impacts of natural gas fuel composition on tailpipe emissions and fuel economy
DESCRIPTION
Impacts of Natural Gas Fuel Composition on Tailpipe Emissions and Fuel Economy. June 2000. PGOB3113-25 6/15/00. Test Protocol. 7 heavy-duty natural gas-powered test vehicles 4 natural gas test fuels—1 meeting ARB specs 3 drive cycles - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Impacts of Impacts of Natural Gas Natural Gas Fuel Composition Fuel Composition
on Tailpipe Emissions on Tailpipe Emissions and Fuel Economyand Fuel Economy
Impacts of Impacts of Natural Gas Natural Gas Fuel Composition Fuel Composition
on Tailpipe Emissions on Tailpipe Emissions and Fuel Economyand Fuel Economy
PGOB3113-25 6/15/00
June 2000June 2000
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Test ProtocolTest Protocol
7 heavy-duty natural gas-powered test vehicles7 heavy-duty natural gas-powered test vehicles
4 natural gas test fuels—1 meeting ARB specs4 natural gas test fuels—1 meeting ARB specs
3 drive cycles3 drive cycles
3 tests per cycle/fuel/vehicle condition3 tests per cycle/fuel/vehicle condition. . .results shown are averages. . .results shown are averages. . .additional statistics available. . .additional statistics available
PGOB3113-31a 5/00
PGOB3113-29 11/99
Test Fuel CompositionTest Fuel Composition
METHANEMETHANE
ETHANEETHANE
PROPANEPROPANE
ISO-BUTANEISO-BUTANE
N-BUTANEN-BUTANE
ISO-PENTANEISO-PENTANE
N-PENTANEN-PENTANE
CC66++
C0C022
NN22
OXYGENOXYGEN
TOTALTOTAL
NET HEAT VALUENET HEAT VALUE(BTU/CF)(BTU/CF)
#1 High C#1 High C33++ CARB CARB SPECSPEC
NG FUEL COMPOSITIONNG FUEL COMPOSITION
Highlighted areas denote out of spec componentsHighlighted areas denote out of spec components
#2 High #2 High Inerts/CInerts/C33++
#3 High #3 High EthaneEthane
#4 Comm. #4 Comm. GradeGrade
87.2587.25
5.845.84
3.063.06
0.280.28
0.550.55
0.080.08
0.070.07
0.050.05
2.372.37
0.450.45
0.000.00
100.00100.00
999999
82.0682.06
7.117.11
3.833.83
0.350.35
0.630.63
0.060.06
0.040.04
0.000.00
4.994.99
0.940.94
0.000.00
100.01100.01
983983
87.1187.11
8.258.25
1.811.81
0.090.09
0.170.17
0.020.02
0.020.02
0.010.01
1.881.88
0.640.64
0.000.00
100.00100.00
973973
94.9794.97
3.023.02
0.140.14
0.020.02
0.020.02
0.010.01
0.010.01
0.000.00
0.590.59
1.201.20
0.030.03
100.00100.00
905905
Min = 88.00Min = 88.00
Max = 6.00Max = 6.00
CC33++
Max = 3.00Max = 3.00
Range = Range = 1.5-4.51.5-4.5
Max = 1.00Max = 1.00
Drive CyclesDrive Cycles
4 mile, 360 second cycle4 mile, 360 second cycle
1 acceleration/cruise/deceleration sequence1 acceleration/cruise/deceleration sequence
CommuterCommuter
PGOB3113-30 11/99
6.3 mile, 1070 second cycle6.3 mile, 1070 second cycle
6 acceleration/cruise/deceleration/idle sequences6 acceleration/cruise/deceleration/idle sequences. . .each acceleration to cruise has higher speed. . .each acceleration to cruise has higher speed
Modified Modified CBDCBD
5.6 mile, 1060 second cycle5.6 mile, 1060 second cycle
6 different acceleration/cruise/deceleration/idle 6 different acceleration/cruise/deceleration/idle sequencessequences
Modified Modified CBDCBD
Summary of Emissions Effects Summary of Emissions Effects Based on the UDDS CycleBased on the UDDS Cycle
PGOB3113-26 11/99
NMHC EmissionsNMHC EmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-03 1/05/00
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6Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade 0.43
1.411.41 1.471.47 1.341.34
Test Vehicle #1:
School Bus
Engine: MY ‘97
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
PGOB3113-07 1/05/00
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6Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade 1.90
1.791.79 1.891.89 1.811.81
Test Vehicle #2:
School Bus
Engine: MY ‘99
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
NMHC EmissionsNMHC EmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-11 1/05/00
0
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3
4
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6Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade 1.79
2.742.74 2.912.91 2.602.60
Test Vehicle #3:
School Bus
Engine: MY ‘96
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
NMHC EmissionsNMHC EmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-23 1/05/00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade 1.97
2.872.87 2.972.97 2.712.71
Test Vehicle #4:
Crew Truck
Engine: MY ‘99
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
NMHC EmissionsNMHC EmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
NMHC EmissionsNMHC EmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-36 5/15/00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade 0.85
