TAUHEED DefineTauheed(Unity of Allah) in a scholarly manner describing its significance and effects on human life.(2001) Explain the belief ofTauheedin scholarly manner describing its effect on human life.(2004) Identify the importance of the concept of "Towheed" and explain the practical results of this principle on the private as well as public aspects of the human life.(2007) Define Tauheed (Unity of Allah) in a scholarly manner describing its significance and its effects on human life?(2013)ZAKAT While defining Zakat, examine its Socio-Economic significance in Islamic Society.(2002) Islam pays a lot of stress on the circulation of money. Describe in the light ofZakatsystem.(2008) In Islam the purpose of Zakat is purity of wealth, abolishing poverty, hunger and ignorance but his has not been achieved yet. What pratical steps are needed for attaining this end?(2009)JIHAD What is the significance of Jihad in the light of Quran and Sunnah? What are its kinds, principles, and conditions?(2001) Write down a detailed essay on the importance, necessity and different kinds ofJehadin Islam.(2003) "One Mans Terrorist Is Another Mans Freedom Figther",in Light Of The Preceding Quoted Probe In To Causes Of Terrorism And Separate BothJihadAndTerrorismFrom Each Other After Giving Solid Arguments.(2006) What is the significance of Jihad in the light of Quran and Sunnah? What are its kinds, principles and conditions?(2013)RELIGION DefineReligion, also describing its necessity, importance and kinds of distinguishing between Revealed and Non Revealed religions.(2002) Despite the scientific and technological advancement the present society is facing moral decline and mental anarchy. In these circumstances elucidate the importance andeffectiveness of Religion.(2007) Differentiate between the Din and Religion. State the important points of Co-Existence among Islam and world religions in the present scenario.(2010) Describe the necessity and importance of religion for man and its effects on human life.(2012)ISLAM Describe thedignity and superiority of Islamwith proof as compared to other religions.(2000) Islamenjoys as exalted place in the religions of the world. Elaborate(2001) Describe thebasic beliefs of Islamand also explain that how Islam Reforms the life of Individual and Society through them.(2002) Write a detail note on the problems whichIslamis facing in the contemporary world.(2002) Define the religion ofIslam. Explain also the idea and place ofhumanityin Islam.(2003) Islam is a complete code of life. Discuss.(2012)

DIGNITY Islamenjoys and exalted place in the religions of the world regarding human dignity, moral values and Allahs vicegrency. Discuss with arguments.(2004) What is Human Dignity? Explain how Islam recognized it and what efforts have been adopted to maintain the superiority of man?(2013)IJTEHAD Explain in detail the basic sources of Islamic Law with special reference to Ijtihad.(2001)1. IsIjtehadis no more practical? Explain2. What are required conditions for amujtahid3. Does a learned Muslim have the right ofIjtehad? Discuss its consequences(2005) Describe in detail the four basic sources ofIslamic Law. ExplainIjma and Ijtehadspecifically.(2004) Produce a Juristic-definition Of BothIjtihad and IjmaElaborating Possible Role of Both the above in Imslamization of a State in Modern Time(2006) In order to meet challenges of modern times, there is a need to establish versatile institutions ofIjtehad. What measure would you suggest?(2009) In the present period the Muslim Ummah is facing different problems and for the solution of these problem ijtehad is necessary, so point out such an institution that can offer solution of the new problems with the help of Ijtehad.(2011)

IJMA Produce a Juristic-definition Of BothIjtihad and IjmaElaborating Possible Role of Both the above in Imslamization of a State in Modern Time(2006) Describe in detail the four basic sources ofIslamic Law. ExplainIjmA and Ijtehadspecifically.(2004)STATE Describe theeconomical responsibilities ofStatein Islam.(2000)

LAW Explain in detail the basic sources of Islamic Law with special reference to Ijtihad.(2001) Describe in detail the four basic sources ofIslamic Law. ExplainIjmA and Ijtehad(2004)specifically. While describing in detail the four basic sources of Islamic Law, also explain that Maslih-e-Mursala, Istihsan and Urf are the basic sources of Islamic Law.(2002) Write down a comprehensive essay on the basic sources of law in Islam.(2003) Explain with arguments the system of Law and Justice of Islam.(2003) It is necessary to establish priority of law for the development of society. What is your point of view that today Islamic punishments are regarded as Savagery? While discussing the Islamic philosophy of the reward and punishment also describe the basic characteristic of Islamic concept of punishments.(2011)

JUSTICE What is meant by "Justice"? Explain its importance in Islam.(2000) Explain the economical rules of Islam in the light of Social Justice.(2012)

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM To what extent is themodern political systemi.e. democracy in consonance or against Islamic principles? Discuss with reference(2005) Islam-in The Mid of Contemporary Managements and Political Systems-possesses Its Own Political Management and Political System. Discuss(2006) State guiding principles ofeconomic systemis Islam? How can it be implemented in modern times?(2005) The political system of Islam guarantees the prosperity of State. Discuss.(2012) Explain the economical rules of Islam in the light of Social Justice.(2012)JUDIO-POLITICAL SYSTEM Write down a comprehensive essay onthe judicio-political systemof Islam.(2001) Define and explain thejudio-political systemof Islam.(2002) Islam has distinguished status inJudio-political systemexplain comprehensively.(2004) Define and explain Judicio-Political System of Islam?(2013)

