PARTS OF A SENTENCEMr. Morton is the subject of the sentence, and what the predicate says, he does!

WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

• A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

• A sentence can be a statement, a question, a command, a wish, or an explanation.

• Every complete sentence contains a subject and a predicate.

PARTS OF A SENTENCE

• A sentence MUST have:● Subject

• Simple• Compound

● Predicate• Simple• Compound

• A sentence CAN have:● Direct object● Indirect object

WHAT IS A SUBJECT?

• The subject is who or what is doing the action in the sentence.● Jill went to the mall.

• The subject of a sentence is never in a prepositional phrase.

• Sometimes the subject of a sentence is the hidden pronoun “you.”● Go to the office!

WHAT IS A SIMPLE SUBJECT?

• A simple subject is when there is one subject doing the action of the sentence.

• The car sped past.● Car is the simple subject.

• The cat ran.● Cat is the simple subject.

• Dan walked outside.● Dan is the simple subject.

• Stacy can’t sing.● Stacy is the simple subject.

SIMPLE SUBJECTS

• I ran away.● I is a simple subject.

• We like coffee.● We is a simple subject

• She kissed a frog.● She is a simple subject

• Do you like flowers?● You is a simple subject.

• Please pass the carrots and celery.● You is the simple subject.

WHAT IS THE SIMPLE SUBJECT?

• The bathroom tiles are fuzzy with mold.• Ron’s bathroom is a disaster.• The big, green, hungry Martian ate lunch. • The students gossiped. • Darcey sang for the class. • During his biology lab, Tommy danced on

the table.• The speeding hotrod crashed into a

telephone pole.

WHAT IS A COMPOUND SUBJECT?

• A compound subject is when there is more than one subject doing the action.

• Kelly and Becky hate cupcakes.● Kelly and Becky is the compound subject.

• Fabio and Jack ran to the house.● Fabio and Jack is the compound subject.

• My brother and sister watched TV.● Brother and sister is the compound subject.

• The cat and bunny ate the grass.● Cat and bunny is the compound subject.

COMPOUND SUBJECTS

• Judy and her dog run on the beach every morning.● Judy and dog is the compound subject.

• Her uncle and she walked through the mall.● Uncle and she is the compound subject.

• Jenny and Marsha gasped at the large spider.● Jenny and Marsha is the compound subject.

WHAT IS THE COMPOUND SUBJECT?

• Did you and Debby go out for breakfast?• The flowers and rocks are blue.• Sam and Bill wore the same shirt.• Pennants, posters and photographs covered

the boy’s walls.• Dad and I enjoy carrots. • Dogs and cats never get along.• Shelia and Randy skated home.

REVIEW: WHAT IS A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE?

• A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun.● The noun or pronoun in a prepositional phrase is the

object of the preposition. • Prepositional phrases contain nouns that aren’t

the subject of the sentence.• The subject of a sentence will never be in a

prepositional phrase. ● Sarah went to the bank. ● The cat sat by the door. ● She smiled in the picture. ● Read to the end of the book.● On the floor, the mess spread. ● Let’s meet after class.

CROSS OUT THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE AND CIRCLE THE SUBJECT.

• She walked with her dog.• I went to school.• Brenda left after her mother. • The car crashed through the guardrail.• After lunch, Grandpa’s teeth dropped into a

glass.• We traveled to Biloxi.• Under the table, the dog shivered.• Who wants to go with me?• I can’t complete the report without the

information.

WHAT IS A PREDICATE?

• The predicate tells the action of the sentence.

• It must contain a verb.• A predicate must have an action or existence

verb. • A predicate is needed for a complete

sentence.• The predicate is the verb or verb phrase that

tells what the subject is doing or being.• Mr. Morton talked to his cat.

● Mr. Morton is the subject and talked is the predicate.

• Mr. Morton was very lonely.● Mr. Morton is the subject and was is the

predicate.

COMPLETE PREDICATES

• Complete predicates include everything in the sentence after the subject.

• Complete predicates are divided into simple predicates and compound predicates.

• They named their daughter Natasha.● The complete predicate is named their

daughter Natasha.

• This eight-legged pest is related to the tick and the spider.● The complete predicate is is related to the tick

and the spider.

COMPLETE PREDICATES

• Identify the complete predicate to be able to identify the simple or compound predicate.

• The creatures leave tiny waste droppings in your bed.● The complete predicate is leave tiny waste

droppings in your bed.• This bloodthirsty bug belongs to the insect

class.● The complete predicate is belongs to the insect

class.• A bedbug may grow to a length of a quarter

of an inch.● The complete predicate is may grow to a length

of a quarter of an inch.

WHAT IS A SIMPLE PREDICATE?

• A simple predicate consists of only a verb or verb phrase.

• The simple predicate is always the verb or verbs that link with the subject.

• The predicate is something the subject does. • The predicate is either an action verb or

existence verb. • The glacier melted.

● Melted is a simple predicate.

• The glacier has been melting.● Has been melting is a simple predicate.

SIMPLE PREDICATES

• Judy runs.● Runs is the simple predicate.

• The audience littered the theatre floor with popcorn.● Littered is the simple predicate.

• A piece of pizza would satisfy his hunger.● Would satisfy is the simple predicate.

• The crickets chirped loudly.● Chirped is the simple predicate.

• Busy sparrows hopped around in the yard.● Hopped is the simple predicate.

