Part 3—Career PlanningPart 3—Career Planning

Chapter 13Chapter 13Learning About Learning About

CareersCareers

Chapter ObjectivesChapter Objectives

ExplainExplain the differences among the career the differences among the career clusters.clusters.

DescribeDescribe the wide range of jobs within the wide range of jobs within career clusters.career clusters.

SelectSelect careers and occupations that careers and occupations that interest you.interest you.

ListList occupations with the greatest number occupations with the greatest number of job openings and their educational of job openings and their educational requirements.requirements.

Key ConceptsKey Concepts

Your skills, interests, aptitudes, abilities, Your skills, interests, aptitudes, abilities, values, and goals influence your career values, and goals influence your career choices.choices.

The career clusters and pathways can help The career clusters and pathways can help you learn about careers that fit all aspects you learn about careers that fit all aspects of who you are and want to become.of who you are and want to become.

Occupations require different levels of Occupations require different levels of education and training, but those requiring education and training, but those requiring more often pay better.more often pay better.

You will have an easier time of finding a job You will have an easier time of finding a job if the occupation you want is in demand.if the occupation you want is in demand.

Education and Training Education and Training RequirementsRequirements

It is important to It is important to have the education have the education required for the job required for the job you pursue.you pursue.

Associate degree:Associate degree: A A two-year college two-year college degree.degree.

Bachelor degree: Bachelor degree: A A four-year college four-year college degree.degree.

Future Occupational TrendsFuture Occupational Trends

Occupational trends:Occupational trends: Research predictions Research predictions regarding jobs that will most likely be regarding jobs that will most likely be needed in the future.needed in the future.

Some factors influencing new jobs are:Some factors influencing new jobs are: Advances in technology.Advances in technology. An aging population.An aging population. Increased emphasis on health and fitness.Increased emphasis on health and fitness. High interest in recreation and entertainment.High interest in recreation and entertainment. New ways of communicating.New ways of communicating.

Success in the future will require Success in the future will require adaptability.adaptability.

Using the Career ClustersUsing the Career Clusters

A good way to learn about jobs is by A good way to learn about jobs is by exploring career clustersexploring career clusters——groups of groups of occupations related by common occupations related by common knowledge and skills.knowledge and skills.

Each cluster contains several pathways, Each cluster contains several pathways, which are subgroupings based on common which are subgroupings based on common knowledge and skills.knowledge and skills.

Each pathway contains jobs ranging from Each pathway contains jobs ranging from entry level to professional.entry level to professional.

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Using the Career ClustersUsing the Career Clusters

Career ClustersCareer Clusters

Agricultural, Food Agricultural, Food && Natural Resources Natural Resources

Architecture & ConstructionArchitecture & Construction

Arts, A/V Technology & CommunicationsArts, A/V Technology & Communications

Business Management & AdministrationBusiness Management & Administration

Education & TrainingEducation & Training

FinanceFinance

Government & Public AdministrationGovernment & Public Administration

Health ScienceHealth Sciencecontinued

Using the Career ClustersUsing the Career Clusters

Career ClustersCareer Clusters Hospitality & TourismHospitality & Tourism

Human ServicesHuman Services

Information TechnologyInformation Technology

Law, Public Safety, Corrections & SecurityLaw, Public Safety, Corrections & Security

ManufacturingManufacturing

MarketingMarketing

Science, Technology, Engineering & MathematicsScience, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics

Transportation, Distribution & LogisticsTransportation, Distribution & Logistics

Agriculture, Food & Agriculture, Food & Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

Fewer jobs involve Fewer jobs involve traditional farming and traditional farming and ranching.ranching.

Many careers involve food Many careers involve food science and technology.science and technology.

Some knowledge and skills Some knowledge and skills are learned on the job.are learned on the job.

Many technical jobs require Many technical jobs require two or more years of two or more years of advanced training.advanced training.

- Food Products and - Food Products and Processing SystemsProcessing Systems

- Plant Systems- Plant Systems- Animal Systems- Animal Systems- Power, Structural and - Power, Structural and

Technical SystemsTechnical Systems- Natural Resource - Natural Resource

SystemsSystems- Environmental - Environmental

Service SystemsService Systems- Agribusiness Systems- Agribusiness Systems

Architecture & ConstructionArchitecture & Construction

These careers involve the These careers involve the design, building, and design, building, and maintenance of physical maintenance of physical structures.structures.

Specific job requirements Specific job requirements range from on-the-job range from on-the-job training to advanced training to advanced degrees.degrees.

The employment outlook The employment outlook for these careers remains for these careers remains steady, especially for steady, especially for design and construction design and construction jobs.jobs.