CIVILIZATION The world is heading towards the concept of Clash of Civilizations. Give your arguments for and against this notion.(2008) Islam gives a living and dynamic perception ofcivilization. Which steps do you consider to meet the challenges of western civilization?(2009) What is meant by civilization and culture and how it effects collective life and also analyzes the foundation of modern civilization and highlights the problems caused by it?(2011) Describe the concept of modern civilization and its effects on Muslim Ummah.(2012)ISLAMIC SOCIETY What is therole of man and womaninIslamic society? What are their responsibilities towards character building of new generation?(2001) Keeping in view today's international Political System, can Sheriah be adjusted in the Islamic Societies?(2010)

CULTURE There is a visible decadence in our society due to invasion /influence of liberal western culture. To what extent is it harming our countrys youth and what can be done to arrest this moral decline(2005) How The Protection And Application OfIslamic CultureIs Possible In The Mid Of The Influences Of Present Western Culture? Describe The Features Of Islamic Culture Prior To Have A Comparative Study Of The Issue.(2006) What is meant by civilization and culture and how it effects collective life and also analyzes the foundation of modern civilization and highlights the problems caused by it?(2011)

STATUS OF WOMAN Write down a comprehensive Essay on theWomen's rightsin Islam.(2000) Comparatively analyze therights of womenin the light of Islam and other religions.(2002) What is the meaning of the freedom of woman in Islam? What are the responsibilities of man and woman in the building of character of new generation? Explain in detail.(2003) Islam has pinpointed therights of womenand she has been properly regarded in all her capacities in the family. Elaborate comparing the facts with other religions.(2004) As per Quranic injunctions and sayings of the Holy Prophet (SAW), hijab is mandatory for Muslim women. The larger percentage of the women in our country is totally oblivious to these Quranic injunctions. Discuss reasons and suggest remedial measures.(2005) Describe the Right of Education for a Female in Islam.(2006) The application of Islamic Shariah is equal to man and woman, however, some injunctions are only related to woman explain.(2007) European and Human Rights Activists claim that Islam does not give properrights to women.What do you say about this statement?(2008) Keeping in view the requirements of Global Society, determine thefreedom and limitations of a Muslim Womanin the light of Islamic teachings.(2010) Discuss the concept ofveil and freedom of womanfrom Islamic point of view while analyzing the law against veil in France.(2011)(2013)

ETHICS Describing the relationship of morality and faith in theconcept of Islamic Ethics, also explain the Islamic principles and methods of character building.(2002) There is a clear relationship in between the morality and faith in concepts ofIslamic ethicshelping incharacter buildingof a nation and generation. Explain.(2004) Whatmoral valuesare given by the Deen-i-Islam? Can these values be changed keeping in view the western ethical system?(2008) Describing the importance of Ethical values in Islam, write a comparative note on Islamic morality code and Western code.(2010) In the light of the Islamic teachingsFaith and Ethicsare closely united, in spite of that Islamic Societies are in disorder. Discuss.(2010)

CHARACTERBUILDING Describing the relationship of morality and faith in theconcept of Islamic Ethics, also explain the Islamic principles and methods of character building.(2002)

HUMANITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS How does Islam regardhumanity? What is the concept of Khalafat in Islam?(2001) Define the religion ofIslam. Explain also the idea and place ofhumanityin Islam.(2003) The mostimportant issue of humanity is the recognition of the role and privilegesof a man. Discuss how Islam may play a role in this regard in today's scenario.(2010) It is the period of basic human rights. What is meant by human rights and what is a western concept of human right, discuss human rights of Islam in the light of the sermon of Hajjatul Widah.(2011) Discuss human rights of Islam in the light of the sermon of Hajjatul Wida.(2012)ROBLEMS OF HUMAN LIFE Explain the basic problems ofhuman lifeand their solution(2000)UMMAH Describe the role and objectives ofMuslim Ummah. How can it contribute to solve the problems of the present world?(2001) Write down in detail the problems of Ummah in the contemporary world.(2003) What is the role and objective ofMuslim Ummah? How can it contribute to solve its own and worlds problem?(2004) In todays, world, Muslim every where are being castigated and condemned by the west as extremists and terrorists having an evil ideology. Muslims are about 1/5th of the world population but they dont have a collective voice. Do you think the concept of Muslim umma is viable in todays world? Discuss(2005) Ijtihadcan play an important role in the establishment ofMuslim Ummahand the making of Humanity. Discuss.(2008) Muslim Ummah comprises of 1/5th of the total world population, rich in natural resources but lacking economic and political stability. Suggest measures for political and economic stability.(2009) In the globalization arena what role Muslim Ummah can play being custodian of Revealed Knowledge to resolve the complex problems of human kind?(2010) What is meant by civilization and culture and how it effects collective life and also analyzes the foundation of modern civilization and highlights the problems caused by it?(2011) Describe the concept of modern civilization and its effects on Muslim Ummah.(2012) Write down in detail the problems of Ummah in the contemporary world.(2013)SUICIDE ATTACKS Suicide attackshave become norm of the day , particularly in Iraq, Chechneya and Palestine. The common rationale for such activities reportedly is the persecution of the Muslims by western imperialism and American dominated hegemonic world order under the prevailing circumstances is the phenomenon of suicide attacks justified ? Give reasons(2005) Muslim Are Being Persecuted Any Where In Chechnya, Palestine, Kashmir And Iraq Etc.in This Scenario-are TheSuicide AttacksBy Muslims Are Justified? Unveil The Sharai Position Of The Issue Supported By Relevant Reverences.(2006) Suicidal and valiant attackshave become a routine. What is the difference between the two? Suggest reasons for the legitimacy of these attacks.(2009)ENLIGHTENED MODERATION What do you know about the concept of "enlightened moderation" Give your arguments in for and against this notion.(2007) What do you know about the concept ofenlightened moderation? Describe it in its historical perspective.(2008

