pandacan oil depot redevelopment

5/28/2018 PANDACAN OIL DEPOT REDEVELOPMENT

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ADAPTIVE REUSE OF PANDACAN OIL

DEPOT

ARCH3375

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 8

MICHAEL T. QUERIDO

BS ARCHI 4 - 1

2009-01103-MN-0

ARCHT. JOCELYN RIVERA - LUTAP


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Brief History of Pandacan, Manila

Pandacan is one of the many districts of the city of Manila; located south of the Pasig

River Banks, southwest of Sta. Ana, east of Ermita and Northeast of Paco. It is divided into 38

Barangays (Barangays 833 to 872) which includes Zone 90 to Zone 95. Pandacan has a total

population of 82,194 in year 2000. Tagalong migrants from Bulacan were the original residents

of Pandacan.

Pandacan was originally established as the industrial center for the city of Manila during

the turn of the 20th century. Oil depots which service more than half of the fuel requirement of

the country were established along the banks of the Pasig River in the district.

Pandacan's western section, along Doctora Paz Pendoza-Guazon Street (formerly called

Otis Street) was once a row for manufacturing such ascoconut oil processing, rope making, and

soda bottling and distribution forCoca-Cola. Pandacan hosts most of the country's auto

dealerships and showrooms, such asToyota,Honda,Nissan,Ford andIsuzu.

Officially, Pandacan was established as a community in 1574 whenFranciscan priests of

the Roman Catholic Church established the first mission in the district. Pandacan was originally

part of the parish ofSampaloc;it was later established as a separate parish in 1712.

Pandacan was a farming community, producing small quantities ofrice andsugar that

were sold to the Spanish enclave inIntramuros. Aside from a few vegetable plots, the old

Pandacan produced bricks and tiles, colored cotton laces but in limited quantities. The district

also produced shoes and small boats.

In the 19th century, Pandacan was described as a "LittleVenice"or "LittleItaly"for its

numerouscanals or estuaries leading to the Pasig River. Many would leisurely row through the

estuaries in the late afternoons as described byFrancisco Balagtas in his early writings.

Pandacan was home to balladeers and a source of musicians in the early times.

Late in the Spanish era and into the American regime, Pandacan was developed into becoming

the first industrial estate in the Philippines. The first modern manufacturing company was built

in Pandacan and was called theCompaia General de Tabacos de Filipinas in 1882, a modern

cigar-making plant.

By the turn of the 19th century, the American colonial government decreed Pandacan asthe center for industrial activity and had oil companies build their storage and distribution

facilities in the district.

With the presence of several manufacturing facilities in the district, a modern housing

facility was built to house the workers at the nearby oil depots. The housing project was called

"Kapitan Tikong" (Captain Tikong) subdivision, named after a popular local leader. The housing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuzuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Balagtashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compa%C3%B1ia_General_de_Tabacos_de_Filipinas&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compa%C3%B1ia_General_de_Tabacos_de_Filipinas&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Balagtashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuzuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut_oil


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facility was built on the southeastern banks of the Estero de Beata. In honor of Francisco

Baltazar, the streets in the subdivision were named after the characters ofFlorante at Laura.

The Pandacan Oil Depot

The old farming community before were now seen as an Industrial Complex ever since

the American occupies the Philippines. In 1914 Shell established its facilities on the area,

followed by Caltex (now Chevron) in 1917, and Petron in 1922.

Pandacan Oil depot is a 33 hectare compound

that houses the facilities and distribution terminals of

then so called Phillipines Bog 3 Chevron, Petron, and

Shell. What can be found here is 313 million liters of

gasoline, diesel, bunker fuel, jet fuel, and other highly

volatile chemical substances.

The guarded fenced facility is in the city of

Manila, in close proximity to densely populated areas of

Pandacan, Paco, Sta. Mesa, and Sta. Ana. Along the

same riverbank, less than two kilometres away, lies the

seat of the nations power, Malacanang Palace.

