part 1: energy, foreign policy, and our future

Part 1:

Energy, Foreign Policy, and our

Future

Petroleum in the United States

Nuclear Power and Large-Scale Accidents

• The insurance industry refuses to fully insure it

• Nuclear industry would not exist without the 1959 Price-Anderson Act, limited liability in an accident

• 2001 renewal set limit of $9 billion per accident, only 2% from the insurance industry and 98% from us

• Chernobyl cost $350 billion

• NRC estimated $300 billion for worst-case accident

Percentage of national biocapacity currently being consumed

• World as a whole:

120%

• World’s 10 richest nations:

185%

• World’s 10 poorest nations:

37%

National Security Strategyof the United States

We will disrupt and destroy terrorist organizations by

• defending the United States, the American people, and our interests at home and abroad by identifying and destroying the threat before it reaches our borders. While the United States will constantly strive to enlist the support of the international community, we will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self defense by acting preemptively against such terrorists, to prevent them from doing harm against our people and our country; and

• denying further sponsorship, support, and sanctuary to terrorists by convincing or compelling states to accept their sovereign responsibilities.


We will disrupt and destroy terrorist organizations by

• supporting moderate and modern government, especially in the Muslim world, to ensure that the conditions and ideologies that promote terrorism do not find fertile ground in any nation;

“The American people continue to demand

plentiful and cheap energy without sacrifice

or inconvenience. But emerging

technologies are not yet commercially viable

to fill shortages and will not be for some

time.”

-- Baker Institute of Public Policy, report to VP Dick Cheney, 2001

“Strong economic growth across the globe and

new global demands for more energy have

meant the end of sustained surplus capacity in

hydrocarbon fuels and the beginning of

capacity limitations. In fact, the world is

currently precariously close to utilizing all of its

available global oil production capacity.”


“Gulf allies are finding their domestic and foreign policy

interests increasingly at odds with U.S. strategic

considerations . . . evidence suggests that investment is

not being made in a timely enough manner to increase

production capacity in line with growing global needs. A

trend toward anti-Americanism could affect regional

leaders’ ability to cooperate with the United States in the

energy area.”


“The resulting tight markets have increased

U.S. and global vulnerability to disruption

and provided adversaries undue potential

influence over the price of oil. Iraq has

become a key "swing" producer, posing a

difficult situation for the U.S. government.”


“Iraq remains a destabilizing influence

to US allies in the Middle East, as

well as to regional and global order,

and to the flow of oil to international

markets.”


Part 2:

Iraq and the West, 1918-2003

Gen. Wesley Clark: “There was a concerted effort during the fall of 2001, starting immediately after 9/11, to pin 9/11 and the terrorism problem on Saddam Hussein.”

Tim Russert: “By who? Who did that?”

Clark: “Well, it came from the White House… I was on CNN, I got a call saying, “You got to say this is connected…”

NBC’s Meet the Press, June 15, 2003

The 2003 Iraq War:

"For bureaucratic reasons we settled on one issue, weapons of mass destruction, because it was the one reason everyone could agree on."

- Vanity Fair, quoting

Paul Wolfowitz,

Deputy Secretary Of Defense

The best way to deal with the problem of “rogue states” is not to create or assist them:

• Greek dictators• Ferdinand Marcos, Philippines• Francois Duvalier, Haiti• Gulf kingdoms • Anastasio Somoza, Nicaragua• Guatemalan strongmen Non-oil exporter• Mobuto Sese Seko, Zaire• Brazilian junta Oil exporter,• Gen. Suharto, Indonesia but friendly to US

• Gen. Augusto Pinochet, Chile• South Africa’s apartheid regime• Shah of Iran• Afghan Mujahedeen

Iraq and the West

“Our armies do not come into your cities and landsas conquerors or enemies, but as liberators. Yourwealth has been stripped of you by unjust men…The people of Baghdad shall flourish under institutions that are in consonance with their sacred laws… The Arab race may rise once more to greatness.”

