. But as he -read more atid $Ot to th1 .Jdng a.bcJL ... t t b& contents l'e thought, ttr don't want to belie\l'e it, e.n.cl yet I :rant to" (shinji taku mo . a.r: njitaku nai ) •

'then i ~; looked at t h e front cova l.; of' this aurrende:e leafle r .~nd saw ti.Je aa::I1n;:: on it, it seemed to h im that it .s ;unded peC"'11sr al .d ou t ... of ... ~lac9 because it llad been t wl sted from 1"'.. S OI'i -;inal. l'VelltUally ?0'11 snid that h e e1Jt t h e it~tpli "ation • •£r.e n h e tt.._ou~~ t tl1at the caj ln., h a • t~"u.t.~-1 in it r or both ~ides.

' { "docr)rd. ni no ~llinri ga s.:ru. ).

. 'l.'h e f ' \iAJ· t h l n$_.8 tha i. ·.t:'OW r -,men.shered a b o t t :Je rJ"..L r r ender le_a f lot W6:ce : 1) the saying on the 1 r ~mt pa l"'l'ct, 2) the :>:r·ov ~ rb on t ' e insia.e 3) P '1t~ e 1 names will no t b'& publ icir.ed ard 4) steps towa: .. ds ,s .::rrender . ng . nuow when I think a.b rn 1t the la ... flat~ I'D• said, "1-c doosn 't 1m.p···e :J s r..ta s s 1t did wl". a:n 1 fir t saw 1t. I supi.~osa t hat 1 s because I •ve fou nd I> ow true· that leaflet wa s .. "

I r. r·ega rd t o tl;.e U1-lL1 CKY ~. \T.DIEi... ( .ro . 9 9) the !'CN saw 1 'b in the middle of Haren. n~ !. r a pla ca ca.lled SAI.7A v{:. ich · he thou3_b.t was in central Burrus.. f> JW S <J.W two or three copies !bn the g round but t 1.drili:1ng t .t:..e y wore some kind t)f written zrJQt vrial which is usual~-~ found in s oldiora ~ oorai'ort kl ts ( 1mon buku.ro} and u.sually t hrown away by the soldiers, POw didn't t rouble to p1ck tbem up. Later in the evening some memoere of his unit brougbt them in saying that t !1ey we r~ pr opar•.a nda le~J.flets (senden bi-ra). It was nl ~ht t1ll',18 so with t he aid of a o· rrlle, the men looked at the leaflets quietly ( damatte mit a) o Everyone thou,)lt it V'l s a novel (mtU>Ul"'ashil) th:l,ng.

'When tha f'O ~ re&.d it h e ~1 t sort of depr·asoed b~caus e of t rd:; gloomy content and .u e got a. feelir.(; of lor .. el1noss { ae.beshl1 kimoch1 okotta) 11

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Green Yellow Magenta

ll~ thou -ht that certain parts of the leai'let W<:ll'e q·uite outspoken (I~okotsu), esDeeiall.y the ::;at which s· gtod that the t..w1peror was .noG crJIUL1tod ~~efJre tl.e Rttackc wt.~ .re m•-;.de by t'le :;1~l~t~.cists. l'..J~, thcru. )lt that part a 11 .fool 's story" { baka no ~'lanasl~i ) :Jecou~e he sa ld he knows t·r ... ~t t tl::e Bniperol' ntw t bs.'>'S l:::novm soweth.in.:_; aboL<t such attacks.

PO~/¥ r',:}memo .• red that the Craw in :s in the le!!f'l~t \idrr.:. ~. ~.ry r: ·C·~J tbeat the special c.:er·: ice of t'icet• : wl~o takes ea_ e of local :n·o~le~;;.s in oec-ttpicd tcrr•i ·v .. -:.•:es - w:.~.o w.:~· sati::·lzed, hat1 a i :•,t ztcm:ach • .:.n tHe opin::.or: of !?()\ lt s~.,ited thBt officer. He also rt:1niEP!. J'~l'ed t.ne tc.•mb &t t.t,c end a::" ... d "''J~7 also tr •11.· ht that the leafleL l'~<Lc t hav'3 beoD wrlttan for sur t, , ..JY a Japanese r..~ri.sr)ner.