SOCIOLOGY Sociology is the scientific study of human social life. Elaborate this statement with research methods applicable in sociological studies. (1990) As an officer how can you benefit yourself from the subject matter sociology? (1992) Sociology is social science of human interaction. Please elucidate. (1997) Note Sociology of the Holy Quran (1998) Sociology is the controlled observation and interpretation of differing patterns of human relationships, their sources and consequences. (Wilson) Discuss it in detail. (1999)

Chapter 1: Individual, Culture and SocietyINDIVIDUAL AS A SOCIAL PRODUCT. Prove that individual is a social produce. Highlight the contribution of culture and society in this process. (1993)

METHODS OF SOCIALIZATION How does socialization help in the development of personality? (1992) What do you understand by socialization? Discuss its function in the family. (1999) What is the role of culture in socialization of an individual to become a useful member of a society? Discuss with examples. (2001) In your opinion what are the advantages of socialization? Is socialization process applicable to the adults? Discuss it. (2005) Define social institution. What is the significance of family, religion and education as institutions in the process of socialization? Explain your answer with examples from Pakistani society? (2006) Individual is product of society and culture. Different methods of socialization lead to a variety of building norms and values in the personality of individuals. Discuss:(a) the relationship of individual, society and culture.(b) Different methods of socialization(c) the variation exemplified due to different methods of socialization in norms and values. (2007)

ETHNOCENTRISM Short note - Ethnocentrism and xenocentrism (1990) Ethnocentrism leads to sectarianism. Is it so? How both are number one problems of Pakistan? What are the remedies? (1997) Short note - Ethnocentrism (2004)

NORMS AND VALUES Short note - Value and norm (1997) In what respects are your values similar to those of your parents? In what respects do they differ? How do you explain these differences? (2008)

CULTURAL PATTERNS Discuss the role of culture and social group in the formation of personality. (1991) Define culture. Use this definition as a framework and discuss the salient features of Pakistani culture. (1992) Prove that individual is a social produce. Highlight the contribution of culture and society in this process. (1993) Culture is everything which is socially learned and shared by the members of a society. Discuss by giving examples from Pakistan society. (1994) Define and corroborate Culture and sub-culture. (1997) The cultural deception of the West and the cultural diffusion of the East lead to anomic. Elucidate. (1998) Often social change results in social disorganization. What cultural prerequisite can avoid such situation? (1998) Discuss Cultural implications of the small/nuclear family. (2000) Why is culture indispensable to human society and what part do norms and values play in social life. (2004) It has been said that a person raised in one culture may learn to act like people in an adopted culture, but will never be able to think and feel like a person of adopted culture. Do you agree?