- Design and - Design and PreconstructionPreconstruction

- Construction- Construction- Maintenance and - Maintenance and

OperationsOperations

Arts, A/V Technology & Arts, A/V Technology & CommunicationsCommunications

- Audio and Video - Audio and Video Technology and FilmTechnology and Film

- Printing Technology- Printing Technology- Visual Arts- Visual Arts- Performing Arts- Performing Arts- Journalism and - Journalism and

BroadcastingBroadcasting- Telecommunications- Telecommunications

This field includes visual and This field includes visual and performing arts, journalism, performing arts, journalism, and printing technology.and printing technology.

Talents need to be perfected Talents need to be perfected for arts careers, so training for arts careers, so training begins at an early age.begins at an early age.

Technical jobs in Technical jobs in communications require communications require training at a technical or training at a technical or community college or community college or through an apprenticeship.through an apprenticeship.

Business Management & Business Management & AdministrationAdministration

Business employees Business employees perform tasks to keep perform tasks to keep businesses and businesses and organizations running organizations running smoothly.smoothly.

Some entry-level jobs Some entry-level jobs require a two-year degree.require a two-year degree.

Top positions require an Top positions require an advanced degree.advanced degree.

Careers in this cluster are Careers in this cluster are expected to grow faster expected to grow faster than average.than average.

- General Management- General Management- Business Information - Business Information

ManagementManagement- Human Resources - Human Resources

Management Management - Operations - Operations

ManagementManagement- Administrative - Administrative

SupportSupport

Education & TrainingEducation & Training

The education field includes The education field includes teaching and training, teaching and training, professional support professional support services, administration, services, administration, and administrative support.and administrative support.

Most jobs in this field Most jobs in this field require a four-year college require a four-year college degree and licensing or degree and licensing or certification. certification.

Typically, pay is lower than Typically, pay is lower than other occupations, but other occupations, but benefits and job security are benefits and job security are comparably very good. comparably very good.

- Administration and - Administration and Administrative Administrative SupportSupport

- Professional Support - Professional Support ServicesServices

- Teaching and - Teaching and TrainingTraining

FinanceFinance

Finance careers focus on Finance careers focus on the management and use the management and use of money, including of money, including banking and investment banking and investment and financial planning.and financial planning.

It can be difficult to get It can be difficult to get started in this business, but started in this business, but the rewards are high for the rewards are high for people with great sales people with great sales skills.skills.

Most careers in this cluster Most careers in this cluster require a four-year degree require a four-year degree or advanced training.or advanced training.

- Securities and Securities and InvestmentsInvestments

- Business Finance- Business Finance- Banking Services- Banking Services- Insurance- Insurance

Government & Public Government & Public AdministrationAdministration

This cluster offers many This cluster offers many careers in areas such as careers in areas such as governance, national security, governance, national security, and public management and and public management and administration. administration.

The education required ranges The education required ranges from on-the-job training to from on-the-job training to advanced degrees.advanced degrees.

Employment opportunities are Employment opportunities are increasing due to population increasing due to population changes and growing demand changes and growing demand for public services.for public services.

- Governance- Governance- National Security- National Security- Foreign Service- Foreign Service- Planning- Planning- Revenue and - Revenue and

Taxation Taxation - Regulation- Regulation- Public Management - Public Management

and Administrationand Administration

Health ScienceHealth Science

This broad field is growing This broad field is growing rapidly as our population rapidly as our population ages. ages.

Half of all workers in the Half of all workers in the health field are employed health field are employed in hospitals.in hospitals.

Most jobs in this field Most jobs in this field require specific training, require specific training, ranging from certificate ranging from certificate programs to many years in programs to many years in college.college.

- Therapeutic Services- Therapeutic Services- Diagnostic Services- Diagnostic Services- Health Informatics- Health Informatics- Support Services- Support Services- Biotechnology - Biotechnology

Research and Research and DevelopmentDevelopment

Hospitality & TourismHospitality & Tourism

This cluster covers a broad This cluster covers a broad range of careers from range of careers from travel agents to workers in travel agents to workers in zoos.zoos.

Many of the jobs require no Many of the jobs require no prior training, but most prior training, but most managers have degrees or managers have degrees or other advanced training.other advanced training.

The job outlook remains The job outlook remains steady, but wages will vary steady, but wages will vary depending on the area and depending on the area and type of facility.type of facility.

- Restaurants and Food - Restaurants and Food and Beverage and Beverage ServicesServices

- Lodging- Lodging- Travel and Tourism- Travel and Tourism- Recreation, - Recreation,

Amusements, and Amusements, and AttractionsAttractions

Human ServicesHuman Services

These careers are social and These careers are social and community services that community services that help, protect, nurture, or help, protect, nurture, or provide assistance to others.provide assistance to others.

Many careers require state Many careers require state licenses or certification.licenses or certification.

Education requirements Education requirements range from a high school range from a high school diploma to advanced diploma to advanced degrees.degrees.

Most positions are growing Most positions are growing faster than average.faster than average.

