1

• Part - I Introduction to IEDs

• Part - II Impact on Pakistan with specific

reference to PAF

• Part - III Counter IED Capability

• Part - IV Present Counter IED Capability

with specific reference to PAF

• Part - V Analysis

• Part - VI Recommendations

2/103

2

PAKISTAN EXPERIENCES / PERSPECTIVE ON IEDs

DETECTION AND COUNTER MEASURES

3

AIM

To share experiences of Pakistan in war against

IEDs threat and response formulated

4

SEQUENCE

Back ground of IED threat before 2012

Development of National CIED response

Threat Spectrum after Development of CIED Force

Experiences of Pakistan on IEDs Detection

Counter Measures

Pakistan’s Achievements

5 5

PART - I

6

IED THREAT BEFORE 2012

0 6 5 24 11 21 17126

1096

467

1308

1501

2098

1091

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Number of IED Attacks PART 1 - BACK GROUND OF IED THREAT BEFORE 2012

7

Casualties in IED Attacks

Killed injured

PART 1 - BACK GROUND OF IED THREAT BEFORE 2012

IED THREAT BEFORE 2012

8 8

PART - II

9 9

Capacity building of only one available EOD Unit was

carried out from 2007 to 2010 by increasing manpower

and equipping with latest EOD equipment

National CIED Coordination & Control Cell (C&CC)

established in 2010

DEVELOPMENT OF CIED RESPONSE

National CIED Forum was established in 2010

Due to increase in IED threat spectrum, raising of

CIEDO was approved in 2012

National CIED Strategy was formulated in 2011

10 10 PART 2 - DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL CIED RESPONSE

CONCEPT

AtN IEDEF Operational

Assets

Training

Assets

DEFENSIVE OFFENSIVE

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL CIED

RESPONSE

11 11

PART - II

12 12

IED Exploitation Facility (IEDEF) under CIEDO

energized in Dec 2013

OFFENSIVE PRONG-IEDEF

First batch of evidence processed in Jan 2014

Facility designed to operate at Exploitation Level 2

13 13

PART - II

14

Group is field component of CIEDO and actually

employed in field after necessary training at CEMS

Once employed, troops quickly adapted to modified

drills / equipment to suit the ground requirements

Operational results highlight matchless skills,

motivation and efforts by troops

14

NATIONAL DEFENSIVE PRONG

SEARCH&EOD GROUP

15 15

EOD detachments all over the country and provide

EOD cover in urban areas

Troops go through training at regular courses / cadres

run at CEMS (CoE)

EOD unit has so far trained more than 6500 persons

from Army, Paramilitary Forces and LEAs

Continuous up gradation in terms of training and EOD

equipment as per IEDs threat spectrum

DEFENSIVE PRONG-EOD UNIT

16 16

Institute commissioned in 2013

Objective oriented / scenario based training being

imparted to Army, Paramilitary forces, Civil Defense,

Police and other members of LEAs

Training syllabus being regularly updated as per

evolving IEDs threat and lessons learnt

Equipped with state of the art CIED training facility and

declared as National Center of Excellence (CoE)

Trained over 3500 students including Army, LEAs and

Police since 2013

DEFENSIVE PRONG-CEMS

17 17

DEFENSIVE PRONG-CEMS

18 18

Police, Civil Defense and other LEAs are

1st responder to any IED threat

Continuous efforts are in hand for capacity building

of our LEAs

OTHER CIED ORGANIZATIONS

Information sharing between all the tentacles of

different intelligence agencies on CIED related

matters is a regular feature

19 19

PART - III

20

THREAT SPECTRUM AFTER

DEVELOPMENT OF DEFENSIVE PRONG

21

10

91

15

96

24

65

83

8 1

04

6

11

32

1186

53

7

45

46

4

12

79

30

1

249

69

0

409

44

9

78

5

19

61

10

00

10

94

2012 2013 2014 2015

CASUALTIES CAUSED BY IED ATTKs – TREND ANALYSIS

IED Attks Strikes Rec SIA WIA Linear (SIA) Linear (WIA)

(JUL 2012 – 2015)

Attributed To:

Effective employment of S&E Units on Western

Borders

CIED Training by CEMS to Army and LEAs

Awareness afforded by National C&CC to Field

Army and LEAs through “Monthly Assessment

Report”

