part 21

Part 21Aircraft Certification &Type CertificatesIA Seminar 3/9/13

Federal AviationAdministrationDesign Approval; New TCsSL-*-NTC

Overview


ObjectivesIdentify what the Aircraft Certification Service (AIR) is and the roll the organization plays in aircraft maintenance.

Identify what type design data is.

Characteristics of a Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS).

Identify some of the key documents that make up Continued Airworthiness data, i.e., limitations, maintenance manuals, and their changes.


Objectives, cont.Define Airworthiness and how it plays a roll in the IAs world.

Recognize the categories of TCs and general requirements that must be met for their issuance.

How TCs relate to airworthiness certificates.


Aircraft Certification Service (AIR)


FAA Regions BoundariesFlight Standards Regions


Directorate Boundaries


Interconnected


AirworthinessPart 21.1 defines airworthiness approval as: a document issued by the FAA for an aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, or article which certifies that the aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller or article conforms to its approved design and is in a condition for safe operation.


Standard Airworthiness Certificate

UNITED STATES OF AMERICADEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION-FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATIONSTANDARD AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE1NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS2MANUFACTURER AND MODEL3AIRCRAFT SERIAL NUMBER4CATEGORY5AUTHORITY AND BASIS FOR ISSUANCEThis airworthiness certificate is issued pursuant to the 49 U.S.C. 44704 and certifies that, as of the date of issuance, the aircraft to which issued has been inspected and found to conform to the type certificate therefore, to be in condition for safe operation, and has been shown to meet the requirements of the applicable comprehensive and detailed airworthiness code as provided by Annex8 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, except as noted herein.Exceptions:6TERMS AND CONDITIONSUnless sooner surrendered, suspended, revoked, or a termination date is otherwise established by the FAA, this airworthiness certificate is effective as long as the maintenance, preventative maintenance, and alterations are performed in accordance with Parts21,43, and 91 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, as appropriate, and the aircraft is registered in the UnitedStates.DATE OF ISSUANCEFAA REPRESENTATIVEDESIGNATION NUMBERAny iteration, reproduction, or misuse of this certificate may be punishable by a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or both. THISCERTIFICATE MUST BE DISPLAYED IN THE AIRCRAFT IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS.


Airworthiness LinksStandard Airworthiness Certificates states:

This airworthiness certificate is effective as long as the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations are preformed in accordance with parts 21, 43, 91


Part 21, 43, 91 Connection

UNITED STATES OF AMERICADEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION-FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATIONSTANDARD AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE1NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS2MANUFACTURER AND MODEL3AIRCRAFT SERIAL NUMBER4CATEGORY5AUTHORITY AND BASIS FOR ISSUANCEThis airworthiness certificate is issued pursuant to the 49 U.S.C. 44704 and certifies that, as of the date of issuance, the aircraft to which issued has been inspected and found to conform to the type certificate therefore, to be in condition for safe operation, and has been shown to meet the requirements of the applicable comprehensive and detailed airworthiness code as provided by Annex8 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, except as noted herein.Exceptions:6TERMS AND CONDITIONSUnless sooner surrendered, suspended, revoked, or a termination date is otherwise established by the FAA, this airworthiness certificate is effective as long as the maintenance, preventative maintenance, and alterations are performed in accordance with Parts21,43, and 91 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, as appropriate, and the aircraft is registered in the UnitedStates.DATE OF ISSUANCEFAA REPRESENTATIVEDESIGNATION NUMBERAny iteration, reproduction, or misuse of this certificate may be punishable by a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or both. THISCERTIFICATE MUST BE DISPLAYED IN THE AIRCRAFT IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS.


What does this have to do with IAs?CFR Part 65.95 Privileges and Limitations:

Gives the IA the authority to inspect and approve for return to service any aircraft or related part or appliance after a major repair or major alteration to it, in accordance with Part 43.


Return to Service StatementsCFR Part 43 gives the IA the authority to make Return to Service Statements. These statements attest to conformity.

