Part 6

14 Now I myself am confident concerning you, my brethren, that you also are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another. 15 Nevertheless, brethren, I have written more boldly to you on some points, as reminding you, because of the grace given to me by God, 16 that I might be a minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering of the Gentiles might be acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit.

15:14-16

17 Therefore I have reason to glory in Christ Jesus in the things which pertain to God. 18 For I will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ has not accomplished through me, in word and deed, to make the Gentiles obedient— 19 in mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God, so that from Jerusalem and round about to Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ. 20 And so I have made it my aim to preach the gospel, not where Christ was named, lest I should build on another man’s foundation, 21 but as it is written:“To whom He was not announced, they shall see;And those who have not heard shall understand.”

15:17-21

22 For this reason I also have been much hindered from coming to you. 23 But now no longer having a place in these parts, and having a great desire these many years to come to you, 24 whenever I journey to Spain, I shall come to you. For I hope to see you on my journey, and to be helped on my way there by you, if first I may enjoy your company for a while. 25 But now I am going to Jerusalem to minister to the saints. 26 For it pleased those from Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor among the saints who are in Jerusalem. 27 It pleased them indeed, and they are their debtors. For if the Gentiles have been partakers of their spiritual things, their duty is also to minister to them in material things.

15:22-27

28 Therefore, when I have performed this and have sealed to them this fruit, I shall go by way of you to Spain. 29 But I know that when I come to you, I shall come in the fullness of the blessing of the gospel of Christ.30 Now I beg you, brethren, through the Lord Jesus Christ, and through the love of the Spirit, that you strive together with me in prayers to God for me, 31 that I may be delivered from those in Judea who do not believe, and that my service for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints, 32 that I may come to you with joy by the will of God, and may be refreshed together with you. 33 Now the God of peace be with you all. Amen.

15:28-33

I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is a servant of the church in Cenchrea, 2 that you may receive her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and assist her in whatever business she has need of you; for indeed she has been a helper of many and of myself also.

16:1-7

3 Greet Priscilla and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, 4 who risked their own necks for my life, to whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. 5 Likewise greet the church that is in their house.Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia (Asia, ASV) to Christ. 6 Greet Mary, who labored much for us. 7 Greet Andronicus and Junia, my countrymen and my fellow prisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.

16:1-7

“Junia” (feminine) or “Junias” (masculine)? Junia found in many contemporary Roman inscriptions, while Junias is not found; likely husband and wife

>>Of note among the apostles>Perhaps had distinguished themselves as

outstanding in the eyes of the twelve apostles>“Apostle” could be used in general sense

of one sent out on a mission (Acts 13:4; 14:14; Phil. 2:25; 2 Cor. 8:23 “messenger”)

>>In Christ before Paul was converted (were early converts to Christ)

8 Greet Amplias, my beloved in the Lord. 9 Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and Stachys, my beloved. 10 Greet Apelles, approved in Christ. Greet those who are of the household of Aristobulus. 11 Greet Herodion, my countryman. Greet those who are of the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord.

16:8-16

12 Greet Tryphena and Tryphosa, who have labored in the Lord. Greet the beloved Persis, who labored much in the Lord. 13 Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine. 14 Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermas, Patrobas, Hermes, and the brethren who are with them. 15 Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them.16 Greet one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ greet you.

16:8-16

Several women are named and praised for their activity (more than 1/3 of 27 persons specifically named/identified [Phoebe, Priscilla, Mary, Junia, Tryphena, Tryphosa, Persis, Rufus’ mother, Julia, and Nereus’ sister])

Several names were common among slaves and former slaves [freedmen/women] Gospel is for all regardless of social status

(Gal. 3:28; Col. 3:11; Philemon 10, 16)

Paul had a bond to some as fellow Jews (“kinsmen”) and some as personal acquaintances (“beloved,” “fellow worker”); they likely migrated to Rome from areas of Paul’s work and could vouch for Paul’s character and work on the verge of his visit and seeking of aid

True fame and notoriety is found in being a faithful child of God (“in the Lord,” “in Christ”)

Evidence of small “house” churches rather than one large congregation (vv. 5, 14, 15) Epistle addressed to the saints “who are in Rome”

(1:7) not to the “church at Rome”

17 Now I urge you, brethren, note those who cause divisions and offenses, contrary to the doctrine which you learned, and avoid them. 18 For those who are such do not serve our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly, and by smooth words and flattering speech deceive the hearts of the simple. 19 For your obedience has become known to all. Therefore I am glad on your behalf; but I want you to be wise in what is good, and simple concerning evil. 20 And the God of peace will crush Satan under your feet shortly.The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen.

