particles and fields in lobes of radio galaxies naoki isobe (nasda, maxi mission) makoto tashiro...
Post on 15-Jan-2016
216 views
TRANSCRIPT
Particles and Fields in Lobes of Radio Galaxies
Naoki Isobe (NASDA, MAXI Mission)Makoto Tashiro (Saitama Univ.)
Kazuo Makishima (Univ. of Tokyo)
Hidehiro Kaneda, Naoko Iyomoto (ISAS)
Lobes of Radio GalaxiesCygnus A (VLA 1.4 GHz)
NucleusJet
Hot Spot
Lobe
Huge electron and magnetic field energiestime-integrated information on past activities of the jets
Emission from Lobes and Physical Parameters
Radio Emission Synchrotron Radiation (SR)
Flux : FSR ∝ ueumV Index : SR
ue : energy density of electronsum : energy density of magnetic fieldsV : Volume of the Lobe
Comparing FSR and FIC
ue and um
X-ray Emission Inverse Compton (IC) Scattering by SR electrons of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photons
Flux : FIC ∝ ueuCMBV Index : IC = SR
uCMB : energy density of CMB4.1 x 10 –13 (1 + z) 4 erg cm-3
Discovery of IC X-rays from LobesFornax A (NGC 1316, Kaneda et al. 1995, Tashiro et al. 2001)
IC X-Rays
X = 0.74 ～ SR
ue=2 x 10-13 erg cm-3
um=4.6 x 10-13 erg cm-3 (B=3 G) Nearly Equipartition
20’ = 135 kpc
Discovery of IC X-rays from LobesCentaurus B (z = 0.01215, Tashiro et al. 1998)
Color : GIS 1.5 -3 keVContour : VLA 843 MHz (McAdam et al. 1991 )
ue = 2.4 x 10-12 erg cm-3
um = 3.8 x 10-13 erg cm-3
(B ～ 3 G)
Electron Dominantue / um = 6.3
10 arcmin(140 kpc)
ASCA Results4C 73.08 (z = 0.0571) NGC 612 (z = 0.0290)
Color : 0.5 – 2 keVContour : 608 MHz
5 arcmin = 300 kpc
Color : 0.7 – 3 keVContour : 843 MHz (Jones & McAdam 1992)
ue = 1.7 x 10-13 erg cm-3
um = 4.8 x 10-15 erg cm-3 ue = 4.3 x 10-13 erg cm-3
um = 2.1 x 10-14 erg cm-3
5 arcmin = 160 kpc
Chandra Results3C452 (z = 0.0811) 3C427.1
(z=0.572)
Pictor A (z = 0.0351)
Color : 0.3–7 keV, Contour : 1.4 GHz
0.3 – 7 keV
Color : 0.3 – 7 keVContour : 1.4 GHz 2 arcmin = 160 kpc
10 arcsec= 50 kpc
2 arcmin = 80 kpc
(Isobe et al. 2002 ApJL)
Chandra Results3C452 (z = 0.0811)
Thermal Comp.kT ～ 1 keV PL comp.
X = 0.65 ～ SR
IC X-rays from the SR electrons
Chandra Results3C452 (z = 0.0811) 3C427.1
(z=0.572)
Pictor A (z = 0.0351)
Color : 0.3–7 keV, Contour : 1.4 GHz
0.3 – 7 keV
Color : 0.3 – 7 keVContour : 1.4 GHz
ue=2.1 x 10-12 erg cm-3
um=7.7 x 10-14 erg cm-3
ue=3.0x10-10
erg cm-3
um=7.4x10-12
erg cm-3
ue=4.6 x 10-12 erg cm-3
um=1.3 x 10-13 erg cm-3
2 arcmin = 160 kpc
10 arcsec= 50 kpc
2 arcmin = 80 kpc
XMM-Newton ResultsCentaurus B
(Tashiro et al. in preparation)
3C 98 (z = 0.0306)
(Isobe et al. in preparation)
Color : 0.3 – 10 keVContour : 4.8 GHz
ue=5.1 x 10-12 erg cm-3
um=1.7 x 10-13 erg cm-3
2 arcmin = 70 kpc
ue and um in Radio Lobes
ue [erg cm-3]
um [
erg
cm-3]
100 G
10 G
1 G
Equipartitionue = um
ue = 100 um
ue > 10 um～
Large Lobes> 100 kpc
Small Lobes< 50 kpc
e = 103 – 105
Total Energies in Radio Lobes
Electron Energy : ueV [1058 erg]
Mag
net
ic E
ner
gy :
umV
[10
58 e
rg]
EquipartitionueV= umV
ueV = 100 umV
～ 2 orders
～2
ord
ers
Luminosity of Nucleus LX [1040 erg s-1]
Ele
ctro
n E
ner
gy u
eV [
1058
erg
]
Relation to the Nucleus –electron energy-
ueV ∝ LX
Mag
net
ic E
ner
gy u
mV
[10
58 e
rg]
Luminosity of Nucleus LX [1040 erg s-1]
Relation to the Nucleus –magnetic field-
umV seems independent of LX
(nearly constant ?)
Spatial Distribution of IC X-rays Chandra Observation
of 3C 452
X-ray Profile relatively uniformRadio Profile rim-brightening
Point Sources
Spatial Distribution of Physical Parameters
ue/um ～ 100
Equipartition
FSR
FIC∝ um
Spatial Distribution of Physical ParametersFornax A Centaurus B
Radial Profile of IC X-rays and SR radio
um /ue map
SummariesWith ASCA, Chandra and Newton, we have detected the IC X-rays from the lobes of numbers of radio galaxies, and accurately
determined ue and um in these lobes.
ue tend to dominate um typically an order of magnitude.
The electron energy, ueV, seems to be proportional to the nuclear
luminosity, although the magnetic energy, umV seems independent.
In several lobes, the electrons are relatively uniformly distributed, although the magnetic fields seem to be compressed toward the edges of the lobes.
All of these results strongly indicates that the electrons (i.e. particles) pay more important roles in the formation of the jets, and/or the evolution of the radio galaxies/lobes.
Please e-mail to [email protected]