pasado: potrok aike maar lake sediment archive drilling project
TRANSCRIPT
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PASADO:Potrok Aike maar lake Sediment ArchiveDrilling project
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Laguna Potrok Aike (southern Patagonia, Argentina)
the site of the ICDP lake drilling project
Bernd Zolitschka, Flavio Anselmetti, Daniel Ariztegui, Hugo Corbella, Pierre Francus, Andreas Lücke, Nora Maidana,
Christian Ohlendorf, Frank Schäbitz, Stefan Wastegard
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Southern Hemisphere
LGM
PTA
Laguna Potrok Aike (PTA) is climatically influenced by:• El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)• Antarctic Oscillation (Polar Easterlies)• Southern Hemispheric Westerlies
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Lago Argentino
Lago Cardiel
SouthernPatagonia
Lago Viedma
Crater lakes of the
Pali AikeVolcanic Field
SouthernPatagonia
South America
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Volcanological map of the Pali Aike Volcanic Field
Zolitschka et al., 2006(Scientific Drilling)
Laguna Potrok Aike
Age of the backarc volcanism:
Pliocene to Holocene(3.8-0.01 Ma)
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Lag
un
a P
otr
ok
Aik
e
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LANDSAT 7, BANDAS 5,4,1 DEL 04/10/99
Lan
dsa
t im
ages
fro
m E
. M
azzo
ni e
t al
.
Precipitation: 153.1 mm
LANDSAT 7, BANDAS 5,4,1 DEL 26/09/02
Precipitation: 325,6 mm
Hydrological variability
INTA meteo station
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Lake level changes
21 m
8.8 m
0 m = PDLL
-35 m
Glacial? overflow:21 m above PDLLLittle Ice Age:8.8 m above PDLL
PDLL: present day lake level
8.7 – 7.3 cal. BP:35 m below PDLL
Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)
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Laguna Potrok Aike is hydrologically sensitive Seismic (3.5 kHz) and sedimentological evidence of a lake level low stand, i.e. a hydrological
extreme event, at the submerged -35 m lake level terrace
7300 cal. BP
44,800 BP
Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)
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Highest lake level terrace; geomorphological evidence of an outflow;sedimentological evidence of a non-end-lake situation
21 m higherPre-Holocene
Dated submerged lake level terrace
36,8 m lower~7300 cal. BP
Dated lake level terrace9,0 m higherLittle Ice Age(19th century)
Measurements3,5 m lowerAD 2002
MeasurementsReference levelAD 2006
EvidencesLake level changesYear
Observed hydrological variations
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Laguna Potrok Aike
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Our vision
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http://www.icdp-online.de
Recovering sediments of up to several hundred meters was scheduled for September to November 2008
GLAD800 Deep drilling
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Time frame of PASADO in perspective
0 200 400 600 800Age (ka BP)
EPICA community members, 2004
PTADome C
Marine record
Vostok
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Potrok Aike maar lake Sediment ArchiveDrilling project (PASADO)
is funded by:
is co-funded by:
International funding
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Felder & Harms 2004
Schematic structure of the Tertiary Messel Maar (Germany) with:
• lacustrine sediments
• volcano-clastic sediments
• diatreme breccia
• basaltic vent
Development of a maar
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Comparison of Messel with Laguna Potrok Aike
Pirrung et al., 2003Schulze et al., 2005
Gebhardt et al., subm.
N-S seismic reflection profile
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Focus B:1. Earth history2. Global environment 3. Climate change
PASADO has two priorities
Focus A:1. Lithosphere dynamics2. Volcanic systems
Investigation of the Cenozoic back arc volcanism, phreatomagmatic formation and analysis of early sedimentation in a young maar diatreme and its volcanic history.
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Climate reconstruction spanning several glacial cycles (the last 770 ka) based on
1. Monitoring approach to understand and quantify links between climatic and environmental forcing on the sedimentary record.
2. Multi-proxy approach combining different proxy parameters for quantitative climate reconstruction.
3. Modelling approach applying model-proxy intercomparisons to understand and quantify climatic processes and the links between climate variability and climatic forcing.
4. Inter-archive approach to link this lacustrine record with South Atlantic marine sediment records and with Antarctic ice cores.