Figure 1 The Pandacan Oil Depot (wikimapia.com)

Figure 2 Oil Silos in Pandacan Depot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florante_at_Laurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florante_at_Laurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florante_at_Laurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florante_at_Laura


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Incidents and Ordinances

Several incidents were associated to the oil depot that has caused damage to properties

and threats to lives of the people over the years. Two Shell oil tankers exploded within its

premises in February 1997. Fires in Muntinlupa in 1999 were caused by pipeline leaks. Tanker

was set on fire on the foot of Nagtahan Bridge in 2008. Recently, in July 2010, the FPCunderground pipeline leak caused panic and anxiety among residents as water mixed with oil

on basement of West tower Condominium in Barangay Bangkal, Makati City.

In 2001, Ordinance No. 8027 was passed by the Manila City Council. This ordinance re-

classified Pandacan from industrial to a commercial area. It gave oil companies six months to

vacate the area. Ordinance No. 8119, in 2006 ordered the phasing out of hazardous industries

in the city, which includes the oil depot. In March 2009, Ordinance 8027 was endorsed by

Supreme Court; while the City Coubcil passed Ordinance No. 81817 to contradict the SC

message of primacy of life over the interest of private companies. This time, the area was re-

classified as a heavy industrial zone allowing highly pollutive and extremely hazardous

industries operate here, including oil refineries. Thus, this allowed the oil depot to remain. In

May 28, 2009, Mayor Alfredo Lim approved the controversial Ordinance 7177, which allows the

oil depot here in Pandacan to stay. It supersedes the previous Ordinance 8027which classified

Pandacan and Sta. Ana as residential and commercial areas instead of industrial.

In late 2012, Ordinance No. 8283 re-classified the area as a high-intensity commercial

zone, thus giving the oil depot until 2016 to relocate, but it was barred by outgoing Mayor

Alfredo Lim. Instead, proposals have been set forth to transfer the facilities to the North

Ahrbor, still in the City of Manila. However, this is likewise a highly populated area and wouldnot eradicate the hazards to life and property.

The Lament of Pandacan Residents

At present, an estimated 85,000 people live in Pandacan.

Nearby, there are elementary and high schools, and across the

Pasig River the Polytechnic University of the Philippines with more

than 60,000 students.

There have been consistent calls from civic and churchgroups for relocation of the oil depot to an area far from the

general population where it will cause hazards, lives and

properties.

Counter arguments claim that this will mean a loss of

income for the residents and the city. However, Antonio Santos,

Figure 3 Campaign Poster against

Mayor Lim and City council's City

ordinance. (mypandacan.com)


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lifelong resident of Pandacan and president of AESJ (Advocates for Environment and Social

Justice) said that only real taxes are paid to the City of Manila since the company taxes are paid

to the City of Makati where the companies headquarters are located. And Santos also pointed

out that only 1,500 workers are employed within the depot which most of them are not even

residents of Manila.AESJ is a league of organizations including South Balagtas Neighbourhood Association

(SBNA), Samahang Sariling Sikap, Movement for the Advancement of Student Power (MASP),

Teatro Balagtas (TBP), and Akbayan Dist. VI. It has been very voacal about the need to remove

and rehabilitate the area known as the Pandacan Depot.

Pandacan Oil Depots Transformation

Various organizations specifically AESJ have collaborated with many experts to draw up

plans not only to remove hazardous facilities but also the area that will be vacated.

According to Santos, the large complex when opened up as business centres, sports

complex, cultural venues, etc. will surely increase the employment rate nearby and the

environment will be beneficial too.

To answer this, People especially on the planning and construction industry should

make a proposal that will benefit equally the people and environment. A planned unit

development where everything is on one cluster will be the most appropriate solution when

companies vacate the site.

This redevelopment of such is not new anymore to our country. Rockwell Centre in

Makati which is also located along the Pasig River banks is an old 15.5 hectare thermal power

plant operated by Lopez ownedManila Electric Railroad and Light Company.

Rockwell Center began its construction in 1998. The design of the centre was carried out

by international architectural firm Skidmore, Owings, Merril under the direction of former

design partner Larry Oltmanns.

