pastoralist education in dertu: challenges, milestones, lessons learnt and way forward by ahmed m....
TRANSCRIPT
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Pastoralist Education in Dertu: Challenges, Milestones, Lessons Learnt and Way Forward
By
Ahmed M. Mohamed, Abdi S. Mohamed, Maurice W. Barasa and Nikki Spicer
March 2009
Supported by the Government of Japan
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• Dertu: 100 km north of Garissa (Fig. 1) • Dertu is close to Dadaab refugee camp that accommodates 250,000 refugees• Livelihood the pastoral Kenyan Somalis is based mainly on livestock – camel, sheep, goats and cattle• Estimated population of 6,000• Area: 750 km2
• Soil: sandy, sandy clay• Transport: mainly camels and donkeys• Energy: mainly firewood• There is one dispensary, livestock market, a borehole, many silting water pans, a primary school & a mobile school
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Fig. 1 Map of project area
Dertu MVP
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ORIGINAL CHALLENGES
• Widespread (over 90%) illiteracy & inadequate knowledge on importance of education
• Western-style education not priority. Children rear livestock, a risky venture due impact of climate change
• Low school enrollment (ages 5-18) – - 13% enrollment (376 of estimated 3,000) compared to 18% in North East Kenya (SID 2004)
• High school dropout rates 18-20% especially girl child
• Poverty – over 80% of Dertu residents received food aid
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• Pastoral lifestyle – means shift by pastoralists and children to far pastures in very dry seasons away from school for long period, at times 3-4 months
• Long distance to school – one primary school in cluster
• Lack of boarding facilities (dormitories, dining hall)
• Inadequate number of teachers
• Inadequate classroom/offices & dilapidated classrooms
• Collapse of school water and sanitation systems
• Roaming livestock and wildlife interrupting on-going class lessons
• Inadequate resources
CONT. OF ORIGINAL CHALLENGES
Collapsed school pit latrine
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MILESTONES
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2006 2007 2008
Dertu Mobile School Enrolment
Dertu Primary School (Sedentary) Enrolment
• Increased school enrollment: 374 (2006) to 921(2008) (Fig. 2) inclusive of the mobile school. Monthly sensitization during health outreach campaigns and launch of the mobile school has contributed to the increase
• Reduced dropout: Unlike 2006 when 70 children dropped out of school, only eight pupils dropped out in 2007/8
Fig. 2 Enrolment in Dertu 2006 - 2008
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MILESTONES
Mobile School
• Teacher - pupil ratio is 1:273. The teacher also teaches a semi-permanent cluster with 119 children with support of another teacher employed by local member of parliament. Girls form 36% of the children
• Project provided teacher with bicycle, camel, D-light, teaching materials, metallic box for storage, mobile phone & airtime of US $25/month
• ECD, Standards 1 & 2, Adult Education
Mobile teacher, his camel & phone
A mobile class under temporary shelter
A mobile adult class
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MILESTONES
• Support to school feeding program
• Water and Sanitation
• Dug pit two latrines
• Classroom Rehabilitation
• School fencing
Support to feeding program
Fenced school compound & fixed metallic gates
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MILESTONES
• Empower girl child, teachers and mothers in the use of sanitary pads
• Trained/facilitated teachers & School Management Committee in management of schools, community mobilization, mobile school, use of internet & computer, and HIV/AIDS
Training girls in use of pads
Giving sanitary towels to head teacher
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• Support school with learning and games materials
• Solar electrified four classes (5,6,7 & 8) to promote night learning and reduce impact of understaffing
• Mobilized partners including Government and obtained three more teachers in two years
School books and playing balls
Dertu primary school football team
MILESTONES
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MILESTONES
• Support school in mobile network and internet since 8th May 2008
Two Sony Ericsson phones to the head teacher and mobile teacher, respectively. Both are topped up by Zain @ US $25 per month
The school has internet service and on monthly basis topped up by Zain as above
Because of network coverage pupils can easily communicate with their pastoral parents
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MILESTONES
Boys dormitory (constructed by MVP)
Girls dormitory (constructed UNICEF upon MVP request)
• Constructed two dormitories (for girls & boys) with hundred bed capacity. 100 boys & girls already using the facilities
• 100 LLITN bed nets provided for pupils sleeping in dormitories
• Restocked the school with 40 goats and sheep for income generation – 30 goats from project and 10 sheep and goats (shoats) from parents. School management committee (SMC) under the supervision of the head teacher are responsible for the animals
Education Facilitator – MVP Dertu handing over 40 shoats to chairman SMC
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LESSONS LEARNT AND WAY FORWARD
• Partnerships with all stakeholders
• Female teachers promote girls enrollment and boosts parents’ confidence to have girls in boarding
• Pastoralists are more than willing to take their children to school • Promote motivation and morale for mobile teachers - diversify transport and communication • Mobile school calendar cannot follow the conventional calendar
• Mobile network is the heart of education in pastoral areas. Its availability is paramount