P1AUIC05 FUEL AND EMISSIONS

Unit I Introduction L-9

Estimate of petroleum reserve, need for alternate fuel, availability and comparative properties of alternate fuels, CNG, LPG, Alcohol, Vegetable oil, Bio-gas, ethanol and hydrogen.

Unit II CNG and LPG L- 9

Types of vegetable oils for engine application, Availability, properties, modifications required in SI and CI engines, performance and emission characteristics, storage, handling and dispensing, safety aspects. Alcohol - Manufacture of alcohol, properties, blending of Methanol and Ethanol, engine design modifications required and effects of design parameters, performance and emission characteristics and durability. Esterification, biogas, properties, engine performance and emission characteristics.

Unit III Hydrogen and Fuel cells L- 9

Production methods, properties, performance and emission characteristics, storage and handling, safety aspects, working principle, classification, description of fuel cell systems, fuel cell components, properties of fuel cell, general performance characteristics, emission characteristics, merits and demerits, Engine modification for hydrogen fuel.

Unit IV Emissions from SI & CI Engines and its Control L-9

Emission formation in S.I. engines – Hydrocarbons – Carbon monoxide – Nitric Oxide, Lead particulates – Polyneculear aromatic hydro carbon emission – Effects of design and operating variables on emission formation in spark ignition engines – Controlling of pollutant formation in engines – Thermal reactors – Catalytic converters – Charcoal Canister Control for evaporative emission – Positive crank case ventilation system for UBHC emission reduction.

Chemical delay – Significance – Intermediate compound formation – Pollutant formation on incomplete combustion – effect of operating variables on pollutant formation – Controlling of emissions – Driving behavior – Fumigation – Exhaust gas recirculation – Air injection – Cetane number effect.

Unit V-Emission Measurement and Test procedure L-9

Measurement of CO, CO2, by NDIR. Hydrocarbon by FID – Chemiluminescent detector for NOx measurement, Smoke meters – Dilution tunnel technique for particulate measurement. Constant Volume Sampling procedure (FTP) –Emission Test– Sampling probes and valves – Quantifying emissions.

TOTAL: 45 periods

7. LEARNING RESOURCES:7.1 Required Resources:

1. Dr. S.S Thipse, Alternative Fuels, Jaico Publications, 2010.

2. Ganesan.V, Internal Combustion Engines, Tata McGraw Hill, 1994.

3. Crouse.W.M, Anglin.A.L. Automotive Emission Control, McGraw Hill 1995.

7.2. Recommended Resources:

1. Springer.G.S, Patterson.D.J, Engine Emissions, pollutant formation, Plenum Press, 1986

2. Patterson, D.J, Henin.N.A, Emissions from Combustion engines and their Control, Anna

Arbor Science, 1985. Linden.D, Handbook of Batteries and Fuel Cells, McGraw Hill,

1995.

3. Maxwell et al, Alternative Fuel : Emission, Economic and Performance, SAE, 1995

4. Watson, E.B., Alternative fuels for the combustion engine, ASME, 1990

5. Bechtold, R., Alternative fuels guidebook, 1998.

6. Joseph, N., Hydrogen fuel for structure transportation, SAE, 1996.

7. Holt and Danniel, Fuel cell powered vehicles: Automotive technology for the future,

SAE, 2001.

8. Vora K C & Ghosh B, Monograph on Automotive Catalytic Converter, ARAI

Publication, 1995.

7.3 Online Resources:

This course uses various resources, such as lecture notes, materials from electronic media, assignment papers. Students should make appropriate use of these resources.1. www.nptel.in

8 LEARNING AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES:8.1 Learning and Teaching Modes:

This course relies on lectures to guide through the material, tutorial classes to provide students with class, and a sequence of written and online assignments to provide formative assessment opportunities for students to practice techniques and develop their understanding of the course.

8.2 Contact hours:

The information below is provided as a guide to assist students in engaging appropriately with the course requirements.

Activity Class Contact hours

Lectures 45 45Assignments 5 5Cycle Test 2 4Model Test 1 3

Total 57 periods

9 LEARNING ACTIVITIES SUMMARY:Course Code/Course Name: P1AUIC05/Fuels and Emissions

Year/Sem: I/I Faculty Name:

Sl No Teaching Learning Process Delivery Methods Assessment Methods

1 Solving real world problem Chalk & Talk Assignments2 Explaining application before theory ICT tools Tests3 Solving problems Group discussion Exams4 Designing of experiments5 Problems on environmental, economics,

health & safety6 Problems on professional and ethics7 Seminar Mini projects 8 Problems using software9 Self-study10 Formulation of problems11 Identification of malfunctioning or mistakes12 Demonstrations

CO1: Explain about the basics of alternate fuels.