·?OW 2'e11'..arkad tr~n.t th8ra wet•e no general order _ ·,is unit which forbade eoldie!'S fro.IU l':::l c'in~ EHH~w:,' propaganda leofle ts o i3y tha time ille S() lCi&i'S :r_rJd got hold of t t em the officers and r '> :,ednied to !wve rN1d tbe:m ~d knew twouL tb.am but· tha,r d1dn•t a a J ar~J t··.Ll~ abo.ut dispo.s in, of' them.

end ,agazines from Japano Burma .

New~~: r',h~ 's unit re eel ced old ne,•spapers '1·7yu:-ually tcoh abot.t li- months to roach

:il.L6: ln Central Bur:ma near : ..... agh.J.encal HQs, .t'u~~ u.s ed tu hear the rn-ar:-w~~ici';l, '\'1& :. in the COr s be..eba . ·~~hen t.he C) v.·n.s out the oroe:r>ly used to 1nc:r·e~:"~e tl eo v b~:ne so th~'t soldiers nearby could .::.0ar . I~o .se.:! to ['<.H.'Li: :.)rAH!. ~n ... ts fro:r: 'l·aiwan, Sl:.a.ng.bai and N..:w :Oel"'io

'.:n:e next rodi .' J:',J,J hci;4rd· '1. f{ tbe reci· !11antal o.C:jut·:m.t •s ba8ha, a.J01Jt '7 O!'' ::. r:>ilGB fr' .,0 · a'<)n.;~· koout the Dell-: i ,:.!.'')adc,~;-; ts, , ':1~, sa ld Le (;i:,l~ .. EHii'd Y1El.F n ·ws \ senkyo~.· u,yuusu;. The 1~'2t time h-l had h:: ·trd th.e 11 ;ws ~~a; aro nd !carc:1.

,. .B~ i0f:Tllr' C ; _. I:P} mn, :' r,\o f's.le: 'n cons ida ed the nor-ale in Els unit as rnt b~L1:; t-Jo L:.igL OJCO~J.::.;e 1\:i.0'3t 0f' t;lJem bad been overneaa :for sev~..~qal ,ye:.;.rs 1 so that t:wJ· f'el t 11 rtHl downt1 ( daraketc iru) 9 tf~3eing ~v·l·.J ie ~·o f-:n• a lon.,_, t ll:.o causes di scont•3ntntent 11 • (F ei tar ... ;.a Xta ai no ga fuh.ei da)o In theii• bull so:;sion, tle s·)lrlie!'s talktJd sbov.t Wh.en and tho plee~ures the: 1"·aa :'1a.•. ( t!baka ban:'l shi 11 and "onna ·~;o l~snrH:: 'l u ) • He 'elPo ~tate(~ th:::t the olr1 tlm.ers usuall; tnou~;ht that it W!l.S about time that tbelr terms of s rvice should •)d. up but t.hatj tl':.a~' didn't discuss it amcm;; t.:emB13lVes torJ tl cl: •. nly one ter.th of tl:e r.cln :l.n is ~ r rmp wa.r·e mid le scb(Jol c;~rarluatea, ~ 0>1 ~:aid.

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Green Yellow Magenta White

Food: .Since p.~,w tJs.s :tn ";he 'transport Corps a.ud mor0 oz less in tl:~ar ecl:&lon f;J:•onp, .t.e .•lac' suf 'icient fo d. to S5lt. ~Iis l·.n!.t 'MH. eutlr._ s<nall, ·_ito poLutoes , beans rica, salt and me··t - eupplics locally to lihet unit. Cam·1ed goods from .Japan included .tl.or·se ma eke rel ( a.j i), .na cker·el (saba} and sar·dines ( iwaahi). Sake War:! onl:y imported fro.:.n JaparJ for Now Y ;'Jt' . ..:t is 1nt.Jresti:t~~ to note that P0\1 su1d in :ee, ard to t~.e food f'or ovvrteao soldiers, I 1m u.sod t~; eatinu v?or !ood back l;.om~, so I don't 1lnd e~~in~ the food out h~re at all'.