Figure 4 Power Plant Mall exterior (right) and interior (left); opened in

December 2000 were the masterpiece of Rockwell Centre. (en.wikipedia.org)


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The Rockwell Center includes high-rise office buildings, condominium towers, a law and

business schools and a shopping mall.

Bonifacio Global City (BGC) in Taguig an old military camp was converted, in 2003 by

Ayala Land, Inc. and Evergreen Holdings, Inc. partnered with Bases Conversion and

Development Authority; into a development where office buildings, residential condominiums,

mall and retails shops. This area that once synonymous to war was turned into a world class

business and residential centre today. BGC effectively links all this developments by properly

and intensively using not an ordinary public parks and spaces.

BGC and Rockwell Centers successful stories is an epitome that Pandacan Oil Depot

once vacated by the oil companies; by proper execution of plans, and strict administration will

surely be a another world-class development in our country.

Pandacan Oil Depot a Planned Unit Development

Planned Unit Development (PUD) controls and promotes:

A mixture of both land uses and dwelling types with at least one of the land uses beingregional in nature

The clustering of residential land uses providing public and common open space

Figure 5 Rockwell Center at night (left) and Bonifacio Global City Skyline (right). (en.wikipedia.org)


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Increased administrative discretion to a local professional planning staff while setting asidepresent land use regulations and rigid plat approval processes

The enhancement of the bargaining process between the developer and governmentmunicipalities which in turn strengthens the municipality's site plan review and control over

development for potentially increased profits due to land efficiency, multiple land uses, andincreased residential densities.

Frequently, PUDs take on a variety of forms ranging from small clusters of houses

combined with open spaces to new and developing towns with thousands of residents and

various land uses. However, the definition of a PUD does not take into consideration these

types of developments unless they fit into a category of size ranging from 100 to 200 acres (40

to 81 ha). In a PUD the property owner owns the land the dwelling sits on.

Planned unit development (PUD) ordinances allow developers flexibility to depart fromexisting zoning requirements in exchange for fulfilling an established set of planning criteria.

PUDs are also called planned residential developments (PRDs) or urban planned developments

(UPDs). The benefits of PUD can include more efficient site design and lower infrastructure and

maintenance costs. Ordinances can also be written to require or incentivize public benefits such

as affordable housing or open space in exchange for regulatory flexibility and assumed cost

savings. Tools likedensity bonuses andparking reductions can help underwrite the cost of

incorporating low- and moderate-income units into a project, either through established

incentive programs or implemented on a case-by-case basis through development.

PUDs are frequently created as floating or overlay zones. Alternatively, land slated for a

known project could be rezoned as a PUD. Standards will vary based on the intent of the

ordinance. For example, a PUD ordinance designed to add diverse housing forms to a single

family area could allow smaller lot sizes, attached dwellings or flexible setbacks. Determine the

mix of uses to be permitted in the PUD district, lot size requirements and guidelines for building

height, bulk, and design and site orientation. Open space allowances may be important for

large properties or on those where the density is greater than the surrounding zone. Design

guidelines complement PUD ordinances, and can help ensure appropriate community design

and compatibility with adjacent properties. Connecting PUDs to the overall fabric of the

community through good design, traffic circulation and site requirements is essential for

success and community buy-in. Review of proposed PUDs is often site and project specific.

Designating PUDs or offering them as a development option are good techniques to

motivate redevelopment of brownfields or vacant properties in urban centers. PUDs are

generally directed at market rate developments, but subsidized projects can locate in PUDs as
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well. Because of the special nature of PUDs, and their potential to create housing forms that

differ from neighbouring properties, cities often stipulate affordable housing as a PUD

component through development agreements or in exchange for density bonuses. This can be

particularly helpful for growing, expensive housing markets and for ensuring that affordable

housing is developed as a part of new dense and diverse development.

Primarily these zones are seen on a Planned Unit Development:

Subdivision Design and Planning

PD 957 or otherwise known as The Subdivision and Condominium Law of the Philippines

mandates and governs the design, allocation and ordinances on developing a subdivision.