- Early Childhood - Early Childhood Development and Development and ServicesServices

- Counseling and - Counseling and Mental Health Mental Health ServicesServices

- Family and - Family and Community ServicesCommunity Services

- Personal Care - Personal Care ServicesServices

- Consumer Services- Consumer Services

Information TechnologyInformation Technology

IT careers are among those IT careers are among those most in demand.most in demand.

People in this field stay up-People in this field stay up-to-date with the most to-date with the most current technology by current technology by attending workshops and attending workshops and classes even after earning classes even after earning a college degree.a college degree.

Strong math, science, and Strong math, science, and communication skills are communication skills are necessary.necessary.

- Network Systems- Network Systems- Interactive Support - Interactive Support

and Servicesand Services- Web and Digital - Web and Digital

CommunicationCommunication- Programming and - Programming and

Software Software DevelopmentDevelopment

Law, Public Safety, Law, Public Safety, Corrections & SecurityCorrections & Security

Keeping citizens and Keeping citizens and country safe are the core country safe are the core mission of this career area. mission of this career area.

Some jobs require a high Some jobs require a high school diploma and work school diploma and work experience.experience.

Others require college Others require college degrees and advanced degrees and advanced training.training.

These positions are These positions are increasingly in demand.increasingly in demand.

- Correction Services- Correction Services- Emergency and Fire - Emergency and Fire

Management ServicesManagement Services- Security and - Security and

Protective ServicesProtective Services- Law Enforcement - Law Enforcement

ServicesServices- Legal Services- Legal Services

ManufacturingManufacturing

These careers involve skills in These careers involve skills in planning, managing, and planning, managing, and making raw materials into making raw materials into quality products.quality products.

Logistics:Logistics: The handling of The handling of operational details.operational details.

Education requirements Education requirements range from apprenticeships range from apprenticeships to advanced degrees.to advanced degrees.

Careers will grow faster than Careers will grow faster than average except for some that average except for some that decline as automation decline as automation increases.increases.

- Production- Production- Manufacturing - Manufacturing

Production Process Production Process DevelopmentDevelopment

- Maintenance, - Maintenance, Installation, and Installation, and RepairRepair

- Quality Assurance- Quality Assurance- Logistics and - Logistics and

Inventory ControlInventory Control- Health, Safety, and - Health, Safety, and

Environmental Environmental AssuranceAssurance

MarketingMarketing

The cluster includes all jobs The cluster includes all jobs involved in buying, distributing, involved in buying, distributing, marketing, and selling marketing, and selling products.products.

E-marketing:E-marketing: The use of The use of computer technology to market computer technology to market goods and services.goods and services.

Overall demand for employees Overall demand for employees in this cluster is high.in this cluster is high.

Many entry-level jobs exist. Many entry-level jobs exist. Employment opportunities are Employment opportunities are greater for those with more greater for those with more education.education.

- Marketing - Marketing ManagementManagement

- Professional Sales- Professional Sales- Merchandising- Merchandising- Marketing - Marketing

CommunicationsCommunications- Marketing Research- Marketing Research

Science, Technology, Science, Technology, Engineering & MathematicsEngineering & Mathematics

Workers use math and science Workers use math and science to deal with real-world issues.to deal with real-world issues.

Engineers and technologists Engineers and technologists use scientific principles to use scientific principles to develop new designs and develop new designs and systems.systems.

Most jobs in this field require Most jobs in this field require advanced college degrees advanced college degrees with a firm background in with a firm background in math and science.math and science.

The employment outlook The employment outlook remains very strong.remains very strong.

- Engineering and - Engineering and TechnologyTechnology

- Science and Math- Science and Math

Transportation, Transportation, Distribution & LogisticsDistribution & Logistics

Land, water, and air Land, water, and air transportation industries transportation industries offer many employment offer many employment opportunities.opportunities.

Employment is also Employment is also available in logistics and available in logistics and distribution systems that distribution systems that support the transportation support the transportation industries.industries.

Entry-level jobs require on-Entry-level jobs require on-the-job training or licensing.the-job training or licensing.

Other positions require Other positions require college degrees.college degrees.

-- TTransportation ransportation OperationsOperations

-- Logistics Planning and Logistics Planning and Management ServicesManagement Services

-- Warehousing and Warehousing and Distribution Center Distribution Center OperationsOperations

-- Facility and Mobile Facility and Mobile Equipment MaintenanceEquipment Maintenance

- Transportation System/ - Transportation System/ Infrastructure Planning, Infrastructure Planning, Management, and Management, and RegulationRegulation

-- Health, Safety, and Health, Safety, and Environmental Environmental ManagementManagement

-- Sales and ServiceSales and Service

Thinking BackThinking Back

What career do you What career do you want to pursue?want to pursue?

What career What career clusters interest clusters interest you? Why?you? Why?

What jobs do you What jobs do you think will be think will be needed in the needed in the future?future?