Medi~al Care: P•cau3e of his pbvsical cond1t::.on, i'•;. s~ld that he ~oeen in unG. out of Lospital~ ;i&ny ti.nes. Ria sickness ... as usually due to malaria a1 d diarrhea (r;eri). ~hile ln CLina he was succe0tlble to rran? colds. ~~en he ~a2 at the K1La '6tt& J.-o~pital, Horth of· .. 'Jitk"lnEA, t1e .rood and c~·re teing 1d, bo a sker1 to oe d:l.schal'ged so thut b.e cor-ld flO taclr to Li ~- t·n.:. t. A.ftor· 4 or 5 da.y& Le was r.Jlo&s!Sd. ADol<t 3 ~nonths sgo ;; saiC. th~t he s.~ad a mn··vous :lPeakdm n (shiul'e!.ahu-jyaku). E.e al~·o _·&ae.rked that there wer·e Je.p:.tnese nu1•ses u t e .1a~myo Artvy ;1o.spi tal.

I Of'i'ice:· llSla tions; PO: 1 s .. ect1 on lead or "as ~~,r:;t. ~~o::.curo f.i:r·ata, aboJ.....T""0rr-~I ye ,FSOl.a, frmr, · :Koktu•a. He was one of' the so-cr;olled newcomer·a wr. h.Hl received a • l•um ·tion . tfh8refore, a· n1.un.be r or v0terans w · re j oa.lous :tf this s e::·geant Who w• ·· tL.ouJ%lt to ')~ s lov, i:n act.~ on and not al~rt 1 ... ':J ·.~ said. The Co::npa .y 0011"., ander· ea GtqJt. r .. hirazawa, 'hu be-in~ ve:t•y .str·ict ano ~.!. WAS nicknamed

ttish;tbe !fenkich~, which is the Japanese equivalont of "tr1ctly o.r.u. i'he regint-nta1 t~o as L't. Col. Torak1chi JUzus't.ime.· but P01 had never seen or heard 9.r.yttlin~· ab:rut .f·lm since h e q;as 9. reeant e.rrival. ·'')'VI pointed ''''-t hhot • thvi~ a~.e goo<i of i e, t ar.d lJC.:..s in tl:.Le • apanase Al"'nj. he sald eo e of tLe •. L back· in Uu.-t (L._. 1 s Wl:.t leatle 4'3 , wers very good off'icet:s. :re admired ooth t. Juzoo Ky-okoku am Sgt. ~o:r jo S ·i bat a be causa they slH.U ed. all the Sii.lil'~ 1s.rdshipa a,s the man.

_ Air Attacks & supp5,:'t: Al:.. the flr)-.ting a·~d air attacks ~n Uop.!• Eu:rin'a :lup:re'ssed tbe P{ >H as b.::ll fu.nny 11 ••••

in a p~irc-..llar fashion. 'irne war, in his lnd, seemed topsy-turvey. Asl{t}d w~ .. y, he ... aid that tht;l ~ we::r·e "'tn·eral occasions wtall Allied b ... m0e~·s co~ld have caused ~rf)at dr .. m ... ge b.ad tbc bumos dr:,pped on tx~'np c;:mce ·~ 1.-:catior.s.; at v!.L6 time there was u wLole Japanese i~E'p.;iment packed ln closely in a small spuco, yet t.be Allied planes ur·or~ e,., b',•m s •:haL day at tr;tl V;ayslde and at insie _:ficant tra .:~ts . Gn other· occasion.:, t-').'1 said, ln.~.te~H o.(· b :l 1'ing a.nd st.r·tafi:t. rprr. emplacements or vital roads.