Planning Considerations

1. Area PlanningPlanning and designing of subdivision shall take into account the following:

a. Safety and general welfare of the future occupants;b. Adequate, safe, efficient and integrative road circulation system servicing every lot

herein.

c. Judicious allocation of land uses for diversity and amenityd. Preservation of sitee. Proper siting or orientation of lotsf. Harmony with existing and proposed development in the vicinityg. Application of workable design principles or parameters for a well planned and self

sustaining environment.

When a developer or planer submits a Planned Unit Development (PUD) type project,

the layout shall likewise conform to the standards for residential/condominium projects.

a. Open spacesOpen spaces shall conform to the provisions of PD 1216 and its implementing rules

and regulations and shall include the following:

a.1 Streetsadequate and safe means of vehicular and pedestrian circulations and

easements for utilities and planting strips shall be provided.

a.2 Walks paved walks shall be provided to the living units from streets, parking

spaces and from living units to play areas.


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a.3 Parks and playgroundsuitable recreational area(s) shall be allocated with the

subdivision. Where applicable a hierarchy of such recreational areas may be

provided for, such that, a strategically located main park area is supplemented or

complemented by one or smaller pockets or areas for recreational use.

THE RADBURN IDEA

The Radburn plan developed by Clarence Stein and Henry

Wright serves as the prototype of community planning. It was

inspired by Sir Ebenezer Howards Garden City and became

one of the most influential models in urban planning. The

concept of the Radburn plan concentrated on building a

community where harmony in private and open spaces exists.

ELEMENTS OF THE RADBURN IDEA

A. SUPERBLOCK

It is a grid of roads forming a large block of land with the inner

part to be used generally by the residents and pedestrians while

the outer portion forms the basic road networks use by

motorized vehicles where the traffic circulates. Through the

application of this concept, housing developments were able to

improve the separation of pedestrian and vehicular circulation

reducing accident risk within the community. Since a superblock

is larger than the normal city block, it provides greater setbacks

for buildings and eliminates the use of back alley.Figure 7 The Radburn plan sho

the cul-de-sacs in a superblock ar

the central park. The Time S

Standards for Urban Planning

Figure 6 Plan of Radburn completed

by 1930, Radburn, New Jersey


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B. SPECIALIZED HIGHWAY SYSTEM

Specialized roads planned and built for one used instead of for all uses. Roads are being

use according to their functions and capacities. This provides access to land uses whilemaintaining roadway safety and ensuring

traffic flows.

C. COMPLETE SEPARATION OF VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC

Separation of pedestrian and vehiculartraffic was made possible through the

superblock. The provision of cul-de-sac or

dead end road being surrounded by

houses used to calm the traffic flow. This

also provides walkways, pedestrian

overpass and underpass to different places

from the roads.

Figure 8 Hierarchy of Roads (left). Diagram showing the street network structure of Radburn (right).

Figure 9 Plan of a typical lane at Radburn


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D. TURNED AROUND HOUSES

The houses being reversed so

that the living and sleeping

sections face toward the

garden and park areas, while

the kitchen and service rooms

face the access road.

E. PARK AS BACKBONE OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

Parks in the superblocks and open spaces with

recreational facilities in the community linked by

pedestrian paths saves the construction of roads and

making it a walkable community.

Themed subdivisions are now in a trend in our countries, developers nowadays also

takes into consideration a socialfriendly subdivisions by putting up spaces or parks for social

gatherings.

Figure 10 Site and house layout. Clarence Stein and

Henry Wright, Planners

Figure 11 Plan of a specific block atRadburn


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Condominium and Mixed- Use Development Design and Planning

A study conducted by the United Nations

predicted that much of the worlds population would beliving in cities in the near future. An appropriate solution

is to build vertically; hence, utilizing and maximizing the

potential of urban lands and real estate values.

Residential Condominium Developments plays a

big role in skyscraper industry, as these developments

have the most number of entries in the list of skyscrapers

in our country. Sometimes, they were the catalyst in new

building construction technologies as they need intensive

construction execution.