Chapter 2: Sociological Theory

THEORIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS Short note Theory of differential association. Discuss the contribution of Ibn-i-Khaldun as a Muslim Social thinker. (1990) Who was Ibne Khaldun? What is his contribution to sociology with which publication and what theory? Is he a father of Sociology? (1997) Ibne Khaldun is quoted to have said, Solidarity with community lies in the adoption of moral standards inculcated by family to each member collectively responding to social responsibility. Please offer comments. (1998) Max Weber has written the book Sociology of Religion. What are its main contents? (1998) Comprehensive note Ibne Khalduns contribution to Sociology. (1999) Discuss the contributions of Ferdinand Tonnies to scientific sociology. (1999) Keeping in view the contributions of Max Weber and Karl Marx, elaborate the salient features of the school of sociological thought they present. (2000) Ibne Khaldun is known as Father of Sociology. Briefly discuss his contributions to sociology. (2001) Discuss the concept of social solidarity and are the ideas of Ibne Khaldun and Emile Durkheim on this regard. Divisions of Labour has been discussed by various sociological theories. Discuss in detail the point of view taken about divisions of labour by Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim. (2002) Max Weber is a strong advocate of bureaucratic forum of government system. Explain in detail what lead Max Weber to write in favour of bureaucracy. (2002) Describe the idea of philosophy of money as presented by George Simmel. How and in what ways other scholars have presented their views to describe the idea of philosophy of money. (2003) What major contributions did Karl Marx and Ibne Khaldun make to our understanding of the social experience? (2004) What are different theories about origin of society? Discuss them in detail. (2005) What is the role of C. W. Mills in the development of Frankfurt School of Conflict Theory? Where and how he differs from his contemporaries? Discuss with evidence. (2006) What major contributions were made by Emile Durkhiem and Max Weber to the understanding of society theoretically? How far the two theories can be taken relevant today? (2007) Karl Marx has discussed labour theory of value in detail. What do you understand by that theory; write your answer in detail. (2008) Discuss the major contributors of Max Weber in understanding the society theoretically. (2009) Karl Marx Theory of Labour Discuss in detail. (2009), (2011) Discuss critically the theories of social action and bureacracy presented by Max Weber. How the theory of bureaucracy is relevant to situation in Pakistan? Discuss with logic and evidence. (2010) Write a note in detail on "Evolutionary Theory" given by Ibn-i-Khaldun. (2011)

Chapter 3: Methods of Sociological Research

SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH Sociological research findings are scientific to the extent sociologists use scientific method of research. Discuss. (1991) Distinguish between survey research and experimental research. Choose anyone of the two and discuss it in detail. (1991) Distinguish between probability and non-probability sampling. Discuss the types of probability sampling in detail. (1992) What do you understand by research design? Take any research which you think is suitable to study human behaviour and discuss it in detail. (1994) Is survey research really scientific? Illustrate by giving major scientific characteristics of survey research. What is hypothesis? Formulate five hypothesis indicating variable of facts. (1997) Which one of the designs of social research is more preferred by sociologists and why? (2000) Discuss briefly the method of sociological research. Formulate three hypothesis indicating variable of each. (2001) What do you understand by experimental method used in data collection? Explain why some researchers preferred it over other data collection methods in social sciences and for what kind of studies experimental method is used by researchers. (2002) When is survey research appropriate? What type survey research would you use to study heroin users? Define the logic of your choice. (2003) What do you understand by scales and indexes used in social sciences? When is it necessary to shift the base of an index and how is the process carried out? (2003) Short Note Probability and Non-probability Sampling (2004) Why is research essential to the scientific enterprise and what are the principal theoretical methods available to sociologists in the study of social life? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? (2004) Discuss the importance of social research for the study of sociology. Explain the steps to be taken in Social Research Process. (2005) What is a research design? What type of a research design can be used for studying the problems of drug addiction/HIV/AIDS in Pakistani society? Discuss with examples. (2006) Discuss the salient features of experimental design of research. What are the limitations in its application to the study of human behaviour? A research design is a roadmap for investigation. Discuss the major decisions a researcher makes in designing a study. While discussing decisions, identify a research problem with reference to which the designing has been envisaged. (2007) What type of survey would you use to study young criminals? Defend the logic of choice in detail. (2008) Discuss the term Social Research and explain the important steps of inducting social research. (2009) What is internal validity that influences social science research design? What are different threats to internal validity? Discuss with examples. (2010) Define the term "Social Research" and discuss the procedure "How to conduct a Research?" (2011) Chapter 4: Social Interaction

CLASS What advantages and disadvantages does a closed class system hold for a society? For the individual? Mention some deliberate attempts to decrease competition for status in Pakistan. (1990) What is social class? Does it perform some functions in society? Give arguments in support of your view point. (1991) Discuss the significance of social class. (1994) What is the difference of caste and class? How socio-cultural changes effect both? (1997) Discuss the class structure of Pakistani society with special reference to(a) the influence of the class structure at the time of independence.(b) the determinants of social mobility (c) the feudal system (2007)

BRADRI SYSTEM What role biradri/caste system is playing in decision making on political issues especially local bodies elections in rural areas of Pakistan? How this biradri based political organization influences the community development processes? Discuss in the light of issues/conflicts arising from the situation and their impact on the individual, family and society. (2006) What is role of biradri/castes in political system of Pakistan? support your answer with data and evidence from previous general election results in Pakistani society. (2010)

FEUDALISM What is the difference of caste and class? Discuss the impact of Feudal System in Pakistan. Among the social problems Feudalism still plays negative role to build up Pakistan as an egalitarian Islamic Republic. Please offer your own views with justification. (1998) Critically evaluate Feudal system in Pakistan. (2000) What are the different forms of Social Classes? Discuss the impact of Feudal System in Pakistan. (2001)

STATUS Define status. Discuss the factors which decide status of an individual in society. (2005)