l

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Green Yellow Magenta White

I

'

the Allies dropped bomoe and stre . ed OlllY or~ the side ilf' the r·oad ap.d in ditches. oaus1 no harm whatsoe'\'ar . t',)W statea vh t he 1 new there W(li'G Japanaee airi'i lds nearby .and he kne-q that se\l'er.'d ·times their own planes had mist ' enly strafed them. ?OW pointed o\i.t thStt all _these f ~ cto~:-s made hi!n believe that this was a *'funny· 1n\r0 • POW' said t~.a.t wl::en he passed rAaymo l1e had se~n a. n '·1er of Japanc.-Je plenes bu.t wben he got to l·A)t:ler · ..%.nna he bad seen ''er~r fer4 , if any. Ile wondered wl:.e;.e tb.e Japan ee t~1r .lor co ·tt'.!.S and wh.:i _ t d dn t t come ( d.Jshite !• ikoki c;a lwnai ~ .. o ka? ) t'OVl tr· ~..~ur-ht tlrln was a r:otncr one of t r.: e 1t fvnr:y" ( okashi i ) things of the ·~e r. · . --

U;.()tu.l.:'as: ?C)'. 's units :·ece1 ved leoturea occ&:>ionally. '£hey 1• ~,t(~ only hac '€o .!.' •d ch . .al,)te:n:; 0f' t!1e .. eij i rescript . J?U"tJ said .......... ·1t alltl.:le line 1m: ts 1 ad to 1nemor1ze a.l1 of th~ Roscrip't .

G.f.\;}L.;:tAL IOJ.,A:S: s~,icic1a: ... 0¥. said that h~ had !".oa~d or tl.ie-suicide s of twn men .>a.c% l.r c~nton.

llG ,,,,.~ Jluc b.t! ... t to t: l . e th~1 r.ames of: t::-- 0 ~t.:i.c.ldee s.nd said. th£\t the act '", t.r_ .. r·~ct..:.lt of pe.~.·sor:~l nrobi.erus. (kokoro n_ kuro). ·t.ihen ask;;d w ... wt he tnour::ht !11bout ~:~utcides, f'J ,t said th· t it w~f::! 11 oetter to work dll~,_;e1.tly, than to c'Jn.l.. it suicide'~{jisatsu s t ru ~ori ka islHJOknomei ni na1: ~raku). H71'orc.-'l c.aptu1·a, .:.' Jt said he 1.ad s. f6elir>..g he rr it,ht like to r·y suicide. J1sk ed if <)tb -sr s:Jl(:ie re felt t.t1e sa. e way 11~ dill, P'·.n answered that be r"1. n't know if e 0ry.'Jdy ;,oq•..) ·~· ld surron,:el' or· b. (•er.tur-ed ec~t.Be it J~o lo violate on(;; o · th~: e>ri:1c-1plcs of .fa an. (ko.l.;. ·t;aj t..: a v'.lt t•ai). •-e s ld t }J:;, t l~ s v.r>it •;ot no le tu ·e e on com i tting e v. cide .i.n tr•e ove11t tt:~t t·t·a~ ( r-e ·~eNd 1•

with ~ peles ~ situati c t .

Jaf~n: ,.,JW .said t}'nt ;,e 1:a.~.:, .h~ard "lf Japnneca los nes int'2a s.~ l•acTf. c, Lhst pla!H;s w ·fl!'•· ~stro~ed, lo" ded boat.s v;er:e sunk, P l'. thvu.,.,h t tL~"-+ t vapan cr::~.J.,:.. af.::'Ol'd to lot)\..! lDCIS t of t.e s·~ P·-ci:t'i c ~nl.rwds bzca·so tLey .:..0. 1 t t o o impo~t~nt. '.wo·we&l know11 ViTa ·sP1pa tlie ~~:··r~~ -cr a.r1d t.ue /l-it\. ..t./rJ) ~,'.;1re :..r1 tt e Pa~ifict 1,~

h&C ,;eard. b Ut, wr.e Yl lll:.; L'llit : .... := zoin~~ f ror.l Sin.....-apo..ce to Ra.ng-oon,. there we .s .. 1o cDnvoy 1.1nd be YJ C'n~1 s .:eJ -w:r,e:ea t.l'::te other· Ja::o&ne so ~~ar vas~ els wer·e.