As per PD 957; the following must be considered

in planning and designing a Condominium Developments:

Planning Consideration

1. Area Planninga.

Supplementary and supportive activities to residential use shall be allowed providedthat the privacy, order, health and safety of the residents are not jeopardized nor

threatened and that the land use plan and/or zoning ordinance of the locality can

accommodate such mixture of land uses.

b. Open spaces shall be provided within the project site pursuant to the NationalBuilding Code of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules and Regulations. These

shall include courts, yards, setbacks, light wells, uncovered driveways, and access

roads, parking spaces, buffer strips, parks and playgrounds. Except as may hereafter

be otherwise provided these spaces shall be open from the ground to sky. The open

space shall also be allocated for basic and community facilities or common areas.c. Easements for utilities, such as drainage system, water supply, power lines and

communication lines, shall be integrated with land circulation system.

d. Building orientation on lot shall take into account proper ventilation, sunlight andland characteristics.

Figure 12 The Beacon Makati; a residential

condominium in Makati City


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e. No development shall be allowed within the 5-meter mandatory easement on bothsides of the Marikina Valley Fault Trace and such other fault traces as may be

identified by PHIVOLCS. (Approved per Board Res. No. 515, Series of 1992).

Design Parameters

1. Floor Area Requirementsa. Single-Occupancy Unit

Single occupancy units shall have a minimum floor area of 18 square meters,

however, a net floor area of 12 square meters may be allowed provided that:

a.1. These are intended for students/employees/workers and provided further that

the condominium project to which these will be integrated is within highly urbanized

areas.

a.2. The same shall be provided with common basic facilities such as laundry/drying

area and support amenities such as visitors lounge and dining area.

a.3. Said facilities/support amenities including all other measures that will ensure

compliance with the intended use of the unit shall be explicitly indicated in the

master deed/ contract to sell.

b. Family Dwelling Unit

The minimum floor area of family condominium units shall be 36 square meters and

22 square meters for open market and medium cost condominium project

respectively.

Most of condominium developments boasts their amenities such as Olympic size pool,

gym, day care centre, massage spa, home theatre, sky lounge etc. amenities however depends

on the market the developer wants to cater.

Figure 13 Amenity Floor of a Condominium development in Makati


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Office and Corporate Development Design and Planning

The design of office buildings is changing fast. How workplaces are used was altered bytechnology, globalisation, and demographics. Office building must now be adaptable over time,

flexible in use, easy to maintain, accessibly located and ecologically sound. Office buildings

must also provide users with an effective and enjoyable environment, and financiers with a

solid return.

Types of Office Layouts

1. CellularA cellular office is an office which has fixed wallsand a door where a person would normally work on

their own. It is usually furnished with traditional

furniture like a desk and chair. One or 2 people

work in a cellular office and leave their working

material there because they use the same office

every day.

Advantages of Cellular Office Layouts

Easier to restrict access to equipment or confidential information. Fewer distractions to workers/interruptions by other employees. Confidential meetings can be held Rooms can be personalised to suit employees working in the room or type of work being

undertaken

Employees can adjust heating, lighting, ventilation, etc to suit themselves Noisy office equipment can be placed in a separate room Infections and illnesses are less easily spread through the organisation

Disadvantages of Cellular Office Layouts

It is more difficult for a manager to supervise employees who are in a number ofseparate rooms.

Figure 14 Cellular Office (geocities.ws)


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Communication may be less efficient Time may be wasted in passing information and work from one room to another Equipment costs are very high. Staff may feel isolated from other employees. Individual rooms cost more to equip and redecorate; walls, doors and windows

take up valuable (and expensive) space

It may not be easy to increase or decrease size of work areas to match changes inthe volume of work

It is more difficult to create a relaxed and friendly atmosphere as line managersare likely to be in separate rooms

It is more difficult to introduce and maintain standard procedures

2. Open Plan/FlexibleA large area where many employees work together.

Advantages of Open Plan

Line managers should find it easier to supervise It should be easier to organise meetings of groups of

employees

Less time should be wasted in passing information andwork from one group of employees to another

