part1-whpl presentation 8-aug-2006 · weekday comparing weekend with weekday for dsm appliances...
TRANSCRIPT
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
EnergyResearch
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Why did a consumer appliance manufacturer invest in energy management research?
• We believe energy consumption will be a cooperative effort in the future.
• To research technology issues in the energy managed home.• Learn how how we can assist consumers in managing their
energy needs in a non-intrusive manner.• To understand the consumer attitudes and expectations.
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Home Appliance Energy EfficiencyTrends 1972-2007
Annual Average kWh Usage
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
1972 1993 2000 2001 2004 2007
kWh REF
C/WD/W
RefWashDish
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Significant appliance energy efficiency gains . . . . . . are being offset by the
growth in TV, PC, entertainment and other residential devices
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
The Whirlpool view ...
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
The Energy Management Landscape
$
$ $ $
GenerationFacilityOwners
Grid Owners
State PUCs
SEC
50 States
Federal Government
$ $ Consumer
$ $ $Trade
Partner
ISO
UtilityTechnologyProviders
3316 Utilities
PowerUtility
Public UtilitiesInvestor-Owned UtilitiesRural Elec CooperativesTransmission Grid ISO/RTOGeneration FacilitiesFed-owned Power Admin (e.g. BPA)
3,316 utilitiesLabs & Special
Programs
The energy landscape(as we see it)
• many players• complex• overlapping accountabilities• conflicting motivators
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
• Growing focus on real-time-pricing, (review of TOU tariff)• Demand management is a utility industry focus area• PJM (ISO/RTO) pioneering concept of an independent
curtailment service provider• Utilities and DOE gained interest in consumer behavior issues• “Green Builder” programs gaining focus with large builders• Grid-friendly concept being piloted in the Pacific NW• 2-way communication power meter deployments
The energy landscapeTrends and directions
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
RATES: Flat, Peak, & OffPeak
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5.00
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25.00
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35.00
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50.00C
A CT
PA CA NJ
NJ
MS
NY
ME AZ
DC VT NJ
MA RI
CT MI
MI
ME
CA
DE
NY
OH IA NM SC NC FL IL FL FL IL MO AZ
PA OH
NC WI
MO
MN PA GA
CA
OR
CO TX UT
OK
MD
NH IL CO AR MI
FL WV AL
WA
MD FL NY
OR
State containing region
Pric
e pe
r kW
h
Flat Rate On Peak Off Peak
Time-of-Use Tariffs – as a form of DR
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Numerous demand management programs exist with residential installations totaling well over1,000,000 homes.
Program types include:• Electric water heater DR• Thermostat setback• Critical peak pricing – thermostat, pool pump• Water heater under-frequency and under-voltage• Voluntary consumer response (energy ORB)• Under-frequency load shedding / GFA (water heaters, clothes dryers)
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Control BasicElements
Current residential demand response systems tend to focus on a basic class of products. Advantages include:
• can retrofit• model independent• addresses largest users of residential energy• methodology cannot, in turn, damage other downstream processes• minimal direct consumer impact
Disadvantages include:• access to a limited number number of devices• limited consumer interaction• limited amount of energy that is controllable• doesn’t enable newer micro-based devices• tends to focus on curtailment rather than a base
platform enabling RTP, peak management, load leveling, and grid stability.
Demand Response Programs
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Control BasicElements
Allow Consumer
Preferences
AMR / AMI& 2-Way
Communications
NEXT STEP:Pilot a ADR with
a device thatprocesses consumer
Goods
Devices that perform a process on other consumer products (such as clothing or food) have not been feasible because:
• risk of damage to consumer products• requires knowledge of both internal components as well as the
status of internal processes.• safety concerns
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
DR Opportunities
What tools can an appliance manufacturer provide?
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Home #2 Load Curve – Individual circuits : July 2004
Each appliance has something different to offer depending on the specific issue to be addressed.
Curtail vs Peak vs Grid Friendly
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
How much energy demand can be managed?General Questions:
• What product or devcie?• At what time of day?• At what co$t?• Instantaneous vs kWh
Additional questions by the product manufacturer:• During what phase of the process?• With what level of consumer acceptance?• Can the appliance say “yes”, “no”, “wait”, or
“meet me half way”?