• FOii. dc ... su 1 t tr.~nk ·tl::st J·apan w1J..:!. oe completely CleJ'eatnc and be hoped th.a. t Q 2 talemate woull: be tl10 logica.l Cd! Clus ion bef·ore a v~orld pear-- (: n.f'srence . Slnce l.Je \U:H' a JapPnu •..: o, ·:A. e '.' ldn't say t;·,is rublicly, ":Jut he b llevas that Japar~ .lle '· become c. r..:p.ublic f1J.1.G!' t :.o '-<!lr .

Color Control Patch Green YeUow

Since Jupan :Ls the lar ... d :..•f :·: .... ~:; birth, {umtn'et kw1l) 'Y~wm wants to gt: bs.c'' .,;-ventua l·y, ~.e alse wants to see 1L~ wife but n•<; ' .:.c; a:r·:;;,nts i.n pa::.•t:cula.r. P.Ji~ also w ~ of the opi_n.~•.m tLut bo o.u:rr.:.t not t 0 ...... o tJacl; r11f.ht away. IJ&ray be when J: •m 5u years old .1 r·11 go bc1ck , he said, 1 I:f they tall me to go home a~1cJ then 1 111 ha\·e to -~o .. ome 11

, P'JV: C·Jtttinued, t'but otharwise I <flnt to .. ork, r;lake som€! .n1onoy ~me_' tr.on .;o ~o~e". I'v also ea:td· "Of COi..·.l'se , ~ carl 't VE>r;y_ i"all ·/;o 1 omo e ... a p1•J.soner cf "ar. 'fJa.t if my ll&:ae 1St: 't f.!UblicJ.zed, ... ~I/9.~ be auJ.e to £:0 O~Ck 11 •

Allies: POw hac1 not met .any A.me1•1ce.na before the W!U'. te thought or~. On!. to d.._ tat•.H3 as 8 land of 64\U\l-i ty a.nd fra'l~dom ( J iyuubyoot oo), but 1te tbt:r-r h t suc:t. £lrecepts wo all rlq.ht f::Jr A ~,erica uut . .tOt fol' Ja~lan. He s&ld he knew ,A.'!l:..erlca. bad ~reat woalt!~ ac.d a l~ignl .. dev'3lo~ec n.aterial civilization. P'IW ,:1el ievec tr·-, t Ja~.:-an is figb. t h,~ th_; ,:z.d ted Sta tos because or Japan's ambition of "halrko ichiu« in tb~ hn'1lls of rw, "a family under one ~-lDuse

1

' . Juts ide of that P )W dici1 't know .. £1 ... ch aiY.lUt this term Ol' th.e r.:al cause of tLe wa:ro

. A.sktJd \!ll;; .Js.~JS11 ~ t~s C" ghtlng the Chinese, !1

d~~ answ .reo !e believec it ·~vll.:J n.~l'E:crCUEe.:'r rm the :;,;ar·t •-:!f Ja?·1an • Aside from thgt r~a di~Jr.. 't kr.ov: tt.t~ HJl.L Lies _nv.:JlV9<1 gnd lau@::iu~ly au, e .. ter' ti·kt 'l'ojo o:-· :tl -:· .}a.l"n:J.Cse lJ reps be corwnltod because tl-.. ey :kn• .. w c1:e an:::;WGJ.·s. .A, didn't Y!JOW wr.•;ntl:~ vi1:.:; the ·ihina 11incident" had la.c;tud so loni). But r~e ,;redic:teo tL.<"t it wo ·lr' end IVhen the other wa:r•s V;?r-e ov.J.~. l 1

(JI}: th•)t,·~ht tl '1t r;ti'1.iG ;-:-ai-'11 eJr wnr ... ld l:>l:· .huve on& te,4th r;~· 2f.:.Ln 'I i l-:;; t.J._e :!.'aSt ~/c1 .l..LO 1 f' C .;;:t ~:'Jllerl b:r Jnpan stf'tC:t• tha -; ar.