Focus B
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~600 m
The potential of Laguna Potrok Aikeprior to drilling
19 m 1 m
last 16,000 years
last glacial cycles+
diatreme breccia
GLAD-800
diatreme- bedrock
transition
last millennium
Diatreme flank
~400 m
Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)
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New techniques need to be applied and international scientific cooperation as well as funding is necessary to recover more than the intended 450 m of lacustrine sediments from 100 m deep Laguna Potrok Aike.
This calls into action:
Drilling, Observation and
Sampling of the Earth’s
Continental Crust
International Continental Scientific Drilling
Program
&
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The active PIs of PASADOPASADO workshop 2006
• Bernd Zolitschka1, GER• Flavio Anselmetti, CH• Daniel Ariztegui2, CH• Hugo Corbella4, ARG• Pierre Francus, CAN
Missing on this group photo are:
FlavioAnselmetti
and
Pierre Francus
• Andreas Lücke6, GER• Nora Maidana7, ARG• Christian Ohlendorf8, GER• Frank Schäbitz9, GER• Stefan Wastegard10, SWE
1
2
4
6
7
8
9
10
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PASADO project design
Completed in 2008
To come in 2010 and later
Started in June 2009
Ongoing, completed in 2009
Ongoing
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Reality:Report about the field work
in 2008 and first data
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Mobilisation: Only after two weeks of delay trucks were able to drive to
Laguna Potrok Aike…
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… and finally were unloaded near the lake!
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In the meantime the camp* was set up
*Potrok City
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The „Launcher“ almost ready to go!
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Trucks, winches, crane, forklift:most welcome help during the process of launching
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With a delay of one month the platform was operational
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Drilling was carried out at
these sites
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Almost exclusively the Hydraulic Piston Corer (HPC) was used…
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… to recover 533 m of sedimentswith a mean recovery rate of 94.3 %.
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MSCL at work in the field laboratory
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Sedimentology section of the field laboratory
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Pore water sampling in the field laboratory
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Distress at lake
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Drilling summary
• Drilling time applied for: 60 days
• Potential drilling time on the lake: 34 days
• Total hole depth applied for: 1850 m
• Realised total hole depth: 533 m
• Drilling time applied for: 60 days
• Total hole depth applied for: 1850
• Drilling time applied for: 60 days
• Potential drilling time on the lake: 34 days– Actual drilling days: 12
– Weather-related downtime: 16 days
– Downtime for technical reasons: 6 days
• Total hole depth applied for: 1850 m
• Realised total hole depth: 533 m
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100 m
What we have achieved after field work was over…
19 m 1 m
last 16,000 years
last ≈100,000 years
GLAD-800
last millennium
Diatreme flank
Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)
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Ultimate goals of Ultimate goals of PASADOPASADO: well dated multi-proxy quantitative climate
reconstructions in combination with a climate-model intercomparison
• Several „absolute“ dating methods (AMS 14C, Ar/Ar, OSL) will be applied in combination with stratigraphic „dating“ methods (tephra, pollen, paleomagnetic intensity) multiple dating approach
• Quantitative climate reconstructions:– First results are available for pollen transfer functions– Establishment of training sets is ongoing for chironomid and diatom
transfer functions– Tests have been successfully carried out for biomarker (TEX86)
• Proxy-model intercomparisons evaluated proxy-based hypotheses with GCM climate simulations applying regional climate modelling
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Scientific goals
• Microbial activity (deep biosphere)• Provenance of organic and minerogenic sediments• Volcanic activity• Dust storm frequency• Occurrences of natural fires• Variations of the Earth‘s magnetic field• Evolution of the lacustrine ecosystem• Water balance • Quantitative and qualitative climate parameters• Temporal and regional variability of Southern Hemispheric
Westerlies
Core opening started in March 2009 and will continue throuhghout the year. Based on a precise chronology we will obtain data and reconstructions about:
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Information about PASADO is available in the world wide web
• PASADO project homepage:http://www.pasado.uni-bremen.de
• ICDP homepage: http://www.icdp-online.org or
http://www.icdp-online.org/contenido/icdp/front_content.php?idcat=722
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Coring conditionsVielen Dank!
Merci beaucoup!Muchísimas gracias!
Thank you for your attention!
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Merci beaucoup!Muchísimas gracias!
Thank you for your attention!
Vielen Dank!