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
What’s wrong with the assumption that:
“We can simply control an appliance at the circuit.”:
• Damage to consumer products• Pause / Restart issues• Safety Issues• Inadequate process temperature control• Loss of the effectiveness of consumables• Consumer acceptance and satisfaction
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Appliances, unlike some other residential products, are Process-Oriented devices.
They perform a multi-step process involving a variety of critical factors.
Consumers have a passion for the appliance process.
(Clean and admire unlike HVAC /HW)
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Two main categories of appliances
Persistent Process-OrientedSingle persistent task such as:• Maintaining room temperature• Keeping water warm
Start-to-finish process involving multiple steps, sensors, temperatures and consumables often performing the task upon other consumer products such as food, clothing, and dishes.
--- Forced power interruption ---
may be acceptable NOT acceptable
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Appliances as process oriented devices:
Perform a process on consumer products• preserve food• food preparation• clean clothing or dishes
An interruption may be objectionable depending on:
• the state of the process• the duration of the interruption
Because of: • risk of damage to the consumer products• potential to render the process ineffective• the urgency of the consumer• related safety issues
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy PlanNeed: The ability to include both Process-
Oriented and Persistent appliances in energy & demand management
Persistent Process-Oriented
Whirlpool Appliance Energy Interface enables:• Tailoring to any appliance type or model• Scaleable to handle a variety of control structures• Accessible via any infrastructure, simple or complex• Offers distributed energy demand intelligence
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
An energy-managed appliance:
• Grid Friendly (GFA) - brief instantaneous load shedding• Curtailment - a load reduction request• Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) - a temporary price change• Load / Peak Leveling - coordinated energy consumption
Key Concept:Each appliance model & type may have a different response depending on• the capability of the appliance hardware• flexibility of the appliance control system• ability to meet the energy request without objectionable
consumer disruption• the general discretion of the designer / manufacturer
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
• Grid Friendly (GFA) - brief instantaneous load shedding
• Curtailment - response to external signal requesting a load reduction
• Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) – response to external CPPsignal indicating a temporary price change
• Load / Peak Leveling - internal, external, or coordinated energy consumption limitation.
Appliance actions defined as implementing one or more of these characteristics:
In Pilot
In Pilot
In Pilot
Next Steps
Could we define an energy-managed appliance?
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
$%@^#&#(&^%
Speaking an ““energy languageenergy language””to an appliance or device
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
More specifically, what could a communications-enabled energy-managed appliance offer?
• Restrict use of the device (don’t start a new process)• Limit certain capabilities of the device / process• Wait to activate steps in process• Inform the consumer of an energy restriction• Continue process due to risk caused by interruption or delay
Consider an appliance device that may:
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Whirlpool consumers have successfully shifted energy consumption to off-peak or non-critical peak time of day.
Two methods have been piloted in consumer homes:
DSM - Pilot Washer/Dryer/Dishwasher
Pr ice – The dryer has receiveda critical peak pricing indicator.
2)
• LEDs indicate Peak or Off-Peak• “Delay Util Off Peak” Button
1)
Pilot consumers were able to load their dishwasher, dryer, or washer and simply press the delay button to automatically start the appliance during off-peak time of day.
1)
2) Dryers report RTP/CPP price signal on the display panel.
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
In the Whirlpool Woodridge Pilot consumers have successfully shifted energy consumption to off-peak time of day:
• LEDs indicate Peak or Off-Peak• “Delay Util Off Peak” Button
Tool Features:
Woodridge consumers can load their dishwasher, dryer, or washer and simply press the delay button to automatically start the appliance during off-peak time of day.
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Non-DSM Appliance Usage on Weekends and Weekdays
0
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12000
14000
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18000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Time
Ave
rage
Mon
tly L
oad
(Wh)
WeekendWeekday
Comparing weekend with weekday forNon-DSM appliances
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
DSM Appliance Usage on Weekends and Weekdays
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2000
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14000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Time
Ave
rage
Mon
tly L
oad
(Wh)
WeekendWeekday
Comparing weekend with weekday forDSM appliances with / TOU LED and
automatic off-peak start feature
Off-Peak
Observation:DSM feature seems to have driven usage to weekends and evening off-peak times.
Observation:DSM feature seems to have driven usage to weekends and evening off-peak times.
Note:These are appliances that interact with the consumer
&invoke a process upon other consumer products.
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Average Total Weekday Home Load
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Time
Ave
rage
Mon
thly
Loa
d (W
h)
Non Appliance LoadNon-DSM CompDSM Comp
WeekDAY total home energy consumption comparing DSM, Non-DSM, & other loads.
