p1- motion and forces - qs and ms...a acceleration . b. force . c. mass . d. velocity (total for...
TRANSCRIPT
P1- Motion and Forces Q1. Shot-put is an Olympic event. The shot is a heavy ball. An athlete throws the shot as far as possible.
A sports scientist analyses an athlete's throw to help improve performance.
The scientist can measure several quantities in the analysis.
Which one of the following is a scalar quantity? (1)
A acceleration
B force
C mass
D velocity
(Total for question = 1 mark) Q2.
The diagram shows the forces acting on a car which is travelling along a flat straight road.
(a) (i) The size of the resultant force on the car is 350 N. In which direction is the resultant force acting? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1) A down ↓
B to the left ←
C to the right →
D up ↑
(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. The car is
(1) A accelerating
B decelerating
C moving at a constant speed
D not moving (2)
(iii) The mass of the car is 625 kg. Calculate the weight of the car. gravitational field strength = 10N/kg
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................. (b) Forces also act on objects when they fall through the air. There are two forces acting on this ball as it falls through the air. The weight is shown on the diagram.
(i) Draw and label an arrow on the diagram to show the other force acting on the ball. (2)
(ii) Use words from the box to complete the sentences. (2)
balanced changing greater smaller zero
After a short time the ball falls at a steady speed.
The forces acting on the ball are now .......................
The acceleration of the ball is now .......................
(Total for Question is 8 marks)
Q3. Sam and Joe are on their bikes. They are on a flat, straight road.
(a) Joe is stationary when Sam rides past at a constant velocity of 10 m/s. Joe waits for 4 s and then follows Sam. This is a velocity/time graph of their motion.
(i) How far did Sam travel during these 15 s?
distance = velocity × time
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1)
A 1.5 m B 10 m C 100 m D 150 m
(ii) At which of these times is the resultant force on Joe bigger than the resultant force on Sam?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1)
A at 3 s B at 7 s C at 11 s D at 15 s
(iii) For how many seconds was Joe accelerating?
(1)
number of seconds = ........................................................... s (iv) Calculate Joe's acceleration during this time.
(2)
Joe's acceleration = ........................................................... m/s2
(b) The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on Joe at one point while he is accelerating.
(i) Calculate the size of the resultant horizontal force acting on Joe and his bike.
(2)
size of resultant force = ........................................................... N (ii) The total mass of Joe, his heavy bag, and his bike is 55 kg.
Calculate the total weight. Gravitational field strength, g = 10 N/kg
(1)
total weight = ........................................................... N
(c) On another day, Joe is riding the same bike on the same piece of road. This time he does not have the heavy bag on his back. He finds that it is easier to accelerate. Explain why Joe finds it easier to accelerate.
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(Total for Question = 10 marks) Q4. A student investigates the motion of a trolley along a horizontal runway using the apparatus in Figure 4.
Figure 4
A trolley is attached to a string passing over a pulley.
A block of metal hangs on the end of the string.
Each light gate measures the time it takes for the card to pass through the gate.
When the trolley is released, it moves along the track.
A computer measures the time it takes for the card to pass between each light gate.
Figure 5 shows a graph of acceleration against force for three trollies of different mass that are pulled along the runway.
The graphs for the trollies are labelled P, Q and R.
Figure 5
Use the information from the graph.
(i) Calculate the mass of trolley Q (2)
mass of trolley Q = ........................................................... kg
(ii) Describe how the graph shows that trolley R has the greatest mass. (2)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q5. A student investigates the motion of a trolley along a horizontal runway using the apparatus in Figure 4.
Figure 4
A trolley is attached to a string passing over a pulley.
A block of metal hangs on the end of the string.
Each light gate measures the time it takes for the card to pass through the gate.
When the trolley is released, it moves along the track.
A computer measures the time it takes for the card to pass between each light gate.
(i) The card took 0.080 s to pass through the first light gate. The width of the card is 5 cm. Calculate the average speed, in m/s, of the trolley through the first light gate.
(2)
average speed = ........................................................... m/s
Another trolley passes through the first light gate at a velocity of 0.72 m/s.
This trolley passes through the second light gate at a velocity of 1.1 m/s.
The time it takes for the card on the trolley to travel between the two light gates is 0.53 s. (ii) State the equation relating acceleration, change in velocity and time.
(1) (iii) Calculate the acceleration of the trolley between the two light gates.
(2)
acceleration = ........................................................... m/s2
(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q6. Shot-put is an Olympic event. The shot is a heavy ball. An athlete throws the shot as far as possible.
A sports scientist analyses an athlete's throw to help improve performance.
The scientist takes pictures of the athlete every 0.1 s during one throw.
Figure 13 shows the pictures of one throw.
Figure 13
(i) Estimate the amount of time during the throw when the shot is in the athlete's hand. (1)
time = ........................................................... s
(ii) Explain how the scientist could improve this method of analysing the throw. (2)
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(iii) The average acceleration of the shot while in the athlete's hand is 20.6 m/s2. The mass of the shot is 7.26 kg. Calculate the average force that the athlete applies to the shot during the throw.