What is Conformity?


Definition Of The Term Airworthy for U.S. Type-Certificated (TC) Aircraft. Although the term airworthy is defined in 14 CFR 3.5(a), a clear understanding of its meaning is essential for use in the FAAs airworthiness certification program. Below is a summary of the conditions necessary for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate. A review of case law relating to airworthiness reveals two conditions that must be met for an aircraft to be considered airworthy. Title 49, United States Code (49 U.S.C.) 44704(c) and 14 CFR 21.183(a), (b), and (c) state that the following two conditions necessary for issuance of an airworthiness certificate:

a. The aircraft must conform to its type design. Conformity to the type design is considered attained when the aircraft configuration and the engine, propeller, and articles installed are consistent with the drawings, specifications, and other data that are part of the TC. This includes any supplemental type certificate (STC) and repairs and alterations incorporated into the aircraft.

b. The aircraft must be in a condition for safe operation. This refers to the condition of the aircraft relative to wear and deterioration, for example, skin corrosion, window delamination/crazing, fluid leaks, and tire wear.


It all Start Here

The Birth Certificate of an Aircraft

Type Certificate Data Sheet(TCDS)


21.41, Type CertificatesA type certificate is issued upon FAA approval of Applicant design documentation for aircraft, engine, or propeller.






2-*21.31, Type design includes technical data to define an approved configuration and allow for its reproducibility21.31, Type Design


Changes in Type DesignChange RequiresSome type of FAA engineering approval Submission of revised/changed data


More About TCsEligibility, 21.13 Any interested person

Privileges, 21.45 May obtain: Airworthiness Certificates; Approval for Installation; A Production Certificate, including approval of replacement parts

Responsibilities, 21.3 Report malfunctions, failures and defects 21.49 Make the TC available to FAA & NTSB 21.99 Make design changes to correct unsafe conditions


2-*Requires FAA approval21.50, Instructions for Continued AirworthinessFAA can impose limitations in interest of safety

Chapters 4 or 5


2-*Changes to Airworthiness Limitations


TC CategoriesStandard

Primary

Restricted

Surplus military

Import Products


21.21, Standard US TC21.21, Issue of TC for Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, Commuter, Transport Aircraft; Manned Free Balloons; Special Classes of Aircraft; Aircraft Engines; PropellersThe applicant who meets the requirements of either subparagraphs (a) or (b) is entitled to a TC


21.24, Primary Category: Purpose

A means to create a source of simple, relatively inexpensive, aircraft for recreational flying throughSimpler certification standardsStreamlined processMeans for owner to perform certain preventative maintenanceNot for carrying people or property for compensation or hire


21.21 & 21.24 ComparedRegardless of the process, the FAA may still review data at its discretion


21.25, Restricted CategorySpecial purpose operations, such as: Agricultural Forest and wildlife conservation Aerial surveying Patrolling Weather control Aerial advertising Operation specified by FAA

Two avenues for type certification Civil; purpose-built21.25(a)(1) Surplus U.S. military21.25(a)(2)


21.25(a)(1) & (a)(2) ComparedUnder 21.25(a)(1)Under 21.25(a)(2) Have no feature or characteristic that makes it unsafe when operated within its prescribed limitations Meet noise standards of 14 CFR 36 (exception: special purpose)Must meet airworthiness requirements of a standard category,Exception: Thoseinappropriate for the specialpurposeAccepted for use by the military and found acceptable for civilian use as modified and with appropriate limitations


21.27, Surplus MilitarySpecifies the type certification of surplus aircraft of the U.S. Armed Forces


21.29, Import ProductsFocuses on products manufactured in a country with an agreement (BAA or BASA) with the USOur approval is dependent upon the FCAAs


Objectives Review

part 21

Documents

airworthiness approval

aircraft maintenance

aircraft engine

continued airworthiness

detailed airworthiness

type design data

maintenance manuals

preventative maintenance