paris, a new economic geography for the metropolitan area sprawl & reagglomeration – vertical...
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Paris, a new economic geographyfor the metropolitan area
Sprawl & Reagglomeration – Vertical spatial disintegration
Frédéric Gilli - Sciences Po, Chaire Ville
LSE 'London Group'06.23.2008
Paris, 1970s – 00s : a new economic geography
From an iconic monocentric city to a multipolar metropolis: how disintermediation, disindustrialization and spatial disintegration have changed the Economy of Paris Geography ?
Greater Paris Area : introduction to the local geography of people and jobs Industrial transformation and Spatial disintegration :
– Sprawl AND Reagglomeration
– Diversity AND Specialization
Evolution of the metropolitan organization : – Local and metropolitan systems embedded
– Discontinuities and fuzziness
Greater Paris Area - within the Paris Basin
Greater Paris Area, an interregional metropolis
Greater Paris Area – The Metropolitan structure and its evolution
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
160 000
180 000
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
distance to Paris (km)
inh. / km²per municipality
75 quantile
90 quantile
95 quantile
Mean
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
160 000
180 000
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
distance to Paris (km)
jobs / km²per municipality
75 quantile
90 quantile
95 quantile
Mean
Employment geography - Sprawl and Reagglomeration
Evolution 1975-1999Paris : -320 000 jobsCore : +100 000 jobsClusters : +390 000 jobsSprawl : +320 000 jobs
Local share of the metropolis 1975 1999Paris : 36% 28%Core : 27% 27%Clusters : 20% 25%Sprawl : 17% 21%
core
Employment clusters in the greater Paris Area, 1999
Employment dynamics – Sprawl AND Reagglomeration
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
Evolution de l'emploi dans la Région Urbaine de Paris 1993-2006
Tot RUP
Polarisé
Non polarisé
GC Non polarisé
GC polarisé
région IdF
année
base 100=1993
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
Evolution de l'emploi dans la Région Urbaine de Paris1993-2006
Tot RUP
région IdF
Paris
GC hors IdF
GC Idf
PC IdF
année
base 100=1993
What kind of Clusters? – Vertical spatial disintegration
GPA commuting system – Metropolis and proximity
The municipal median commuting distance diminishes at the fringes of the urban core
+
The average commuting distance increases in almost all the municipalities
=
Two types of job systems, a local one that narrows and a metropolitan one that is getting wider
Evolution of the median travel to work journey by municipality, 1990-1999
GPA commuting system
– Monocentric / multipolar / polynuclear
Multipolarisation des espaces locaux dans la RUP
Communes polarisées(plus de 10% de la population)
MultipolariséeBi-polarisée dont ParisBi-polarisée (sans Paris)Polarisée par ParisPolarisée par un pôle (autre que Paris)Aucun Pôle n'attire
How many clusters attract the population of the municipality?
3+2
10
Number of clusters
The 'zone dense',an introduction to spatial complexity
What kind of Geography – fuzzyness
bureaux étrangers
Mise en œuvre territoriale - Trois échelles métropolitaines
cinémas diplômés du
supérieur
Mise en œuvre territoriale - Trois échelles métropolitaines