16:17-20

21 Timothy, my fellow worker, and Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater, my countrymen, greet you.22 I, Tertius, who wrote this epistle, greet you in the Lord.23 Gaius, my host and the host of the whole church, greets you. Erastus, the treasurer of the city, greets you, and Quartus, a brother. 24 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.

16:21-24

25 Now to Him who is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery kept secret since the world began 26 but now made manifest, and by the prophetic Scriptures made known to all nations, according to the commandment of the everlasting God, for obedience to the faith— 27 to God, alone wise, be glory through Jesus Christ forever. Amen.

16:25-27

1 Paul, a bondservant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated to the gospel of God 2 which He promised before through His prophets in the Holy Scriptures, 3 concerning His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh, 4 and declared to be the Son of God with power according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead. 5 Through Him we have received grace and apostleship for obedience to the faith among all nations for His name, 6 among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ;

CHIASTIC STRUCTUREA – Introduction (1:1-7)

1. Paul – apostle (1:1)2. Christ Jesus (1:1)3. Gospel [euaggelion (2098)]

of God (1:1)4. Promised (1:2)5. Prophets [prophetes (4396)]6. In the holy Scriptures

[graphe (1124)] (1:1-2)7. Gospel concerning Jesus

(1:1-3)8. Gentiles (1:5)9. Obedience [hupakoe (5218)]

of faith [pistis (4102)] (1:5)10. To all who are beloved of

God (1:7)

A’ - Summary (16:25-27)

1. “My gospel” (16:26)2. Jesus Christ (16:25,27)3. Gospel [euaggelion (2098)]4. Revelation (16:25);

Manifested (16:26)5. Prophets [prophetikos

(4397)]6. By the Scriptures [graphe

(1124)] of the (16:25-26)7. Preaching of Jesus Christ

(16:25)8. Nations (16:26)9. Obedience [hupakoe (5218)]

of faith [pistis (4102)] (16:26)

10. To the only wise God (16:27)

CHIASTIC STRUCTURE

“Chiasmus (from the Greek letter Chi: X), or chiastic structuring is a literary device often used by Old Testament and New Testament writers. They use it to build up to their main point and then back off from it in the reverse order (so that the parts 'cross over' like the members of the letter Chi - X).                A                    B                        C                            D The main point the writer is making                            D' lies at the centre.                        C'                    B'                A' A and A' may help to exegete each other, as may B and B', C and C'” (Chiastic Structuring).

A chiastic pattern in Mark 2:27, for instance, keeps the reader’s or hearer’s attention focused on the main concepts.A  The sabbath was made B  for humankind B’  not humankindA’  for the sabbath.

CHIASTIC STRUCTURE

“A chiasm (also called a chiasmus) is a literary device in which a sequence of ideas is presented and then repeated in reverse order. The result is a “mirror” effect as the ideas are “reflected” back in a passage. Each idea is connected to its “reflection” by a repeated word, often in a related form. The term chiasm comes from the Greek letter chi, which looks like our letter X. Chiastic pattern is also called “ring structure.The structure of a chiasm is usually expressed through a series of letters, each letter representing a new idea. For example, the structure ABBA refers to two ideas (A and B) repeated in reverse order (B and A). Often, a chiasm includes another idea in the middle of the repetition: ABXBA. In this structure, the two ideas (A and B) are repeated in reverse order, but a third idea is inserted before the repetition (X). By virtue of its position, the insertion is emphasized” (What is a chiasm…)

CHIASTIC STRUCTUREA – Introduction (1:1-7)