- General F.S. Maude, British commander in Iraq, 1917, after defeating the Ottoman Turks.

Iraq and the West: 1. After World War I

1917: British take Baghdad during WWI

1918: France gets League of Nations mandate for Syria &

Lebanon, Britain gets it for Iraq & Palestine

1925: Turkish Petroleum Co. (under British control) gets oil

concession for all of Iraq for 20 pence per ton

1928: Two US oil companies that today are joined as Exxon-

Mobil get 24% share in Turkish Petroleum – renamed

International Petroleum Co. - IPC

Iraq and the West: 2. “Independence”

1932: Iraq is granted “independence” under British-backed King

Faisal I

1941: Unrest; Britain invades Iraq, installs new king

1951: Mossadeq of Iran nationalizes British Petroleum

1953: Mossadeq overthrown by US in CIA-led coup; Shah is

installed as Iran’s dictator

3. Foreign control of Iraq’s oil

• 1958: Nationalist Abdel Karim Qasim overthrows Iraqi king,

declares that “we have liberated the country from a corrupt group

which was installed by imperialism.”

• 1958: U.S. and Britain prepare to invade Iraq, but the new regime

promises not to disturb foreign oil interests

• 1963: IPC reaps profits of $323M in a single year, on total

investment of $50M

4. Ba’athist era begins

• 1963: Qasim overthrown by Ba’ath-army coalition; coup

reportedly “inspired by CIA.”

• 1963: New rulers give new oil concessions to IPC

• 1967: Iraq, U.S. break relations after Israeli-Arab war;

concessions are taken back

5. Saddam takes over

• 1968: Saddam Hussein becomes vice-president and,

increasingly, the real power in Iraq

• 1972: Iraq nationalizes the IPC and turns to France and

USSR for technical assistance and credit

• 1973: Iraq helps lead Arab oil embargo against the West

• 1973-1990: Increased oil revenues spark rapid increase in

Iraq’s standard of living, infrastructure investment, education,

agricultural production, etc.

6. Iran erupts; US sides with Iraq in war

• 1979: Saddam Hussein becomes president of Iraq, spends 8.4%

of the nation’s GDP on military buildup

• 1979: Shah Reza Pahlavi is overthrown and the Islamic Republic

of Iran is established

• 1980: Iraq invades Iran; Iraq and US secretly agree to re-

establish diplomatic relations

7. US ignores Iraq’s gas warfare

• 1983 (Nov): BBC reports

on Iraq’s use of chemical

weapons

• 1983 (Dec): Presidential

envoy Donald Rumsfeld

meets with Saddam to

propose oil pipeline deal

7. Continued support for Iraq

• 1984: U.S. State Dept. condemns Iraq’s continued use of

gas warfare against Iranian troops; Rumsfeld goes back to

Iraq to push the pipeline deal

• 1984: US and Iraq officially re-establish relations

• 1986: US casts sole vote against UN statement

condemning Iraq’s use of mustard gas

8. The Iran-Iraq war ends

• 1984-88: US, Britain, and France supply massive amounts of

military aid to Iraq

• 1986-88: US helps Iraq with missile technology, satellite data

and battle planning – and attacks Iranian ships

• 1980s: US sends cultures of anthrax and other microbial

species that were later used in bioweapons program

• 1988: Iran-Iraq war ends in virtual stalemate; 1,000,000 dead

9. Buildup to another war

• 1990: Iraq, with $80B war debt and depressed oil prices,

protests Kuwait’s “slant drilling” under Iraqi territory

• 1990, July: US ambassador tells Saddam: “We have no

opinion on Arab-Arab conflicts like your border

disagreement with Kuwait. All we hope is that these

issues are resolved quickly.”

