Patakarang Sosyal at Kultural na

Sistema ng Espanya sa

Pilipinas

EDUCATIONEducation in the Philippines during the Spanish era was not open to all Filipinos.

The Spanish had absolutely no intention of training the natives for eventual independence and self-governance.

Some schools were exclusively established for education of some Spanish nationals and people who belonged to the upper social and economic class of society.

The educational system was controlled by the friars through different religious orders. • Augustinians (1565)• Franciscans (1577)• Jesuits (1581)• Dominicans (1587)• Recollects (1606)

Dominicans:• University of Sto. Tomas -

oldest pontifical university of the Philippines was founded in 1611.

• Colegio de San Juan de Letran – founded 1630

• Colegio de San Jose – 1601

Founded by other religious educational institutions:• Colegio de Sta. Potenciana – 1589• Colegio de Sta. Isabel – 1632• College of La Concordia – 1869• Assumption Convent – 1892

UST

1863 – Spanish government enacted and implemented an educational reform to improve the state education.

• Establishment of at least one primary school for boys and one for girls in every town.

• Normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits to prepare future schoolmasters

• Free instruction in the primary level for both boys and girls

• Compulsory teaching of Spanish

Boy’s Colleges• Colegio Maximo de San Ignacio(1586) became a university by 1621• Collge of San Idelfonso (University of San Carlos) – sole secondary

school outside Manila• College of San Jose (1601) opened with only 13 students

College of san Ignacio has two kinds training:

• Priesthood• General secondary education

Curriculum included:• Latin, philosophy, canon and civil

law, rhetoric. Teaching of mathematics and science were neglected.

Classes• Held daily Monday –Saturday, except Sundays and holidays• 5 ½ hours. 7-10 AM and 2:30-5 PM • During summer months of April-June: 7-11 AM

SubjectsChristian Doctrine, morality and sacred history (taught by parish priests), general geography and Spanish history, agriculture, rules of courtesy, vocal music and Spanish language.

Girlsstudied sewing in lieu of agriculture, geography and Spanish culture.

Students are not allowed to speak in their own language.

Parents who did not send their

children to school were finedone-half to two reales.

Education was free only for poor students whose parent’s income was duly certified by the town gobernadorcillo and approved by the parish priests.

Wealthy parents paid moderate sum monthly.

Propagandalists• Educated people like Rizal bewailed the

defects of the educational system implemented in the country. He believed that “the cause of the backwardness and the ignorance is the lack of means of education, the vice that afflicts us from the beginning until the end of our careers.”

Authorities cannot provide:• Simple books on morality, geography and agriculture of the

Philippines in the native language• Lack of school buildings – temporary to permanent: barracks, jail,

townhall, parish house, or any other houses

Lack of motivation to study: -JP Rizal“The Spirit of emulation is not awakened in him because at the very beginning that humiliate him with the beatings in the sight of his companions; he is not encouraged by any prize or reward because there is none; he find no please in what he is studying, itself sterile, but it becomes more sterile and ingrateful from the moment he realizes its usefulness because neither does he understand it not find anything to reward his sacrifices.”

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RELIGION• The use of cross minimized

the use of the sword as a means to enforce Spanish rule.

• The easy conquest of Philippines was attributed primarily to the missionaries.

Islam has the strong influence with the Filipinos. The natives found that their native religion had certain similarities with the foreign religion so they still accepted it. The natives in the highlands who practiced Animism easily adjusted to the new faith.

•Monotheistic worship•Share historical connections of Islam and Christianity

Roman Catholic values their beliefs, principles, or teachings. It is through these beliefs or teachings that they base their practices. Councils, committees, or governing assemblies, decide upon doctrines. In the case of Catholics, the government of the Vatican has decreed their doctrines. That means they are subject to (and have implemented) change.

Basic practices (or traditions) vary within the Body of Christ. But the foundation of each Christian denomination is the same. God's divine Word is the blueprint for all Christian faith.

The Catholic Church proclaims these doctrines• Teaching that Jesus is the Son of God sent to die for the sins of

the world• God is a triune God, consisting of God the Father, Jesus the Son,

and the Holy Ghost.• In accepting Jesus and serving Him, believers are granted life

eternal.• Members must accept the church as having the fullness of

revelation, and according to Roman Catholic catechism is the only Christian body that is "holy, universal and apostolic"

• Apostolic succession is key in the faith, saying that the pope and bishops have varying degrees of authority from Jesus.

• Penance and the Eucharist are required at least once a year

ARTS AND LITERATURE

The Spanish missionaries destroyed everything they considered belonging to the devil and replaced them with their own thoecentric literatures. They introduced the art of printing with the aim of converting the Filipinos.

Many of the early Filipino nationalists were masters of the Spanish language, such as Jose Rizal, Juan Luna, Andres Bonifacio, etc.

Books include Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Poems include "Filipinas" by Juan Luna which later became our national anthem (originally sung in Spanish).

LiteratureMost writings are religious manuscripts.• Cenaculo• Comedia de capa y espada-

cloak and dagger play• Moro-moro – melodrama depicted the victor

of Christionas over the Muslims.• Awit at Corrido – metrical romances• Passion – narrative in verse in the life of Christ

Visual artsimagenes, santoses, jewelry

Folk artsKaluskos or whittled bamboo arch decorations, moriones, combs, palaspas, parols, pastillas wrappers, colorful art presentation in foods like atsara and sapin-sapin

PaintingBefore, it was primarily for religious purposes. In 1773, painting was already secularized wherein painters are now free to practice their art outside the church.

MusicPracticed Hispanic music and western instruments such as the organ, piano, harp, guitar.

Other Spanish contributions:

Spanish Language• No intention of teaching but natives leaned it by ear.• Silya, libro, mesa, kutsilyo, kobyertos, bisita

Gregorian Calendar• Western method of keeping and counting time

Newspaper Publication• Printing the first book was the publication of the first newspaper, the

Del Superior Gobierno on August 8, 1811

Forms of entertainment• Horse racing, bullfighting, theatres