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND MOBILITY Define social mobility. Discuss its determinants in Pakistani society. Discuss the concept of social mobility and compare the ideas of Ibne Khuldun on the subject with those of Emile Durkehim. What is social stratification? Discuss its significance by giving examples from Pakistani society. (1992) Do you consider yourself to be a highly mobility-oriented? What factors do you think explain your mobility orientation? (1993) What do you understand by social mobility? Discuss do transfer of payments aid or discourage social mobility. (2008)

Chapter 5: Social Control The world would be a hopeless muddle if we were allowed to do exactly as we pleased and have all the freedom we wanted. Comment on the statement with reference to social control. (1990) Write an essay on social control highlighting the forces that become instrumental in a change from its informal status to a formal status. (1992) Discuss the means and processes whereby Pakistani society secures its members conformity to its expectations. (1994) Discuss briefly the internal and external means of social control with reference to Pakistani society. (2001) Define social control. What are the informal modes of social control? Chapter 6: Social and Cultural Change and Social Policy Processes

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CHANGE What are some of the change promoting and change-resisting features of Pakistani society? (1990) Often social change results in social disorganization. What cultural pre-requisites can avoid such situation? (1998) Define and differentiate social and cultural change. Discuss the impediments to change with the reference to the resistance to change in Pakistani society and culture. (2000) How socio-cultural change effects caste and class? What factors are related to social and cultural change? Give examples of Pakistan. (2001) Highlight the factors that promote social change. Discuss the theories that explain the nature of social change. Note Incentives and inhibitions to social and cultural change in Pakistan. (2007) Define the term Social Change. How it occurs in a traditional society? Discuss it in detail. (2009) Discuss the role of media in social and cultural change in pakistan. What type of social planning/policy is needed to direct this change in the context of our own social and cultural values. Discuss with examples. (2010) Define the term "Social change" and discuss the process of social change in group behaviour. (2011)

SOCIAL POLICY Please write the salient features of social policy of Pakistan. Please also refer to the constitution of 1973. (1998)

DIFFUSION What do you understand by diffusion of innovation? Taking Pakistan situation are we in a position to reach the stage of taking off economically? (2003)

INCENTIVES AND INHIBITIONS Discuss the incentives and inhibitions to social and cultural change in Pakistan. (1993) Define social change and discuss the incentives to social and cultural change in Pakistan. (1999)

SOCIAL PLANNING Social planning is an attempt at the intelligent direction of social change. Discuss by examining the difficulties the difficulties in directing social change. (1994)

Chapter 7: CommunityCOMMUNITIES Differentiate between society and community. Discuss the characteristics of community in detail. The size of population could be one quantitative basis of distinguishing rural from an urban community. Suggest qualitative criteria for differentiating the rural and urban communities from each other.(1992) Define the term Community and discuss the important characteristics of rural and urban community. (2009)

RURAL Using sociological concepts discuss the traditional characteristics of rural society (1993) There is a thesis that the development programs/strategies to change the fate of poor farming community in rural Pakistan are not based upon the evidence-based policy. Therefore, a failure in this regard is being faced for the last several decades. How do you support this thesis? Make an evidence-based argument in the light of different evaluations/assessments made for rural development in Pakistan. (2006)

URBANIZATION Pakistan is fast moving from a rural society to an urban society but people in the cities dont seem to display urban way of life.(1991) Note Issues of urbanization in Pakistan. (2000) Urbanization in pakistan is increasing day by day. How do you look into the future of major cities in pakistan? Discuss in light of terror and security situation in these cities. (2010) Discuss in detail "Urbanization as a process". (2011)

Chapter 8: Social Institutions An institution is an organized system of social relationship which embodies certain common values and procedures and meets certain basic needs of the society. Comment on the society. (1990) Why in a highly scientific society is religion still alive? What persisting human needs explain the persistence of religious institutions? (1990) Discuss the inter-relationship between economic and education institutions. (1991) Discuss variabilities in family organization. Use of sociological concepts is essential. (1993) The shift from agricultural occupations to non-agricultural occupations (1994) Comprehensive note Functions of social institutions, (1999) Discuss in detail how social institutions/organizations have been useful in social economic development of a society. (2002) Define social institution and how can religion hold in check the explosive social tensions produced by inequality and injustice.(2004) Define social institution. What is the significance of family, religion and education as institutions in the process of socialization? Explain your answer with examples from Pakistani society. (2006) has tremendous impact on the structure and functions of family. Explain each point by giving examples from Pakistani society. Note The nature and genesis of social institutions with special reference to political institutions. (2007) How do you perceive the future of family institution/system in pakistan.? Discuss with examples especially keeping in view marriage, elderly and youth problems in the families. (2010)

Chapter 9: Social Problems in PakistanPOPULATION The size of population could be one quantitative basis of distinguishing rural from an urban community. Suggest qualitative criteria for differentiation the rural and urban communities from each other. (1992) Birth, deaths and migration are the three factors that determine the population growth rate of a country. What is happening to these factors that the population if Pakistan is growing at an unprecedented rate? Give arguments in support of your answer. (1993) Discuss Social consequences of high population growth rate. (2000) Short note Implications of population growth. (2004) Future of cities in Pakistan. (2004) In what manner the size of the population affects the shape of the society. How the mass exodus of rural population to urban areas and shift of agricultural non-agricultural occupations has affected the function of the family. Rural-Urban convergence and the future of cities in Pakistan (2007) Short Note Effects of Population Policy 2002 (2008)

