pasar persaingan sempurna
TRANSCRIPT
Pasar Persaingan Sempurna(Perfect Competitive Market)
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Ciri Pasar Persaingan Sempurna
1. Banyak pembeli dan penjual (large number of buyers and sellers)
2. Price taker
3. Bebas keluar – masuk (free entry and free exit)
4. Produk homogen (Product homogeinity)
5. Informasi sempurna (Perfect information)
2Perfect Market | Abd. Jamal
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Keuntungan Ekonomi vs Akuntansi
• Economic profit = sales revenue – economic cost (termasuk opportunity costs)
• Accounting profit = sales revenue – accounting costs
3Perfect Market | Abd. Jamal
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contoh
• Pendapatan usaha : Rp 1.000.000,-
• Biaya yang dikeluarkan : Rp 800.000,-
• Opportunity cost karena kegiatan lain : Rp250.000,-
– Accounting profit : Rp 1.000.000 – Rp 800.000 = Rp 200.000
– Economic profit : Rp Rp 1.000.000 – Rp 800.000 –Rp 250.000 = Rp -50.000 (rugi)
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contoh
• Asumsi:
– Perusahaan X satu dari 1000 perusahaan sejenis
– Kurva permintaan (d) yang dihadapi horizontal, karenavariasi outputnya tidak berpengaruh besar kepadaoutput dan harga pasar
– Harga pasar tidak dapat diubah oleh satu perusahaan
• Kurva permintaan yang elastis sempurnamenunjukkan banyak barang substitusi
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Kurva Permintaan dalam Competitive Market
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P
30
P
0 0
30
Perusahaan XPasar/industri
d
D
S
15 15.000 Q (ribu)Q
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Keuntungan Jangka Pendek
Q P TR TC TVC ATC AVC /Q MC MR Ket
0 12 0 15 0 - - -15 - - -
1 12 12 25 10 25 10 -13 -13 10 12
2 12 24 33 18 16,5 9 -9 -4,5 8 12
3 12 36 40 25 13,3 8,3 -4 -1,3 7 12
4 12 48 46 31 11,5 7,8 2 0,5 6 12
5 12 60 54 39 10,8 6 6 1,2 8 12
6 12 72 63 48 10,5 8,3 9 1,5 9 12
7 12 84 73 58 10,4 8,7 11 1,57 10 12
8 12 96 84,9 69,9 10,6 9,2 11,1 1,39 11,9 12
9 12 108 98 83 10,9 9,8 10 1,25 13,1 12
10 12 120 113 98 11,3 10,6 7 0,7 15 12
11 12 132 132 117 12 10,6 0 0 19 12Perfect Market | Abd. Jamal 7
MC<MR
MR=MC
MC>MR
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Perfect Market | Abd. Jamal 8
0
TFC
-TFC
Q
P
Q0 Q1 Q28
A
B
MR = P = 12
Kurva Total TRTC
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Perfect Market | Abd. Jamal 9
0Q
P
Q18
MC AC
12
10,6
MR = AR = PD
CB
A
Kurva per Unit
Total Profit
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Perfect Market | Abd. Jamal 10
0Q
P
Q1
MC
AC
12 MR = AR = PD
CB
A
Kurva per Unit
Total Losses
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0Q
P
Q1
MC
AC
12 MR = AR = PD
CB
A
Kurva per Unit
Total Losses
AVC
E F
Jangka pendek Masih dapat operasi, karena AVC masih tertutupi
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Perfect Market | Abd. Jamal 12
0Q
P
Q1
MC AC
12 MR = AR = PD
Kurva per Unit
Break-Even
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Perfect Market | Abd. Jamal 13
0Q
P
Q1
MC
AVC8 MR1 = AR1 = P1
B
Short-run Supply Curve
A
C12
5
Q2Q0
Under Rp 5, firm will be better off shutting-downThick line of MC is short-run supply curve
MR2 = AR2 = P2
MR0 = AR0 = P0
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Perfect Market | Abd. Jamal 14
0 Q
P
Q
P1
Short-run Industry Supply Curve
P0
Q’
Setiap perusahaan memaksimumkan profit pada MC = PSupply industri (SS) penjumlahan supply ketiga perusahaan (garis merah)
SS
D
D’
P2
P
P3
QA QCQB
MCAMCCMCB
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• Shut down point harga P0
• Harga P0 hanya perusahaan C yang berproduksi
• Hanya ada output C di pasar sampai harga P1
• Pada harga P1, A mulai berproduksi
• Pada harga P2, B baru mulai berproduksi
• Pada harga P output di pasar sebanyak Q (QA + QB + QC) kurva supply SS
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Perfect Market | Abd. Jamal 16
0Q
P
Q2
LMCSMC
12 MR = AR = PB
A
Long-run Profit Maximization
LAC
FG
Jangka panjang, keuntungan maksimum pada P = MC kotak AEFGJumlah output = Q3 pada harga 12Pada harga 7, output Q2 profit nol (zero economic profit)
SAC
7
ED
C
MR’ = AR’ = P’H
Q3Q1
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