3.243.24 3.343.34 2.712.71
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
Test Vehicle #5
Tractor
Engine: MY ‘99/’00
CO EmissionsCO EmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-01 1/05/00
Test Vehicle #1:
School Bus
Engine: MY ‘97
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8Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade .26
0.190.19 0.220.22 0.220.22
High CHigh C33++ High Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++ High EthaneHigh Ethane
CO EmissionsCO EmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-05 1/05/00
Test Vehicle #2:
School Bus
Engine: MY ‘99
0
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8Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade 0.68
0.72 0.78 0.75
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
PGOB3113-09 1/05/00
Test Vehicle #3:
School Bus
Engine: MY ‘96
0
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7
8Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial
Grade 3.77
4.24 4.20 4.22
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
CO EmissionsCO EmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-21 11/99
Test Vehicle #4:
Crew Truck
Engine: MY ‘99
0
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial
Grade 3.12
3.54 3.44 3.43
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
CO EmissionsCO EmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-34 5/15/00
Test Vehicle #5:
Tractor
Engine: MY ‘99/’00
Commercial
Grade 6.45
13.48 7.53 10.88
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
CO EmissionsCO EmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
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Emissions (Grams/Mi)
PGOB3113-02 1/05/00
0
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24Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade 7.62
8.168.16 7.107.10 8.988.98
Test Vehicle #1:
School Bus
Engine: MY ‘97
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
NONOX X EmissionsEmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-06 1/05/00
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24Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade 10.34
13.7913.79 12.4212.42 12.4012.40
Test Vehicle #2:
School Bus
Engine: MY ‘99
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
NONOX X EmissionsEmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-10 1/05/00
0
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8
12
16
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24Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade 11.39
12.5112.51 11.0311.03 12.8412.84
Test Vehicle #3:
School Bus
Engine: MY ‘96
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
NONOX X EmissionsEmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-22 1/05/00
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24Emissions (Grams/Mi)
Commercial Grade 5.96
6.766.76 6.076.07 6.866.86
Test Vehicle #4:
Crew Truck
Engine: MY ‘99
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
NONOX X EmissionsEmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
PGOB3113-35 5/15/00
NONOX X EmissionsEmissionsClosed Loop SystemClosed Loop System
Test Vehicle #5:
Tractor
Engine: MY ‘99/’00
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Commercial Grade 4.53
6.466.46 4.474.47 6.106.10
High CHigh C33++ High EthaneHigh EthaneHigh Inerts/ CHigh Inerts/ C33++
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Natural Gas vs Diesel EnginesNatural Gas vs Diesel Engines
PGOB3113-33 12/99
NG engines deliver higher NMHC and CO emissionsNG engines deliver higher NMHC and CO emissions
CO (grams/mi.)
1.351.35
Based on: 1997 DD Series 50 (diesel) and 1996 Cummins L10 (natural gas) engines in transit buses on UDDS cycle
9.459.450
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2NMHC (grams/mi.)
200% 200% IncreaseIncrease
600% 600% IncreaseIncrease
0.050.05 0.160.16
DieselDiesel Natural GasNatural Gas DieselDiesel Natural GasNatural Gas
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Natural Gas vs Diesel EnginesNatural Gas vs Diesel Engines
PGOB3113-32 12/99
NG engines deliver lower NONG engines deliver lower NOXX and particulate emissions and particulate emissions
NOX (grams/mi.)
18.118.1
Based on: 1997 DD Series 50 (diesel) and 1996 Cummins L10 (natural gas) engines in transit buses on UDDS cycle
12.312.3
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2 Particulates (grams/mi.)
75% 75% ReductionReduction
33% 33% ReductionReduction 0.170.17
0.040.04
DieselDiesel Natural GasNatural Gas DieselDiesel Natural GasNatural Gas