Employees are likely to have a better understanding ofhow their area of work fits into the overall work of the

organisation

Less space is wasted with fewer walls and doors;lighting, heating and cleaning should be less expensive

and easier to organise

The size of work areas can be increased or decreased tomatch changes in the volume of work

A more relaxed and friendly atmosphere can be created with employees and linemanagers working in the same area should lead to increased cooperation acrosssections of the organisation

Equipment, eg photocopiers, fax machines and scanner, can be more easily shared

Figure 15 Open Plan Office Layout


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Disadvantages of Open Plan

Employees may find it difficult to concentrate on their work because of backgroundnoise

Employees may be distracted or have their work interrupted by other employees or bythrough-traffic

It may be more difficult to restrict access by unauthorized staff to equipment orconfidential information (see:

There are likely to be fewer suitable areas for holding confidential or importantmeetings

Infections and illnesses can be more easily spread amongst employees Likely to be less wall space for departmental information (charts, tables, pictures, etc) Private offices may still be required for senior staff Standard lighting, heating and ventilation may not suit all activities or all employees

The factors to consider when deciding on office layout

The layout chosen by an organisation will depend upon:

The size of the organisationthe number of employees Whether the organisation is expanding or contracting The type of work undertaken by the organisation The accommodation available to the organisation The financial resources available to the organisationThe layout chosen should:

Be adaptable to meet changes in the type of volume of work Provide sufficient work and storage space Take account of the flow of work time taken to pass information from one section to

another should be kept to a minimum

Allow employees to move about easily passageways should be wide and free fromobstruction

Be economical to maintain, ie to decorate, keep clean and heat Provide easy access to services, eg power points and phone sockets Provide easy access to equipment, eg filing cabinets, photocopiers, printers and fax

machines

Provide security for equipment and information


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Primary Spaces

Spaces for solitary work include:

Workstations: basic configuration of work surface, chair, storage and equipment,possibly with some screening.

Carrel:screened area, containing single or multiple workstations. Personal offices:fully enclosed spaces, usually with a door, for one or more people. Cell:non-dedicated, fully enclosed space for quiet or confidential working.

Spaces for collective work include:

Team rooms:enclosed spaces for long-term team-working, which clients may also use. Team spaces:areas for teams; often changing configuration frequently. Group spaces:dedicated family space for groupsof people who may, or may not, work

as teams.

Meeting points:extended workstations to allow for informal meetings. Meeting areas:open spaces with formal or informal meetings furniture. Meeting rooms: enclosed spaces with formal or informal meetings furniture, plus

special facilities such as electronic whiteboards, and audio-visual or video-conferencing

equipment.

Ancillary Space

Spaces which support departments or floors of an office - involving refreshment, paper

handling and personal care - include:

Paper processing centres: areas, often screened or enclosed, containing copiers,printers, faxes, binders, shredders and stationery storage.

Filing centres: group, team or general filing and reference material, positioned incabinets, cupboards or high-concentration systems.

Refreshment points:tea kitchens or vending areas. Toilets: including showers, and enough flexibility to allow varying ratios of male to

female staff, and also increased staff density.

Service Space

Service space includes:

Mail room:business processes will dictate layout and size.


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Serveries, kitchens and ancillary areas: dictated by functional needs, available spaceand service provision.

Staff rooms: toilets, showers, changing rooms and sitting spaces for catering,maintenance and visiting staff.

Storage: for furniture, office supplies, cleaning equipment, and maintenance supplies;and secure storage for office equipment.

Service storage: for deliveries, and for waste that may be separated into clean, dirty,recycling, and compacted.

Plant rooms:a main plant room and a patch or control room to each floor or area. Security rooms:housing CCTV monitors and workstations for security staff.

Circulation space

Circulation space - which covers both primary and secondary circulation routes - includes: Corridors and passages:enclosed or open routes through the building, providing clear

direction and the opportunity to interact.

Lifts, lift lobbies and staircases:position and design again encourages interaction. Escalators: their capacity provides an excellent means of moving people quickly and

visibly between levels.