ALIENATION Political thinkers in Pakistan lament that man in the street is alienated. Do you agree to the statement and if you agree give reasons. Discuss: 1. Nature of alienation 2. Integration 3. Integrative patterns in Pakistan (2007)

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION Prove that Pakistan is passing through the phase of demographic transitions. Suggest measures to shorten this transitional phase. (1992) Note Demographic transitions identifying the stage in Pakistan. (2007)

DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR What is Deviant behaviour? Discuss the major types of crime in Pakistan with your suggestions for their reformations. (1999) What are the social effects of deviance and do crime fighting programmes including imprisonment work in Pakistan. (2004)

SOCIAL CONFLICTS Short note- Social conflicts (2006) In the light of theoretical perspectives (Hegel, Marx, Coser,Mills) explain the true nature of conflict. Discuss the various forms of pervasive conflict in Pakistan Society. (2007)

INTERNAL AND INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION Short note International migration (2001) Rural-Urban migration is causing labour-drain form rural communities. What problems this situation is creating in the labour market of rural communities. As a subject scholar, what do you suggest to minimize these problems? Discuss with examples. (2006) Migration from rural to urban area is on the rise in Pakistan. Discuss all the positive and negative points at the origin and destination keeping theory of migration into consideration. (2008) Short note Internal migration (2008) Discuss Migration as a social phenomenon. (2009)

AGING Short note Aging of population. (2003)

DRUG ABUSE Drug abuse has become a critical issue of Pakistan. Analyze the factors that help in the generation of this problem. (1994) Note drug abuse and crime (2001) Note Drug abuse (2006) Note Drug abuse in Pakistan (2010) Define the term "Social problem" and discuss the causes of drug abuse in Pakistan. (2011)

SMUGGLING Define social problem. Discuss the cause and consequences of smuggling specially the socio-cultural dimensions of the problem. (2000) Define social problems. Discuss the causes and consequences of smuggling. (2009) ILLITERACY Prove that illiteracy is a social problem of Pakistan. (1993)

POVERTY Note- Poverty issue in Pakistan (2002), (2010) How you can define poverty and what strategies the Government of Pakistan has adopted to alleviate poverty and also discuss the role of NGOs to address the issue of poverty. (2004)

ABUSES AND CRIMES Explain social, environmental and psychological factors associated with young criminals. Answer the question with special reference to Pakistani society. (2002) Note Child and woman abuse in Pakistan. (2002) The young criminals have been on the increase in Pakistan for the last many years in jail. Write down critically the main effects associated with Juvenile delinquency. (2003) Note Factors influencing high divorce rate in Pakistan (2003) Note Factions and feuds (2005) Note Parole System in Pakistan (2005)

SUICIDE Discuss Emile Durkheims analysis of suicide and its effects on human society. (1999) Durkheim wrote extensively on the suicide. Critically examine his views about suicide. (2003)

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Discuss the theories of personality development with supporting examples. (1990) How does socialization help in the development of personality? (1992)

MODERNIZATION What do you understand by the term modernization? Discuss the important factors associated with modernization of a society with special reference to Pakistan society. (2002)

GROUPS Short Notes- Group Dynamics(1990) Short Notes- Reference Group (1990) Why are human groupsnecessary? How does our present society foster the growth of specialized groups? (1990) Discuss the role of social groupand culture in personality formation (1991) Are primary groups synonymous to the reference groups? Please argue defining both and comparing them with examples. (1997) If heredity makes what an individual is then how and what groupscontribute in socializing us to become interactive useful member of society? (2000) Differentiate between Primary and Secondary Groups. Discuss the character of Primary Relations. (2005)

MISCELLANEOUS The present status of women in Pakistani society cannot be changed unless they go through the process of empowerment. Discuss. (1991) Define the terms Race and Racism. Discuss the causes responsible for Race Prejudices and how these can be eradicated. (2005) Discuss the status of elderly people in Pakistani society. (2011) Short notes: Looking-glass self (1990) Delinquent and offender (1997) Social environment and social ecology (1997) Social dynamism (1998) SAP (1998) JOURNALISM Journalismis playing a verysignificant rolein the present day societies. Comment.(2000) Describe thefunctions of journalismas a challenging profession and devise guiding principles for todays journalists,(2001) Explain theconcept of Embedded Journalism.Do you think that it had compromised news objectivity and freedom of press?(2003) Looking intolatest developmentstaking place in thefield of journalismdetermine the role of a journalist in the 21st Century.(2005) Explain therole of journalistsin socio-economic development of the country like Pakistan.(2006) Definejournalism. Discuss itsmain objectives and functions. How would you distinguish it from other forms of communication? What areethical issues associated with online journalismand also suggest ways to solve these ethical issues(2012)