1. Paul – apostle (1:1)2. Christ Jesus (1:1)3. Gospel [euaggelion (2098)]

of God (1:1)4. Promised (1:2)5. Prophets [prophetes (4396)]6. In the holy Scriptures

[graphe (1124)] (1:1-2)7. Gospel concerning Jesus

(1:1-3)8. Gentiles (1:5)9. Obedience [hupakoe (5218)]

of faith [pistis (4102)] (1:5)10. To all who are beloved of

God (1:7)

A’ - Summary (16:25-27)

1. “My gospel” (16:26)2. Jesus Christ (16:25,27)3. Gospel [euaggelion (2098)]4. Revelation (16:25);

Manifested (16:26)5. Prophets [prophetikos

(4397)]6. By the Scriptures [graphe

(1124)] of the (16:25-26)7. Preaching of Jesus Christ

(16:25)8. Nations (16:26)9. Obedience [hupakoe (5218)]

of faith [pistis (4102)] (16:26)

10. To the only wise God (16:27)

CHIASTIC STRUCTUREE – Preach the Gospel (1:16-17)

1. I am not ashamed (1:16)2. Gospel of salvation to Jew

first, then Greek (1:16)3. Gospel power [dunamis

(1411)] of God (1:16)4. Gospel (good news)

(1:16) - euaggelion (2098) – relation to aggelos (32)

5. Gospel (1:16)6. Righteousness of God

(1:17)7. From faith to faith (1:17)8. Quote – Righteous live by

faith (1:17)

E’ – Preach the Gospel (15:14-21)

1. I have found reason for boasting (15:17)

2. Gospel of Christ preached from Jerusalem to Illyricum (15:19)

3. Power [dunamis (1411)]of signs and wonder, in the power [dunamis (1411)] of the Spirit (15:19)

4. No News (15:21) - anaggello (312) – related to aggelos (32) (15:21)

5. Gospel (15:16,19,20)6. Sanctified by the Holy Spirit

(15:16)7. You are full of goodness (15:14)8. Quote – Shall see; shall

understand (15:21)

CHIASTIC STRUCTUREL – Live Righteously (6:1-23)

1. Continue in sin? No (6:1-2)2. Die to sin (6:2,10,11)3. Grace [charis (5485)]

(6:1,14,15)4. Live [zao (2198)]

(6:2,10,11,13)5. Newness [kainotes (2538)

– from kainos (2537)] (6:4)6. Body [soma (4983)]

(6:6,12)7. Present

[paristemi/paristano (3936)] body/self (6:13,16,19)

L’ – Live Sacrificially (12:1-21)

1. Do not be conformed to world (12:2)

2. Prove will of God (12:2)3. Grace [charis (5485)]

(12:3,6)4. Living [zao (2198)] (12:1)5. Renewing [anakainosis

(342) – from kainos (2537)] (12:2)

6. Body [soma (4983)] (12:1,4,5)

7. Present [paristemi/paristano (3936)] body

CHIASTIC STRUCTURE

J – Faith Establishes Law (3:27-31)

1. God’s relationship to Jews and Gentiles (3:29-30)

2. Faith does not nullify law (3:31)

J’ – Love Fulfills Law (13:8-14)

1. Christian’s relationship to neighbors (13:8-10)

2. Faith fulfills law (13:8)

DETAILED SUMMARY OF ROMANS

1:1-17 – Intro/Gospel = power of God unto salvation1:18 – 3:20 – All have sinned, Jew and Gentile3:21 – 4:25 – Justified by faith in Christ5 – Benefits of justification by faith6:1 – 7:6 – Dead to sin, alive to righteousness7:7-25 – Struggling against sin8 – Led by Spirit; more than conquerors through Christ9-11 – Condition of Jews before God

12 – Christian living13 – Submission to governing authorities14 – 15:13 – Dealing with differences between brethren15:14 – 16 – Final words and salutations

MANNER WORTHY OF THE SAINTS (ROM. 16:2)

Loving (12:10; 13:8) Caring (12:13-15) Humbly (12:3, 16) Peaceful (12:18) Submissive (13:1) Decent/Godly (13:13) Edifying (15:2)