Refuges: a well protected safe area for temporary use by those with special needs. Delivery areas and goods lifts:positioned for easy access to all parts of the building.

PARKING

The effective control of parking and appropriate provision of parking facilities is required to

maximize safety and to limit impacts on traffic flow.

1. Vehicle SizesCar sizes vary but a typical size is used for design of parking spaces, roadways and junctions.

Similar standard information is used for other vehicle types.

Figure 16 Typical Car Dimension


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2. Parking Configurations1.80 x 4.60 m to 2.50 x 6.00m is the typical dimensions of vehicle parking spaces in parking

bays, however it is lightly longer than parallel parking. In open-air parking or where a high

proportion of larger cars and vans, an increase in bay size is usually adopted. As seen in

figure 16, though 90 parking is more economical in space requirements (20 22 m

2

percar); 45 parking (2326 m

2per car) can be more convenient.

Figure 17 Typical Dimension: furnitureremoval van

Figure 20 Recommended parking dimensions, 90

degrees layout (m)

Figure 19 Parallel Parking (m)

Figure 21 Angled Parking, 45 degrees (m)

Figure 18 Typical Dimensions: refuse vehicles


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Vehicle parking spaces for people with disabilities should be wider: for semiambulant

persons bay widths should be increased to 2.89 m; for wheelchair users to 3.00 m.

within larger and multistorey car parks, both 90 and angled bays are used depending

on overall widths available and lane patterns.

4. 3 Car Park Design

4.3.1 External or Singlelevel Parking

Single- storey open car parks can be required for both private and public use: for

example, parking courts to residential flats developments, adjacent factories and

offices, town centre parking, tourist sites, supermarkets and multiplex cinemas.

Large open plan parking areas often need to be broken down in scale by

incorporating:

Variety in surfacescoloured bricks, tarmacs, brushed concretesand grassblocks.

Screening or separation to delineate areas and help locatevehicleslevel changes, signing, fencing and planting.

Use of landscaping to soften hard expanses individual treesbetween parking bays, low level planting beds between back-to-back parking, at ends of run and adjacent pedestrian routes.

Location

Parking arrangements should be clear and organised, using road markings, and

signs, preferably with one-way systems.

Keep dead ends as short as possible so that the driver can view vacant spaces.

Consider the passing of vehicles while waiting for another to reverse and depart.

Larger car parks may adopt a centralised route (maybe two-way), with choice of

one-way loops leading off.Long-stay car parks (e.g. for commuters) can have longer parking aisles and

slightly narrower parking stalls (2.3m), compared with short stay/rapid turnover

(2.5m).


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Figure 22 Typical Lay-outs using 90 degrees and angled parking, (m)


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REFERENCES:

Books:

Presidential Decree 957 Subdivision and Condominium Law of the Philippines and its

Implementing Rules and Regulations

Department of Public Works and Highways, Highway Safety Design Standards: Road Safety Design

Manual. Manila, 2011.

Pickard, Quentin, The Architects Handbook. 13th

ed. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Science Ltd.,

2003.

Online:

http://www.interaksyon.com/article/65774/a-century-old-challenge--the-oil-depots-in-

pandacan;(Retrieved January 13, 2014)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_Center;(Retrieved January 13, 2014)

http://www.fbdcorp.com/history/;(Retrieved January 13, 2014)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bonifacio_Global_City;(Retrieved January 13, 2014)
http://www.interaksyon.com/article/65774/a-century-old-challenge--the-oil-depots-in-pandacanhttp://www.interaksyon.com/article/65774/a-century-old-challenge--the-oil-depots-in-pandacanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_Centerhttp://www.fbdcorp.com/history/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bonifacio_Global_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bonifacio_Global_Cityhttp://www.fbdcorp.com/history/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_Centerhttp://www.interaksyon.com/article/65774/a-century-old-challenge--the-oil-depots-in-pandacanhttp://www.interaksyon.com/article/65774/a-century-old-challenge--the-oil-depots-in-pandacan

pandacan oil depot redevelopment

Documents