NEWSPAPER How do you perceive therole of newspapersin Pakistan looking into recent developments taking place in the world?(2001) Describe the factors that determine character of internal public in newspaper organization(2012)

REPORTING How would you differentiate betweenT.V. news reporting and newspaper reporting? Short Note -Ethics of reporting; objectivity and conflict of interests(2001)MASS COMMUNICATION What do you know aboutMass Communication? Describe its importance in the present age.(2006) Mass communicationis considered important in modern age. Discuss theconcept and process of communication.(2010) Explain functions of Mass Communication with relevant examples(2012)

NEWS What isnews; itsfunction and valuemay be explained in detail.(2006) Inspite of having clear criteria by which to judge news, the fact is that thenews is what we make of it. Discuss.(2001) Describe the criteria and parameters ofselecting and structuring the news.(2005) Four main factors determine thevalue of news, size, timelessness, proximity and importance. Briefly comment on each factor. Differentiate news components from news values(2007) Newsis drama and story telling". Discuss.(2004) Short Note Difference betweenstructure of news storyfor radio and newspaper,(2003) Newsis the real soul of Journalism. What are the major functions and values of news? Discuss in detail.(2008) Newshave in depth influencein any society. Discuss the effects of different news on Pakistan Society Describenews, "which is the real soul of journalism" with examples?(2010)

PRESS Discuss the state offreedom of pressin Pakistan.(2000) Pressis the vital necessity in the progress and welfare of a nation because it is through the press that a nation can be guided and its opinion moulded. In the light of Quaid-e-Azams statement, look into the obligation and responsibilities of todays press of Pakistan.(2005) What do you know understand fromfreedom of press? What laws govern it? Discuss with reference to the Defamation Ordinance 2002. Argue for and against its provisions giving your own opinion. Short note Press council(2002) Short note Press ethics(2002) Short note Press note(2006) Short note Press conference(2006) Short note Press communiqu(2006) Freedom of Press and Responsibility are two common issues in the filed of journalism. Discuss and evaluate the case of Pakistan regarding these concepts?(2008) Describe an idealPress Code of Ethicsfor Pakistan Journalists.(2009) In a globalized world, discuss and evaluate the concepts of "Free Press" and "Responsibility" in the developing and developed societies.(2010)

PRESS RELEASE Write a detailedpress releaseon an imaginative public meeting which turned out to be a law and order situation. Short note Press release(2006)

ADVERTISEMENT What do you know aboutadvertising? Explain its function and importance in the modern age.(2006) What are thesocial implications of advertising?(2000) Is it correct that you cannot sell even gold withoutadvertising?(2002) How do you defineadvertising? Describe the functions and discuss the scope and prospects of advertising as a profession in Pakistan.(2005) Explain how a typicaladvertising agencyoperates. What isadvertising? Discuss its nature as a mass medium and its impact on different sectors of the society. What are its advantages and disadvantages? Suggest a code of ethics for advertisers. Survey thedevelopment of Advertisingin Pakistan(2007) Short Note - Importance of research andcreativity in advertising(2003) "Public relation andadvertisingis not everybody's cup of tea". Discuss(2004) Define Advertising? What are theprinciples of successful advertising? Discuss the latest trends in advertising being practiced in our society?(2008) Advertisingis spinal cord of any media organization. Discuss all aspects.(2009) How doesAdvertising influence society? Discuss thelatest trends and practicesin society and theprinciplesof successful advertising?(2010) Critically evaluatesocio-economic impact of mobile package advertisementson Pakistani youth.(2011) Suppose u have developed a new diet drink, and are ready to market it..develop a research study for identifying the elements topics that should be stressed in your advertisement(2012)

PUBLIC RELATIONS Public Relationsis actually Image Building Activity. Explain.(2006) DefinePublic Relationsand explain therole of Public Relations Officers(2006) in any organization. How doesPublic Relations differ from advertising? Does Public Relations offers advantages not available through advertising? Explain.(2001) What are the functions of thePublic Relations consultancy? How could a Public Relations man be aided by using the services such consultancy?(2003) An efficientPublic Relations effectis the result of four-step process: a) Info gathering b) Planning c) Communication d) Evaluation. Discuss(2005) What ispublic opinion? Assess theRole of Public Relationsin formation of an opinion. An ablePublic Relations Officerkeeps an organization from sinking. Explain.(2002) Public Relations Importance in the world of communication What is your opinion about the present status ofPublic Relations Practice(2007) in Pakistan? "Public relation and advertisingis not everybody's cup of tea". Discuss(2004) What is thepurpose and scope of Public Relationin any organization? Describe the major responsibilities of a Public Relation Officer?(2008) What isdifference between Public Relation Officer and Personal Assistant? Mention the role and responsibilities of a good P.R.O.(2009) In modern society what role does public relations and P.R.O play in any organization?(2010) "Public Relations is deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its public", explain.(2011)