• 1990, Aug.: Iraq invades Kuwait

9. The Gulf War and sanctions

• 1991: Gulf War: US expels Iraq from Kuwait, leaves Saddam in

power, imposes sanctions through the UN

• 1991-98: More than 500,000 excess deaths of Iraqi children

from war, the resulting infrastructure collapse, and sanctions

(UN estimate)

• 1997: Chief UN inspector reports that 93% of Iraq’s weapons

capacity is destroyed. He is replaced at US’s urging

• 1998: UN Inspectors are withdrawn in preparation for heavy

US-British bombing. They don’t return for almost 5 years

10. “Mission accomplished”

• 1991-99: France, Russia, China, and Italy sign deals to develop Iraq’s oilfields

if and when sanctions are lifted

• 1991-2003: US-led sanctions on equipment imports hold Iraq’s oil production

down to only a fraction of its potential

• Sept. 11, 2001: Donald Rumsfeld orders Pentagon to work on plans for an

attack on Iraq.

• Mar. 20, 2003: US armed forces invade and occupy Iraq

• May 26, 2003: Iraq governor Paul Bremer declares the country “open for

business.”


We will promote economic growth and economic freedom beyond America’s shores.

• pro-growth legal and regulatory policies;• tax policies—particularly lower marginal tax rates—that

improve incentives for work and investment;• strong financial systems that allow capital to be put to its

most efficient use;• sound fiscal policies to support business activity;• investments in health and education that improve the well-

being and skills of the labor force and population as a whole; and

• free trade that provides new avenues for growth

Postwar Iraq: Contracts

Halliburton

Bechtel

MCI (Worldcom)

Stevedoring Services of America

Creative Associates International

Dyncorp

Fluor Corporation

Parsons Corporation

Part 3:

The Defense Industry


The United States must and will maintain the capability to defeat any attempt by an enemy—whether a state or non-state actor—to impose its will on the United States, our allies, or our Our forces will be strong enough to dissuade potential adversaries from pursuing a military build-up in hopes of surpassing, or equaling, the power of the United States.

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Supplementalappropriationfor Iraq war

The working class of America bears the greatest burden in wartime

“The US military is overwhelmingly working-class,

from all racial and ethnic backgrounds, 90% of

whom enter the forces have a high school diploma,

and come from families with a median income of

$33,000 a year - about one-third below average

national income.”

R. Fantasia and K. Voss: ”Bush Administration’s Low-Intensity War Against Labor” , Le Monde Diplomatique, June 18, 2003


“The war on Iraq has already cost the U.S. $80 billion and it is expected to cost more than $200 billion when reconstruction in Iraq is finished.”

- Fantasia and Voss


“At the same time the U.S economy is suffering from a

serious economic crisis at home with massive

unemployment, state and local budget crises,

and cut-backs in health care, education, Medicare

and other vital services that affect working class

people disproportionately.”

- Fantasia and Voss

Top 10 US defense contractors, 2002and size of their federal contracts

1) Lockheed Martin Corp. $17B2) Boeing Co. $16.6B3) Northrop Grumman Corp. $8.7B4) Raytheon Co. $7B5) General Dynamics Corp. $7B6) United Technologies Corp. $3.6B7) Science Applications International $2.1B8) TRW Inc. $2B9) Health Net, Inc. $1.7B10) L-3 Communications Holdings, Inc. $1.7B

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Rest of Middle East andSouth Asia - 333

Europe - 168.7

Americas - 112.9

East Asia & Pacific - 25

Africa - 16.5

US Military Aid Appropriations 2003By Region

Amount in Million $

[Unwritten] National Security Strategy

of the United States

We will attack only those nations that are incapable of mounting even a minimally effective defense.

Targets of attack Non-Targets, past & present

• Grenada

• Panama

• Afghanistan

• Iraq, 1991, 2003

• Soviet Union

• China

• North Korea

• Syria

• Iran ?

“Support Our Troops”

On March 20th, Congress overwhelmingly

passed a resolution to “Support Our Troops” by

expressing “the gratitude of the Nation to all

members of the United States Armed Forces”.