1: ),, rclucb.u:tl:r adni t t;eu th.a t it seemed to ou COJ • ...:, on ~:lractlce tt..) bobsad Ca(~tu~·ed Cl1.:.n.:se soldier a although .bo hir.J.self abl:or·::·ed the p:act~cc. F.':.r ally! '3 C'roke down an\1 said that ha sr1w t .1 f' une inc .... c ~nt n:::::;::;;- b ~ <. lno-J·aDH..t).E:Q:J utl tls-2rout in l a.~{, lJ·L' ~l .. er._ w .... s3 _..,:,.:·>:;e ::s ..... ttn·u! ~r"iner e soldiers wr"'o w~re tw.de to kneel .jowx::. L· v o:;eJ·taJ.n ,)o.:::.ttlon [Li.d then th• !:Ju su._.~erior priv~Jtos f.:tOJJ a 'll ~~.a.spo1·t Ul'1 1. t; V'l l;• ceer,·o. a. <3 proceedecl to cbot) ofl' thB Leads o:f' t.b.e Cu~n<..;se . ':...L ... s v,•u~ du:.a ln. ~ field and. abo·:...t 20 or 5 J oersons saw it . }'Or! rumarked tLat :many soldlcn•s didn't like ito

J·o·;,r considered Grr_-,!lt <ri tain a country of en'GL.:.o.on \ shinshin no ku.n1). ..L:: int ... ~rpretation of the nglo­JapanetH3 dl.fi.:c lties is t1~tl- ~.:.H.~land didn't have to .f'igrt .Ta a.n but :..;ue to Lor· t~eat·y w.:.th tntt A:.L~ed n~tlona (jooyaku no kagen) England had to figLt the Axis count.:.ies.

-8-

Color Control Patches Green Yellow Red Magenta White

.Pik eons ider·ed Rua s 1a the "problem" nation" (mondai no :k:unl). ne knew -cb.::•t hussia wa.~ fighting Germany and tb!lt Ja~sn wus f'igbt lng in the '::.W ?ac1f1c; th(n~e, 11 tha trend 1s 1n1.dll. 11 .1 us~Jia. ae~iros !fa1 chukuo (Roshie t·;e .... a LCLttkuo wo r~eggtte 1 ) l"' ·~ ' ru , .:._~,"i .9aJ.a.

Axis: .·)·~~ knows that th.: re is an illiru~ce be. tweer: Jup· it u .d · ... ~n:v { n.:. ch1 doku. dome~) • tn ... t h~ cnr!.ldn tt sa:' w ... ether 0r n~t str·.:.LJ.g 1ornany Wot...ld lose It

'::ar; f')~. thl:r'.ks the rJ<.~r wi l.l end n a st$lomat,e, th·At it w111 C0l'Jtinue 1111t~.1 oll t1\B ·oJU~lv:e1es i'rlv0lv d got t!.r·e_d o~· .t!'e w~r nnd '1• .... t. {:cuta..:ur ·te yamuru). . .. e tl.inks that all th. st:.>:· 'n._:ne.tiCJr:.s '.'7111 l,.._::~t. until i;b::t er.,c~ Y.r ... etl1er thei:.>cis to be a sta.ler2ate 01· Hot. .Je ~a.rsouall_t .•opt-3cJ tLtJ war· •Jo .... ld end as S()t"n as poss ... ble (: n~') e..a .-1&.;U~l::. sa .~.t .a_y•a Joi).

rr '9 ~'lL~r::.t: '{)\1 ES.id t 1!At t::l") t:r•eat:nent r.o ba5 l·ecc:·:~c !.,f) C;:.~tc '· s b.10rla1rri, ht. Sir:ce f.e :;a.r-~ llel!e~:ed pur-t of tl 0 ~un onder· lee,flct Le ~~.aci .::e,"~l near 1 ~·itkJ ... ina., he said that l'·is :::.xl'Jt.-..Lnt. ~()ILs ¥.cp,~ a~co1·c' !-~-.; t') ·crat, a:r.-:1 he found t:i·e t.r·~at1:ent ~:q1.::.te ,,:_:: "..~! Li:tem. to clan' t. t;4.1l!ls. v "~ ._ t .0 Alliad s·:h ie1·s would mis-:··· !!t • .:. .• .Jscau.sa 11 ~r;n't •. e all hu.mar:trr; (rninna o .. aji uir.,_s~1). ·

.. ~ ...

