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Part I: Definition and History

The vernier caliper is used to gain an additional digit of accuracy in length measurements compared to a simple ruler.

A convenient tool to use when measuring the length of an object, the outer diameter of a round or cylindrical object, the inner diameter of a pipe, and the depth of a hole.

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A vernier caliper consists of an L-shaped member with a scale engraved on the long shank . A sliding member is free to move on the bar and carries a jaw that matches the arm of the L. The vernier scale is engraved on a small plate that is attached to the sliding member.

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A common tool used in laboratories and industries to accurately determine the fraction part of the least count division.

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The concept of vernier scale was invented by Portuguese mathematician, Pedro Nunes. Hence vernier scale is also called as nonius at some parts of the world.

In its current form vernier caliper was introduced in 1631 by Pierre Vernier of France

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Part II: Types of Vernier Caliper

Basic / Standard Vernier Caliper

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Digital Vernier Caliper

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Dial Vernier Caliper

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Part III: Parts and Definition

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Fixed Jaw• Non-movable part of the vernier

caliper• Keeps work piece in place and

stable for accurate measurement

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Movable Jaw• Consists of Vernier Scale

(Nonius) for Imperial and Metric Reading

• Serve as a marker for identifying objects measurement

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Movable Jaw• Consists of Vernier Scale

(Nonius) for Imperial and Metric Reading

• Serve as a marker for identifying objects measurement

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Outside Jaws• Use for Measuring external

lengths of an object

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Thumb Lever• Use to adjust the movable jaw to

close the caliper touching the Workpiece

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Main Beam / Bar • A Fixed Ruler• Where the Main scale (Metric

and English) is engraved

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Vernier Scale• Use to indicate fractional

divisions of the main scale

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Depth Measuring Blade• used to measure depths of an

object or a hole

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Locking Screw• Use to lock movable jaw to

allow easy transferring of a measurement

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Locking Screw

Depth Measuring Blade

Vernier Scale

Main Beam / Bar

Movable Jaw

Fixed Jaw

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Part II: Uses of Vernier Caliper

The upper set of jaws on the caliper can be used to measure inside dimensions, such as the diameter of holes on a piece of wood or metal.

Can also be used to measure inside dimension of holes with different shapes, e.g. square, rectangular, cylindrical, or hexagonal. Lastly, the upper jaws can be used to measure the distance between 2 objects.

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Workpiece

Inside Jaw

Outside dimensions include the outer diameter of a cylinder and total length of an object.

The outer diameter of cylindrical objects can be measured by simply clamping the lower jaws of the caliper around the object.

The caliper can also measure the length or width of an object by placing the object between the caliper’s jaws.

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Workpiece Outside Jaw

The Vernier caliper has a depth probe on the rear part. This probe can be extended from the edge of the hole to the other end of the hole. With the depth probe, one can measure the precise depth of a hole in any piece of wood or metal.

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Workpiece

Depth Measuring Blade

1. Store calipers in separate containers provided.2. Keep graduations and markings on all calipers

clean and legible.3. Do not drop any caliper. Small nicks or scratches

can cause inaccurate measurements.4. Protect caliper points from damage.

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Being true, correct and exact

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The ability of a measurement to be consistently reproduced

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