The next morning, the House of Representatives

voted to cut nearly $25 billion from veterans

healthcare and benefit programs over the next

ten years.- Veterans for Common Sense

“Support Our Troops”

In addition, the Bush administration

ordered medical centers to stop

publicizing available benefits to

veterans seeking care.

- Veterans for Common Sense

Part 4:

Consequences for international

and domestic law


We will take the actions necessary to ensure that our efforts to meet our global security commitments and protect Americans are not impaired by the potential for investigations, inquiry, or prosecution by the International Criminal Court (ICC), whose jurisdiction does not extend to Americans and which we do not accept.

US Opposition to International Treaties1. The 1972 Antiballistic Missile Treaty

2. 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, 1994 Protocol

3. United Nations Agreement to Curb the International Flow of Illicit Small Arms, 2001

4. UN Human Rights Commission, not reelected in 2001 after withholding dues to the UN of $244 million

5. International Criminal Court Treaty, 1998

6. Land Mine Treaty, 1997

7. Kyoto Protocol on controlling global warming, 1997

8. Meeting with EU nations to discuss economic espionage and electronic surveillance of phone calls, e-mail, and faxes, 2001

9. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001

10. Pledge by 123 nations to ban the use and production of anti-personnel bombs and mines, 2001

11. International Plan for Cleaner Energy, 2001

12. 10 UN General Assembly resolutions calling for an end to the US embargo of Cuba, 1991-2001 consecutively

13. Comprehensive [Nuclear] Test Ban Treaty, 1996

14. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989

15. Optional Protocol to the UN’s International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1989

16. UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979

17. International Court of Justice Ruling on Nicaragua, 1986

USA Patriot ActAllows the government to:

• Monitor religious and political institutions, even with no suspicion of criminal activity.

• Close once-public immigration hearings, secretly jail people without charges, and encourage bureaucrats to resist requests for public records.

• Prosecute librarians or keepers of any other records if they tell anyone that the government subpoenaed information related to a terror investigation.

• Monitor federal jailhouse conversations between attorneys and clients, and deny lawyers to Americans accused of crimes.

• Search and seize Americans' papers and effects without probable cause.

• Jail Americans indefinitely without a trial and deny them the right to confront witnesses against them.

“The Clinton Administration’s paranoid and

prurient interest in [monitoring]

international email is a wholly unhealthy

precedent . . . Every medium by which

people communicate can be subject to

exploitation by those with illegal or

immoral intentions . . .

. . . Nevertheless, this is no reason to hand

Big Brother the keys to unlock our email

diaries, open our ATM records, or

translate our international

communications.”

-- U.S. Senator John Ashcroft, op-ed

column, Washington Post, Aug. 12, 1997

Domestic Security and Enhancement Act (“Patriot II”)

• Remove court-ordered prohibitions against police agencies spying on domestic groups

• Grant the FBI powers to conduct searches and surveillance based on intelligence gathered in foreign countries, without first obtaining a court order

• Create a DNA database of suspected terrorists

• Prohibit any public disclosure of the names of alleged and/or arrested terrorists

• Exempt from civil liability people and businesses who voluntarily turn private information over to the government

• Criminalize the use of encryption to conceal incriminating communications

• Automatically deny bail to persons accused of terrorism-related crimes. All alleged terrorists would be required to demonstrate why they should be released on bail.

• Expand the list of crimes eligible for the death penalty

• Prevent the Environmental Protection Agency from releasing "worst case scenario" information to the public about chemical plants

• Revoke the US citizenship of people whom the government accuses of either providing material support to or members of terrorist groups be deported to foreign countries

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3

6

4

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1

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* Including state capital

** State legislature also

Numbers of cities & counties on record against the USA PATRIOT Act

3

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11

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6

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13

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5

42*

1*

1

3

2

4

11*

5*

1*

* Including capital city

** State legislature also

Numbers of cities & counties on record against the Iraq war

TheEnd

part 1: energy, foreign policy, and our future

Documents

nation slide

future slide

worstcase accident slide

united states

compelling states

vp dick cheney

foreign policy interests

global vulnerability