PART 1: PHYSICAL AND WORLD GEOGRAPHY [Section 1]Topics Covered Slide Numbers1 The Universe [2 – 3]1.1 Three Theories of How the Universe Began [4-6]1.2 A Galaxy and the Local Group [7-8]1.3 Our Solar System []1.4 Constellation [9]1.5 Hubble’s Classification of Galaxies [10]1.6 Cosmology [11]1.7 Cosmic Rays [12-13]

Published by

Pearson Education IndiaAuthored by

Edgar Thorpe & Showick Thorpe

Question 1: The farthest ordinary galaxy yet detected is

Answer: Abell 1835 IR 1916

Extra Fact PunchAbell 1835 IT 1916, the farthest ordinary galaxy yet detected is 13230 million light years away from Earth and is receding at 45% of the speed of light.

Question 2: If Abell 1835 is the farthest ordinary galaxy yet detected then what is Abell 2218?

Answer: Abell 2218 is the most distant object in the universe.

Extra Fact PunchAbell 2218 is the most distant object as on July 14,2004.This corresponds to a distance greater than 2 billion light years.

Question 3:

The most widely accepted theory of origin of universe is? Answer: The Big Bang.

Extra Fact Punch

Three theories contribute to the formation of universe, (a) The big bang(b) The oscillating universe theory(c) The steady state theory.

Question 4: When did the big bang receive its confirmation?

Answer: In 1964 by Amo Penzias and Robert Wilson.

Extra Fact Punch

The theory received its strongest confirmation when ’cosmic background radiation’ was discovered.

Question 5: Do you think its possible to measure the temperature of celestial bodies? If yes, then name the instrument used to measure the temperature of ‘cosmic microwave background’?

Answer: Wilkinson Microwave Antisotrophy Probe.

Extra Fact Punch The measurements made possible to assume that our universe is 13.7 million years old. The first star came into being 200 million years after the Big Bang.

Question 6: The second largest member of the local group being the Milky Way, then which one is the first?

Answer: The Andromeda galaxy.

Extra Fact PunchThe most distant objects in the local group are M31, the Andromeda galaxy and M33,all of them being more than 2 million light away from our galaxy.

Question 7: Andromeda Galaxy is closest to milky way. Is this statement true or false?

Answer: True.

Extra Fact PunchAndromeda is about 6.8*10 light years away from our galaxy.

Question 8: How many constellations are known to us?

Answer: 88 different constellations.

Extra Fact PunchThey are named by the Greeks and Romans, or by Arabs.

Question 9: Hubble classified galaxies into ?

Answer: Three shapes (a) elliptical

(b) spiral (c) carred spiral.

Extra Fact PunchEdwin Hubble, the American astronomer was the first to study galaxies .

Question 10: The area of astronomy that deals with basis and progression of the universe is.

Answer: Cosmology

Extra Fact Punch

Edwin Hubble, the American astronomer was the first to study galaxies.

Question 11: Atomic particles from space, which travel close to the speed of light?

Answer: Cosmic rays.

Extra Fact PunchMost of them are protons, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms, but the nuclei of heavier elements are also present.

Question 12: If solar flare ejects the slower particles then energetic particles result from?

Answer: stellar explosion.

Extra Fact PunchAtomic particle from space, travel close to the speed of light.