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Home of the Brave

1767-1783War for Independence

1775-1783(Revolutionary War)

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Pages 78-81

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William Pitt the ElderPrime Minister of Great Britain

He planned to lift trade restrictions on the colonies to boostprivate enterprise and thus increase the amount of taxmoney sent to Britain without punishing the colonists.

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Charles TownshendChancellor of the Exchequer (Secretary of Treasury)Came to power after William Pitt became severely ill.

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Townshend Acts Colonies should pay their fair share of

taxes to support the British empire. Taxes on colonial imports from Britain,

including paper, paints, lead, glass and tea Established a board of customs to oversee

the collection of taxes & create courts totry customs dodgers without a jury.

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Writs of Assistance

Special documents that allowed Britishofficials to search American ships andbuildings for smuggled goods.

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Reaction of the Colonies

Insisted they should be protected fromtaxation without representation

Circulated pamphlets & letters voicingopposition

Resorted to boycotts, and refused toimport British goods

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Boston MassacreConflict in Boston that began with a group of boys throwing

snowballs at a British sentry. He called for help, and Britishsoldiers came running. An angry crowd began to harass thesoldiers. In the confrontation, someone ordered the soldiers tofire. Three Bostonians were killed and two others were mortally

wounded. http://youtu.be/LsDY5yywvUk

http://youtu.be/LsDY5yywvUkhttp://youtu.be/LsDY5yywvUk

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Thomas Gage

Commander of all British forces in North America. He moved his troops out ofBoston to islands in the bay to calm thepeople of Boston after the Bostonmassacre

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John Adams and Josiah Quincy

Two Boston lawyers who agreed to defendthe British soldiers involved in the BostonMassacre.

At the trial, six soldiers were set free whiletwo were found guilty of manslaughter andgiven light sentences.

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Repeal of the TownshendActs

All of the Townshend Acts wererepealed except the tax on tea.

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Committee of Correspondence

The first one formed in 1772 in Boston.This committee of 21 men keptneighboring towns informed of problemswith England and let Americas position beknown to the world.

Soon committees of correspondence wereorganized throughout the colonies

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Boston Tea PartyOn the night of December 16, 1773, a band of patriots

disguised as Indians boarded ships in the Boston harborand broke open 340 tea chests and dumped them into the

harborhttp://youtu.be/t-9pDZMRCpQ http://youtu.be/CwEX_YVyAS4

http://youtu.be/t-9pDZMRCpQhttp://youtu.be/CwEX_YVyAS4http://youtu.be/CwEX_YVyAS4http://youtu.be/t-9pDZMRCpQhttp://youtu.be/t-9pDZMRCpQhttp://youtu.be/t-9pDZMRCpQ

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Intolerable Acts

Parliament decided to punish the colonistsfor the Boston Tea party with a series oflaws that were designed to bring thecolonists under control

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Quartering Act

made it legal for British officials to quarterBritish soldiers in occupied buildings

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Boston Port Bill

closed the port of Boston to all commerce

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Colonists Reaction

Rather than dividing the colonists, theIntolerable Acts caused unity to develop inthe colonies

People throughout the colonies sent reliefto Boston when they heard the Boston portwas closed.

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Quebec Act

Cancelled the colonies western landclaims by extending the borders ofQuebec south to the Ohio River and westto the Mississippi. It recognizedCatholicism as the official religion inQuebec

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Pages 81-86

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First Continental CongressPhiladelphia September 5, 1774

Delegates from each colony (except GA) met to discuss

what action should be taken in the impending crisis.http://youtu.be/hbKHPLbuLw0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbKHPLbuLw0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbKHPLbuLw0

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Declaration and Resolves

A statement adopted by the firstContinental Congress on October 14, 1774

It outlined colonial objections to theIntolerable Acts, listed a colonial bill ofrights, and provided a detailed list ofgrievances.

Recognized the authority of the king, but noauthority of Parliament over the colonies.

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Reaction in England to the FirstContinental Congress

The actions of the First ContinentalCongress seemed unimportant in England.

Parliament, Lord North, and George IIIwere determined to rule America as theypleased and by force, if necessary.

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Patrick HenryMade a speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses on

March 28, 1775.He summed up the American spirit with his conclusion: I

know not what course others may take; but as for me, giveme liberty, or give me death!

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Minutemen

Volunteer militia for the colonies. They had to be ready to defend their

homes and families upon a minutesnotice.

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April 18, 1775

General Gage prepared about 700 troopsto arrest patriot leaders John Hancock andSamuel Adams in Lexington and tocapture the ammunition stores at Concord.

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Paul Revere, William Dawes, & Dr.Samuel Prescott

Rode through the night to warn their countrymen that theBritish were coming.

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April 19, 1775

First shots of the War for Independencewere fired in the morning

British troops met 70 minutemen in thevillage of Lexington

a shot heard round the world It is not known who fired the first shot. 93 Americans died that day, but the British

lost 273 men.

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Lemuel Haynes 21 year old black man who was one of the

Massachusetts Minutemen. The Lordprotected him from the war and he lived tobecome a great revival preacher in NewEngland.

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Ethan AllenGreen Mountain Boys

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Fort TiconderogaCaptured by Ethan Allen & the Green Mountain Boys

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Second Continental CongressMay 10, 1775 (convened in Philadelphia)

John Hancock was elected president of the Second

Continental Congresshttp://youtu.be/Qd8rkEhR9b8

http://youtu.be/Qd8rkEhR9b8http://youtu.be/Qd8rkEhR9b8

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George WashingtonCommander in Chief of the army

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Battle of Bunker HillFirst major battle of the war. Although the British won the

battle, they suffered many casualties and saw that thePatriots could fight with fierce determination

http://youtu.be/6MOfZ3_oWQQ

http://youtu.be/6MOfZ3_oWQQhttp://youtu.be/6MOfZ3_oWQQ

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Olive Branch Petition

Many Americans wanted to avoid a warand split from the Mother country. This

desire is reflected in the The OliveBranch Petition, which was sent toGeorge III asking him to come to

reasonable terms and promising loyaltyin return.

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Foreign Troops

King George III refused to listen to America s repeated pleas for a peaceful

resolution. He was determined to bring thecolonies under control. He had a hard timeconvincing his subjects to fight against the

Patriots, however, because manyEnglishmen believed the colonists were

right. So the king hired foreign troops to fightfor Britain.

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Prohibitory Act

In December 1775, England issued theProhibitory Act, which removed Britishprotection from the colonies.

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Thomas PainePublished the pamphlet entitled Common Sense

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Common Sense

Gave the colonists a detailed account ofEnglish liberties and the abuses of themonarchy and Parliament.

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Pages 86-88

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Richard Henry Lee

Presented amomentous resolution

to the ContinentalCongress on June 7,

1776.

D l ti f I d d

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Declaration of IndependenceJuly 4, 1776

http://youtu.be/yb7MI8NQLoo http://youtu.be/uZfRaWAtBVg

Prepared by a committee led by ThomasJefferson

The most important human statement of political principles in the history of theworld

Secured the freedom of America

http://youtu.be/yb7MI8NQLoohttp://youtu.be/uZfRaWAtBVghttp://youtu.be/uZfRaWAtBVghttp://youtu.be/yb7MI8NQLoo

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The Declaration of Independence openlyrecognizes that God created all men, andthat they have the right to be treated withdignity due Gods special creation.This includes:

1.Respect for Human life and privateproperty

2.Equality before the law3.Responsible liberty

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Americans had inherited their love ofliberty from a long history of Englishtradition