Green YeUow Magenta

•

SUPl'L.'£ ~EI\IT: Reactions to '''(;! Leftflots shown to P.01~ .. ------~--------~-

' I Ja;,-::·n We.!·e be . attackoc~, P.I\"J thotlght JaPQn must be

at te ckin. t,Jo o •. n th : s point · 8~ felt; the lea..t let to be onl'\i · one-nided a.:: c:ount . l:e didn't like t !"e r·ed color flash hi ch am ouncad the bo.r,.iJ,in;, of Jaat.. - it l:llaae h1m nauseuous { 1yarash1i kauj 1) o lie aaid r1e wo ,lrJu 't l··ead t h e blacK colol•ea cha:r~a.ctara unde'!' the red 1r he Lad sa-L t.t•e lvafl~t while st.:Jl .in the Jap.&.llGt:~e Army. Be believed that ~f J~ a.r1 we.s ·bom.,ecl , that z.t±· Fol•mose. or some of' the mandated islands vt,>t'L: \f,) the t.~lac& bJmued by Alne ic ns. lh&n told that tLc Yn.:ats. works in K~·u shu. \/ ft.::; bombed, PvU>t expressed atrrazeoent and sa: c~ 1 t was the end of Japalt a ~J1Ce Yt:n\ ta. d.s the hear-t of' Ja.ran. But, !:.e .s c,c1ect, l1e cu ldn ' t believe the news unlaas he i~ a.d actually oeon .... ! i T••elf ..

..... ··~..- 8 .. l· .. i) .• .'.J.. - . -.tjll .,:TLE PR J"T ~fivtS • -----G J.rnpa1:'eu w.:t11 tw;, :.nv~.GJ on l;ov. s leaflet, .C<Jt s a id that he

p1·e15 .1· ... ed a..~.~d .tked tr is 1 e.flet ot.t ta; 1· oecause it 's oa ~ ie t' to, re-:td an~: it l n okE: :mo:z'~ lik0 a Japa!.e • c n 9t'lspaper.

I\1.~ .s11.id chat the col ox• is good and t11e lee.! let 1s nruoh bett ~;,. tr:m tl-_e 3;:!. tlah Dx·agon map wl:J.1ch :r.e thought .had too :muol: c r; lor.

PU~: sut:_,~·oFte,·l t,;hf..1t instead ot' a simple, short leaf l~t, why not produco so.methin~ ha:s.•d to la1C:e1·atand yet si1t!ple? ~itantan de m:utsukaah.i..J..) Li.._ t.h.eory ls tha t a. le!\1'1 t .b.ic~1 is ha :vd to rtutd will e voke more tL.inki:u?; on tr~e p.art of the soldier Who pic.:.c$ up ru1o r')~t:.'s it. ~s-uallj the soldier i·L .. brin_g the 1ea:fl t uo to someone w~~·) .l•;L.!.. be~ a ~ le. to explain 1t Go bim. Along trw same lines, ~ J\1'1 sl)gn·estea bhat l~Ht.flets WJ. t n puz<~le dz•awi11gs w-ould . att:'n st 1 ... ch .a t..i- e n tior .. a~;:on t !:e soloiet·s.

_,- i !lltu SU£ <:}: .... ea t nat the t~.rec pr·!"m ry aolors (san. gen{;~hoku.) red, :allow and blt.e, be u~ed in the leaf'lots since they ill appeal to any :J ldier.

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