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Part of Chapter 2

The Nature of Numbers

Within nature a great quantity of phenomena does not depend on any precise law. The

stature for a specific, biological occurrence is mostly a matter of chance. Although we can

identify certain characteristics within the blue print of life, we know that certain hereditaryproperties will be present in the offspring. A person will be tall if his parents were tall. But it is

interesting to note that two brothers from the same parents under the same conditions,

consuming certain foods while growing and permitted that neither had any decease. Taking

all these factors into account does not mean both will be exactly the same length.

If a worker in a factory produces a medical appliance that will be used for a specific

procedure, we assume a high level of accuracy and quality workmanship. He uses the same

machine to produce identical components. One component fits into another cylindrical in

shape the component is not allowed to touch the sides of the cylinder, just like a piston does.

Although the same lathe is used not one piston or component are the same.

There are forces within this universe that holds together the fabric of reality. Only four

fundamental forces control all natural phenomena, gravity, electromagnetism and two

nuclear forces called weak and strong.

Attempts to include these four forces within one theory have remained without conspicuous

success but their interactions are no longer a mystery.

The forces of gravity and electromagnetism are very delicately balanced, the bigger stars

with higher mass puts out heat at a phenomenal rate becoming in the end blue giants, the

smaller stars through the action of convection currents lose most of their heat and become

red dwarfs in the end. Between both extremes are very narrow ranges of star size that

allows this sort of equilibrium to occur. If the balance of the two forces tipped into the favourof gravity, all stars would be blue giants, should it favour electromagnetism the whole

universe would have been specked with red dwarfs and life as we understand it would not

have existed since we owe our existence and that of all typical stars to a wildly improbable

numerical accident that equates two of the fundamental forces in the universe.

There are no safe place should we leave the earths protective shell, known as the ozone.

Radiation is the biggest threat all astronauts have to face.

Helium is converted from hydrogen in stars through nuclear reactions. The sun emits energy

through convection and radiation. Thermo-nuclear reactions heat up the plasma in the

interior, it results in the plasma becoming less dense, which in turn causes the plasma to rise

to the surface. When the plasma reaches the surface it releases energy into space, thusconvection zones exists within the sun and radiation transports the bulk of energy within the

sun.

Radiation storms originate from the sun when a solar flare occurs. The space in between the

earth and sun are mostly a void except for the few heavenly bodies. The amount of energy

that is released through the suns surface can be calculated from the flow of it. Which can be

derived from quantity of energy per unit of area reaching the surface of the earth, part of this

mathematical equation is word and energy. When force is applied to a resistant object and

this object is moved along the line of the force defines the term work, and is this capacity for

doing work is referred to as energy. If we measure the amount of work accomplished we can

determine the amount of energy that was used. A unit of energy or work is an erg and

equals the work done by one dyne through a distance of 1cm. The fore that accelerates a

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particle with a mass of 1g to experience an acceleration of 1cm during each second is a

dyne.

If we assume that all factors such as weather and time does not vary 1, 370, 000 per

second per square centimetre of energy reaches the Earth at a 90 degrees angle to the rays

of the sun. 1, 370, 000 ergs is equal to slightly less than 2 calories / cm per minute in

mechanical units the earth receives 47, 000, 000, 000 kilowatt hours per second. 6.32 X 10 ergs of energy each second are emitted from the square centimetre of the solar surface

this force requires about 700, 000 horse power to sustain this amount of energy flow. This

means it will take almost 80 000 Ferrari engines to process the output of this energy. If we

should cover the surface of the sun with a thick layer of ice the hest that the sun emits will

melt the ice at a rate of 12 meters in depth per second.

The number of stars within a typical galaxy amount to be the same as the number of

galaxies in the universe. The age of the universe is the same as the number of charged

particles within it expressed in nuclear units. The gravitational pull between two protons is

the same as the electric force between them. Together with a long list of basic parameters

these measurements all hover around the same mystic unimaginable huge number - ten to

the power of forty. The magic of numbers are born.

The Nobel prize winner, English physicist Paul Dirac and astronomer, Arthur Eddington were

so impressed by this recurrence of this large unlikely number that they built elaborate

theories around it. They stated that this could be such a coincidence that we may presume

that it is due to some deep connection with the nature between cosmology and atomic

theory. In the end they admitted simply and humbly, that there is something strange going

on. The just how strange is only becoming transparent and crystal clear now. Life as we

know it is based on carbon which did not exist in the early universe, there was only nothing

and more nothing and a lot more nothing and a lot of hydrogen. Then unstable forces, that

would be, caused the big bang which caused temperatures high enough to form heavier

elements but only lasting long enough to form helium. Heavy elements synthesised in anyquantity had to wait until there were suitable stars of sufficient stability that could cook the

ingredients for the required billions of years to come into existence. Stars turn supernova,

when they exhausted their nuclear fuel and reached the end of their natural lives, thus

violently explode spewing into the interstellar space their varied contents, amongst the

contents seemed to have been an incredible amount of carbon formed as a result of

coincidence. Carbon nuclei came into existence as a result of the rare and simultaneous

triple collusion of three separate helium nuclei, of which the resonance frequency of all three

are the same. If only two met under correct conditions they would form an unstable nucleus

of the hard white metal beryllium which only exists for a very short time. The fuel for life as

Sir James Jeans once remarked, Our bodies are formed from the ashes of long dead stars.

The evaporating ozone and the greenhouse effect are one of the main concerns of today.

This is already common knowledge and do not think that scientists are not working towards

a solution to the biggest problem that man had cause. The problem is that although they

screamed stop the greed and ignorance of man overshadowed any common sense. Too

much carbon dioxide and too little amount of plants to remove the carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere has caused temperature to rise.

The difference in average temperature drop over a period of time that caused the ice age

was 1 Degrees Celsius. The average temperature increased by 1 Degrees Celsius and we

are already seeing the effect with the melting glaciers and in changing weather patterns.

The melting of the ice will cause a rise in sea level and most prime property at beaches will

in future be under water.

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It only took one number in the temperature to drop, the effect of which is phenomenal, which

results in extreme temperature changes