THREAT SPECTRUM AFTER

DEVELOPMENT OF DEFENSIVE PRONG

22 22

PART - IV

• Over 42000 Compounds

• Over 7000 Km Routes

• Approx 500 Tunnels

SEARCH & CLEARANCE

PART IV - PAKISTAN ACHIEVEMENTS 23 23

• Approx 194 Tons Expls / IEDs

• Over 16,000 Kgs Expl Precursors

• Approx 200 SBJs

• Over 57,000 Ms Safety Fuze

• Over 65,000 Ms Det Cord

• Over 2500 AT / AP Mines

• Over 5000 Hand Grens

• Over 20 IED Factories

MAJOR RECOVERIES OF EXPLOSIVES/

READY TO USE IEDs

PART 5 - PAKISTAN ACHIEVEMENTS 24 24

IED Containers Improvised Elec Detonators

Improvised Low Metal

Detonators

Explosively Formed

Projectiles

MISCELLANEOUS RECOVERIES

PART IV - PAKISTAN ACHIEVEMENTS 25 25

26 26

PART - V

27 27

• Requires in-depth knowledge of Explosives & Assembling expertise

• EFPs has already proved a deadly Terrorists arsenal in Iraq & Afghanistan

• Recovered during Operation Zerb-e-Azb

Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFPs)

PART V - EXPERIENCES OF PAKISTAN ON IEDs DETECTION

FAST DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION

BY TERRORISTS

28 28

• Recovered approximately 11000 various types Circuits Boards

• Include Mobile Phone Decoders, Spider & Timer devices etc

Electric Circuitry

PART V - EXPERIENCES OF PAKISTAN ON IEDs DETECTION

Spider Devices Electric Circuits

Coded Spider Devices Command Devices

FAST DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION

BY TERRORISTS

29 29

• Huge cache of cylinder IEDs found

• Requires special expertise for making, filling of explosives & placing other

components of IEDs

Cylinder IEDs

PART V - EXPERIENCES OF PAKISTAN ON IEDs DETECTION

FAST DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION

BY TERRORISTS

30 30

• Terrorists have shaped IEDs like large stone

• Such IEDs used to merge with ground & evade detection

Stone Type IEDs

PART V - EXPERIENCES OF PAKISTAN ON IEDs DETECTION

FAST DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION

BY TERRORISTS

31 31

• Plastic container IEDs & Plastic improvised detonators

• Nightmare for IED searchers as this makes search operations more

threatening & tedious

Low Metal Contents IEDs

PART V - EXPERIENCES OF PAKISTAN ON IEDs DETECTION

FAST DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION

BY TERRORISTS

32 32

• Recently found RCIEDs and internal circuits do not possess the finger

prints of Terrorists

• It shows sophistication of Terrorists’ techniques

Missing Biometrics of RCIEDs

PART V - EXPERIENCES OF PAKISTAN ON IEDs DETECTION

FAST DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION

BY TERRORISTS

33 33

• Initiation of multiple IEDs with one initiator is a new trend being

observed in ongoing operations

• Infra-Red, Pressure & Remote controlled devices have been recovered

Daisy Chain IEDs

PART V - EXPERIENCES OF PAKISTAN ON IEDs DETECTION

FAST DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION

BY TERRORISTS

34 34

• Innovative IED placement methods

• Purposely made voids / holes used

IED Placement

PART V - EXPERIENCES OF PAKISTAN ON IEDs DETECTION

FAST DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION

BY TERRORISTS

35 35

SHIFTING OF TRENDS IN IEDs

PRECURSORS

PART V - EXPERIENCES OF PAKISTAN ON IEDs DETECTION

• Shifting trends from CAN to Chlorate Potassium Chlorate (DRY)

Potassium Chlorate (WET)

PART - VI

36 36

GROUND SIGNS AWARENESS

PART VI - CIED MEASURES

REGULARITY FALTERING TRANSFER

COLOR CHANGE DISCARDABLES DISTURBANCE

37 37

PART VI - CIED MEASURES

FOCUSSED TRAINING ON INDIVIDUALS’

AGILITY & VIGILANCE

38 38

DEVELOPMENT IN ECM TO COUNTER

VARIOUS BANDWIDTHS

PART VI - CIED MEASURES

Vehicle Mounted Jammers Man Pack Jammers

39 39

PART VI - CIED MEASURES

MODIFICATIONS OF SEARCH DRILLS

40 40

• Search drills being modified as per dictates of ground and Terrorists’

changing TTPs

• Syllabus and training also being regularly updated

41

MAJOR CONCLUSIONS

• IEDs trends continue to evolve & become more lethal

• Recovery of EFPs, Cylinders & Low metal content IEDs

suggest continuous evolvement in Terrorists’ TTPs

• Pakistan possesses credible Defensive CIED prong after

incorporating requisite training, equipping & fielding

resources

• Offensive CIED prong i.e AtN and IEDEF is in the process

of development

PART 1 - IEDs THREAT IN PAKISTAN

42

THANK YOU!