IDENTIFY THE SIMPLE PREDICATE

• That woman is my aunt.• A puppy wandered around my room.• The car has a flat tire.• Our computer prints photographs.• Snow covered the houses and streets.• The happy, excited fans cheered.• I am typing this quiz for you.• Arnold never speaks to unfriendly polar

bears.• The weather changed drastically last week.• All our friends are at the party.

WHAT IS A COMPOUND PREDICATE?

• A compound predicate consists of two or more verbs pertaining to the same subject.

• A compound predicate tells two or more things about the same subject.

• She walked and admired the sculptures.● Walked and admired is the compound

predicate.• The glacier slid and crushed the buildings.

● Slid and crushed is the compound predicate.• The car slowed and finally stopped.

● Slowed and stopped is the compound predicate.• The traffic light flashed and then turned red.

● Flashed and turned is the compound predicate.

COMPOUND PREDICATES

• My brother bruised and broke his finger. ● Bruised and broke is the compound predicate.

• The three of us whispered, pointed and made notes.● Whispered, pointed and made is the compound

predicate.

• Mother mopped and scrubbed the kitchen floor.● Mopped and scrubbed is the compound

predicate.

• Uncle Bob looked and asked for directions.● Looked and asked is the compound predicate.

WHAT ARE THE COMPOUND PREDICATES?

• Jan jumped on her bike and rode around the block.

• He finished the problem and raised his hand.

• The soldiers carried and used guns.• Our babysitter overslept and arrived late.• My mother and her friends cooked and

chatted for hours.

UNDERLINE THE COMPLETE PREDICATE

• We spilled popcorn on the floor.• Joey and Billy were going to the movies.• His broken leg will heal in three months. • The sun is moving.• Max wrote the letter. • He ran and jumped over the hurdle.• Mandy hurried in the office and went to her

desk.• The last candidate presented and bored the

audience.

Prepositional Phrases

• The simple or compound predicate never will be in a prepositional phrase.

• Cross out the prepositional phrases to find the simple or compound predicate.

Cross Out Prepositional Phrases and Find Simple or Compound Predicates

• She walked with her dog.• I went to school.• Brenda left after her mother. • The car crashed through the

guardrail.• After lunch, Grandpa’s teeth dropped

into a glass.• We traveled to Biloxi.• Under the table, the dog shivered.• Who wants to go with me?• I can’t complete the report without

the information.

WHAT IS A DIRECT OBJECT?

• A direct object is the receiver of the action in a sentence.

• Direct objects answer who or what.• Subject + Verb + Who or What= Direct Object. • Direct objects follow the action verb.• Direct objects are never in a prepositional

phrase.● Cross out the prepositional phrase to help find the

direct object.

• Zippy played soccer.● Zippy played what? Soccer.● Soccer is the direct object.

DIRECT OBJECTS

• Zippy accidentally kicked Maurice in the shin.● Zippy kicked who? Maurice.● Maurice is the direct object.

• Sylina hates biting her fingernails.● Sylina hates what? Biting.● Biting is the direct object.

• The alien locked his keys in the spaceship.● Alien locked what? Keys.● Keys is the direct object.

• I moved the table.● I moved what? Table.● Table is the direct object.

WHAT IS THE DIRECT OBJECT?

• The car hit the tree.• Mary burnt the toast.• Todd sang a song.• She closed the door.• King Arthur grabbed the sword.• Paul built a doll house for Hayley.• The club members held a party in the park.

IDENTIFY THE DIRECT OBJECT

• She liked the movie.• Watch the circus. • Tiny children prefer short stories.• Terri dialed a wrong number last night.• John wants a bicycle and a wagon for

Christmas.• Grandma left her umbrella and coat at our

house.

WHAT IS AN INDIRECT OBJECT?

• The indirect object identifies to whom, for whom or for what the action of the verb is performed.

• A sentence must have a direct object to have an indirect object.

• Subject + Verb + Direct Object + To Whom or For Whom? = Indirect Object

• James sent John the letter.● James sent letter to whom? John.● Letter is the direct object. John is the indirect

object.

WHAT IS AN INDIRECT OBJECT?

• The indirect object is something or someone that receives the direct object.

• The indirect object tells to whom or for whom something is done.

• Indirect objects are never in the prepositional phrase. ● Cross out the prepositional phrases to help find

the direct and indirect object.

• Jim built his granddaughter a sandcastle. ● Jim built sandcastle for whom? Granddaughter.● Granddaughter is the indirect object.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECTS

• Thomas paid the mechanic $200 to fix the squeaky brakes.● Thomas paid $200 to whom? Mechanic.● Mechanic is the indirect object.

• To explain the broken lamp, we told mom a lie.● We told lie to whom? Mom.● Mom is the indirect object.

• Jo-Bob sold me her boat.● Jo-Bob sold boat to whom? Me.● Me is the indirect object.

• The teacher gave the students their tests.● Teacher gave tests to whom? Students.● Students is the indirect object.

CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT?

• The instructor gave his students As.• Has your boss sent you a notice about the

next convention?• John told his tiny nephew an exciting story. • Our father built the family a redwood picnic

table.• The doctor sent me a bill for his services.• We gave my mother a book for her birthday.

WHAT IS THE INDIRECT OBJECT?

• Has Terri shown Joanne and Barbara her new ring?

• The new highway saved the travelers several miles.

• Did the workers give the spies confidential information?

• Will Jim get us tickets to the game?• I bought Ina and Jeff two big pieces of cake.