(2)
force = ........................................................... N
(iv) In another throw, the shot is in the athlete's hand for 0.48 s. The average acceleration during this time is 23 m/s2. Calculate the velocity of the shot as it leaves the athlete's hand.
(3)
velocity = ........................................................... m/s
(Total for question = 8 marks) Q7. (a) Which of these situations can increase the reaction time of a driver?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1)
A an icy road B worn tyres on his car C stopping for a cup of coffee D driving for a long time without taking a break
(b) (i) A car engine produces an average driving force of 1200 N.
The car travels 8.0 m. Calculate the work done by the force over this distance.
(2)
work done = ........................................................... J (ii) The car has a mass of 1400 kg and travels at a velocity of 25 m/s.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the car. (3)
kinetic energy = ........................................................... J
Q8. The distance-time graph for a car is shown below.
Describe what the graph shows about the speed of the car as it travels the 80 m. (2)
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Q9. Some students investigate the speed of cars. They measure the time it takes each car to travel a distance of 80 m.
(a) State two measuring instruments the students should use. (2)
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(b) The table shows some of their results.
(i) State the colour of the slowest car.
(1)
colour of the slowest car ........................................................... (ii) Calculate the speed of the black car.
(2)
speed of the black car = ........................................................... m/s (iii) 20 miles per hour is approximately 9 m/s.
Estimate the speed, in miles per hour, of the black car. (1)
speed of the black car = ........................................................... miles per hour
Q10. Figure 3 shows how the thinking distance and braking distance change depending on the speed of a car.
Figure 3
(i) Fill in the gap in the table. (1)
(ii) A student studies these results and writes the conclusion: ′The thinking distance is proportional to the speed of the car′. Comment on the student's conclusion.
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q11. * The chart shows the thinking, braking and stopping distances for an average car and driver stopping from 50 miles per hour as shown in the Highway Code.
It also shows the thinking, braking and stopping distances for drivers of cars A and B, both stopping from 50 miles per hour.
A and B are different cars on different roads.
Use the factors that can affect thinking and braking distances to explain the differences in stopping distances for cars A and B.
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Q12.
A car approaches traffic lights. The traffic lights turn to red so the car has to stop.
Which of the following factors affects the thinking distance when the car has to stop? (1)
A condition of the road
B mass of the car
C reaction time
D worn brakes
(Total for question = 1 mark) Q13. (i) The car is moving at 90 km/h when the driver has to stop.
Calculate the thinking time of the driver. Using the equation: time = distance ÷ average speed
(2)
thinking time = ........................................................... s
(ii) A car has a mass of 1300 kg. Calculate the kinetic energy of the car when it is travelling at 20 m/s.
(2)
kinetic energy = ........................................................... J
(Total for question = 4 marks)
Q14.
(a) Some students investigate a converging lens. The students set up the apparatus as shown.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(i) The distance X is (1)
A the focal length
B the object distance
C the eyepiece distance
D the magnification
(ii) Use words from the box to complete the sentences. (2)
The size of the image is ......................the distant object. The type of image formed on the screen is a ......................image.
(b) The diagram shows a ray of light as it arrives at a lens.
Draw the path of the ray inside the lens. (1)
(c) The students use a telescope to view the Moon. Light from the Moon takes 1.3 s to reach the students.
The speed of light is 300 000 km/s.
Calculate the distance to the Moon. (2)
distance = speed × time
.............................................................................................................................................. (d) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
A satellite orbits the Moon.
Radio waves from this satellite transfer (1)
A matter only
B energy and matter
C information and matter
D energy and information
(Total for Question is 7 marks)
Mark Scheme Q1.
Q2.
Answer Acceptable answers
Mark
(a)(i) B to the left (1) (a)(ii) A accelerating (1) (a)(iii) substitution
625x 10 (1) Evaluation 6250 (N) (1)
625 x 9.8 6125 (N) give full marks for correct answer, no working
(2)
(b)(i)
(1) air resistance (1)
upward arrow on any part of line vertical line from any point on the diagram air friction, upthrust, drag Ignore any downward arrow labelled weight or gravity
(2)
(b)(ii) Balanced (1) Zero (1)
(2)
Total for marks for question = 8 Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Q12.
Q13.
Q14.
Answer Acceptable answers
Mark
(a)(i) A the focal length (1) (1) (a)(ii) smaller than (1)
real (1) (2)
(b) • Any (more or less) straight ray which changes direction inside the lens (1)
Ray does not need to touch far side. Allow slight discontinuities Ignore any ray drawn beyond the 2nd surface and any reflected ray(s). Ignore any extra incident rays.
(1)
(c) substitution into given equation (1) 1.3 × 300 000 evaluation (1) 390 000 (km)
Power of 10 error max 1 mark 3.9 × 105 (km) 2 marks for correct numerical answer with no working shown Ignore any unit given by candidate.
(2)
(d) D energy and information (1)
(1)
Total for Question = 7 marks