Sl No Topic Date TLPDelivery Methods

Assessment Methods

1 Estimate of petroleum reserve, 1/2 1 1/2/32 need for alternate fuel, 1/2 13 availability and comparative properties of

alternate fuels, 1/2 1

4 CNG 1/2 15 LPG 1/2 16 Alcohol, Vegetable oil, 1/2 17 Bio-gas, 1/2 18 ethanol 1/2 19 Hydrogen 1/2 110 Revision 1/2 ½11 Seminar 7 312 Class test 1 6

CO2: List the different types of alternate fuels.

13Types of vegetable oils for engine application,

1/2 1

1/2/3

14Availability, properties, modifications required in SI and CI engines,

1/2 1

15 performance and emission characteristics, 1/2 1

16storage, handling and dispensing, safety

aspects. Alcohol - Manufacture of alcohol, 1/2 1

17properties, blending of Methanol and

Ethanol, 1/2 1

18 engine design modifications required and 1/2 119 effects of design parameters, 1/2 1

20performance and emission characteristics

and durability. 1/2 1

21Esterification, biogas, properties, engine

performance and emission characteristics.1/2 1

22 Revision 1/2 1/223 Seminar 7 324 Class test 1 6

CO3: Describe about hydrogen and fuel cells.25 Production methods, properties, 1/2 1 1/2/326 performance and emission characteristics, 1/2 127 storage and handling, safety aspects, 1/2 1

28working principle, classification, description of fuel cell systems

1/2 1

29 fuel cell components, 1/2 130 properties of fuel cell, 1/2 131 general performance characteristics, 1/2 132 emission characteristics, merits and

demerits1/2 1

33 Engine modification for hydrogen fuel. 1/2 134 Revision 1/2 1/235 Seminar 7 336 Class test 1 6

CO4. Estimate the emissions from SI and CI engines37 Emission formation in S.I. engines 1/2 1

1/2/3

38Hydrocarbons – Carbon monoxide – Nitric Oxide, Lead particulates

1/2 1

39Polynuclear aromatic hydro carbon emission

1/2 1

40Effects of design and operating variables on emission formation in spark ignition engines

1/2 1

41Controlling of pollutant formation in engines

1/2 1

42 Thermal reactors 1/2 143 Catalytic converters 1/2 1

44Charcoal Canister Control for evaporative emission

1/2 1

45Positive crank case ventilation system for UBHC emission reduction

1/2 1

46 Revision 1/2 1/247 Seminar 7 348 Class test 1 6

CO5: State the various processes in the emission testing.

49 Measurement of CO, CO2, by NDIR. 1/2 1 1/2/3

50 Hydrocarbon by FID 1/2 1

51Chemiluminescent detector for NOx measurement,

1/2 1

52 Smoke meters 1/2 1

53Dilution tunnel technique for particulate

measurement. 1/2 1

54Constant Volume Sampling procedure

(FTP)1/2 1

55 Emission Test 1/2 156 Sampling probes and valves 1/2 157 Quantifying emissions. 1/2 158 Revision 1/2 1/2

59 Seminar 7 360 Class test 1 6

10 ASSESSMENT:10.1 Principles:

Assessment for this course is based on the following principles1. Assessment must encourage and reinforce learning.2. Assessment must measure achievement of the stated learning objectives.

3. Assessment must enable robust and fair judgments about student performance.

4. Assessment practice must be fair and equitable to students and give them theopportunity to demonstrate what they learned.

5. Assessment must maintain academic standards.

10.2. Assessment Summary:10.2.1. Mapping between Assessment task and Course OutcomesAssessment Task Task Type Weightage Course Outcomes

1 2 3 4 5Assignment Formative 10% Cycle Test-I Formative & Cognitive 6% Cycle Test-I Formative & Cognitive 6% Model Exam Formative, Cognitive &

Summative13%

Attendance Face to Face Interaction 5%University Exam Formative, Cognitive &

Summative60%

10.2.2. Mapping between Program Outcomes and Course OutcomesMapping of courses outcomes to program outcomes

Course outcomeProgramme outcomes (POs)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Course outcome 1: Explain about the basics of alternate fuels.

H H L H L H

Course outcome 2: List the different types of alternate fuels.

H H L H L H

Course outcome 3: Describe about hydrogen and fuel cells.

H H L H L H

Course outcome 4: Estimate the emissions from SI and CI engines.

H H L H L H

Course outcome 5: State the various processes in the emission testing.

H H L H L H

10.3. Assessment Related Requirements:

1. An aggregate score of 50% is required to pass the course.

10.4. Assessment Details:

Assessment Item Distributed Due DateAssignment 1 3rd week Assignment 2 6th WeekCycle Test – I 7th WeekAssignment 3 8th WeekAssignment 4 11th WeekCycle Test – II 12th WeekAssignment 5 14th WeekModel Exam 15th WeekAttendance All weeks as per the Academic Calendar