(same 4-homes, 1 year weekday data)
Off-PeakObservation:DSM did not follow this non-DSM evening peak.
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
(ELCAP Study)
Dryer
(Woodridge)
DryerSuccessfully shifted off-peak
Woodridge: clothes dryer data
(ELCAP Study)
Dryer
(Woodridge)
DryerSuccessfully shifted off-peak
(ELCAP Study)
Dryer
(Woodridge)
DryerSuccessfully shifted off-peak
Woodridge: clothes dryer data
Consumer Behavior
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
RTP-enabled Demand Managed Appliance:
• LEDs indicate Peak or Off-Peak• “Delay Util Off Peak” Button
Features:
• Receive broadcast of Peak & Off-Peak times• Receive broadcast pricing signals
Future Considerations
Envision the future
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Whirlpool energy monitoring system:“What gets measured gets managed”
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Our homes don’t have a Dashboard?
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
You don’t drive your car without knowing the fuel cost.
You shouldn’t have to “drive” your home without managing energy cost..
Without a “Dashboard”, energy cost is unknown.
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Heat Pumpused
543.87 kwhat cost of
$22.55Dryer
responsiblefor 4 % of energy cost
&3 % of energy
consumed
Energy Dashboard
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
GridWise™ Demonstration Project
Grid-FriendlyTM
Consumer FriendlyDemand Management Enabled
Real-Time Pricing SupportEnergy Efficient Platform
PacNWProject
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
PacNW Pilot / Grid Friendly Appliance (GFA)
• The instant load shedding for a brief period (e.g. several minutes). A simple Boolean (Yes/No) signal from a hardware switch or software can provide a GFA message.
• GFA provides a cost-effective alternative to spinning reserves
• Typical appliance response could include:– continue process but trim major load– halt the entire process for a short period of time– the appliance control may override to ensure the success of
the process.
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
GFA - Grid Stability Sensor Example
59.860
59.880
59.900
59.920
59.940
59.960
59.980
60.000
60.020
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
With GFA: Frequency Excursion Arrests at 59.950 Hzwithin 0.7 sec.
Without GFA: Frequency Drops to 59.886 Hzwithin 5.8 sec.
Spinning Reserve called upon
Freq
uenc
y (H
z)
Seconds (from 13:38:20 PDT)
. . .
Deactivateheat for 50seconds ...
Triggerpoint GFA response curve
“Spinning Reserve” power applied
From running backup generators
Current System
Actual grid event dataUnder stress, grid frequency
drops
Current System
PNNL SensorDetects grid frequency &
triggers at appropriate time
Future System
Appliance Responds(Average duration
of 2 minutes)
Future System
Grid-Friendly AppliancesRespond faster without cost of
running backup generators
Future System
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Clothes Dryer - used in the PacNW Pilot
Example appliance response:• turn off the internal heating element• continue drum rotation • reduce the heat/temperature• automatically extend the drying time to
compensate for the reduced energy mode• allow consumer override / continue
(after specified time interval)
GFA event reduces pilot dryer from approximately 5,700 watts to approximately 280 watts.
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Pr ice – The dryer has received acritical peak pricing indicator.
Consumer notified of a temporary
energy price increase.
PacNW Pilot / Pricing Experiment
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
The definition of an Appliance Energy Interfaceenables:
• Tailoring to any appliance type or model• Scaleable to handle a variety of control structures• Accessible via any infrastructure, simple or complex
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
First “Power-Up” in test room
Install pre-assembled CCU (control/Iso bd) bracket
Limited Run 19-Jan-2006
PRODUCTIONEnergy-Managed
Dryer
PacNWProject
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
The path to an Energy Optimized Home enabled by energy interfaces in the controls
Control BasicElements
Allow Consumer
Preferences
Include devices thatprocesses consumer
Goods
AMR& 2-Way
Communications
Multi - deviceenergy
synchronization
Grid-friendlyappliances
Combined residentialcontribution to grid
stability, TOU, Peak, & Curtailment.
Whirlpool Energy ResearchMI 21st Century Energy Plan
Questions & Comments?
Gale R. HorstWhirlpool Corporation.
750 Monte RoadBenton Harbor, MI 49022
E-mail: [email protected](269) 923-2770FAX (269) 923 - 5638