COMMUNICATION Communicationis a process, a series of action, always in motion and directed towards a particular goal. Elaborate. How do you definecommunication? With the help of different models describe the progress of communication.(2005) Please identify the salient features ofsuccessful communication. TheTwo-steps Flow Model of Communicationsdivides media audience into active and passive members; there is absolutely no reason why there should not be three, four or five steps flow of communications? Please comment. What is meant byCognitive Theory of Communication and Cognitive Dissonance? Suggest measures to welcome physical and psychological barriers causing cognitive dissonance.(2003) What are the essentials ofeffective communication? Support your answer with arguments?(2007) What do mean by acommunication theoryand how it is constructed?(2004) Discuss theconcept and process of communication? What is the importance of Mass Communication in this modern age?(2008) Discuss theconcept and barriers of communications. Are these barriers also existing in this modern information age?(2009)

TELEVISION Describe thepotentials of T.V. mediumand make critical analysis how far we have been able to make its effective use for natural development.(2001) Cable T.V.has made possible transmission of foreign satellite T.V. channels content at mars level in Pakistan. Suggest measure, to check delinquency, violence, vulgarity, indecency and hate crime of their content.(2003) Inspite of being highly potential and popular mediumT.V. in Pakistanhas failed to play a key role in national development and to promote our values and culture. Critically analyze.(2005) Evaluate critically the performance ofprivate T.V channelsin Pakistan(2009) Discuss the role of private TV Channels in political and social mobilisation after their inception in and after 2002 in Pakistan.(2011) In the light of karl marx media theory: analyze the role of at least 3 tv channels with the special reference of flood disaster. what is national development? and how media can play role in national development(2012)

MUSLIM PRESS What role did themilitant Muslims pressplayed in the sub-continent?(2000) Urdu journalismis divided into three periods i.e. before the creation of Pakistan, from 1947 to 1980 and from 1980 upto the present times. What in your opinion, are the differences among these periods.(2002) Can thejournalism of Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad or Maulana Mohammad Ali Joharsucceed in todays world? Of not, give reasons.(2002) The history of Pakistan Movement and of journalism in the sub-continent is inextricably woven with each other. Elaborate the role played by any two distinguishedMuslim journalistsin the freedom movement.(2003) During 1936 to 1947 number ofMuslim newspapersappeared. Elucidate role of any four newspapers for the cause of Pakistan Movement. Role of pressin promoting cause of Pakistan movement.(2006) Discuss therole of Muslim pressduring the war of independence 1857 and afterwards. Give a comparative analysis ofwriting styles of Maulana Zafar Ali Khan and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.(2004) Discuss the role played by theMuslim Press during Pakistan Movement?(2008) Zimindarplayed very effective role against British imperialism. Discuss in detail.(2009) Critically examine the role of Muslim press during Pakistan Movement.(2010) "Maulana Zafar Ali Khan's 'Zamindar'introduced many new trendsin Urdu journalism".explain in detail.(2011) Explain the historical perspective of journalism in subcontinent(2012)

MAGAZINES Write a critical note on thepresent status of magazinejournalism in Pakistan. Evaluate the personality of any magazine, you like the most.(2004) Short Note -Scope of news magazines(2001) Short Note -Scientific society magazine(2000) Short Note -Magazine journalism; its scope and social aspects.(2005) Survey thestatus of Magazine Journalismin Pakistan? What are the functions and scope of magazines in our society?(2008) Whatrole does magazine journalism playin Pakistan and what are thefunctions and scopeof magazines in our society?(2010)

EDITORIAL Short Note -Editorial cartoon(2001) Editorialis the voice of newspapers. Evaluate any three editorials of any English/Urdu national daily of your choice,(2003) Describe theneed and significance of editorial.(2007) Defineeditorial. Discuss its important aspects. How successfully and in what manner it can mould public opinion. Describe themajor types of editorial performfor its readers?What function does an editorial perform for its readers?(2011)

MEDIA It is said thatif the Taliban had the mediawith them they would never have been defeated. Do you think so? Give a comprehensive answer.(2002) Significance offolk and traditional mediain creating mass awareness about development activities in rural areas.(2003) Considering that Media are given greater importance, describe thefreedom of media.(2010) "Todays media has taken centre stage role in the daily life and society". Give your comments on this statement in the light of media system dependence theory(2012) In the light of karl marx media theory: analyze the role of at least 3 tv channels with the special reference of flood disaster. what is national development? and how media can play role in national development(2012)

ELECTRONICMEDIA Survey thedevelopment of electronic mediain Pakistan?(2007) Evaluate therole of electronic mediain Pakistan.(2000) In the west,electronic mediahas not succeeded in taking the position of the print media. Explain.(2002) Themass mediain Pakistan are confronting many problems Please comment.(2007) Short Note - Opening up ofelectronic media to a private sectorin Pakistani.(2003) The present era is considered as theera of development of electronic mediain Pakistan. Critically evaluate the role of present TV Channels in social development?(2008) Media lawsin Pakistan are hindrance in the way of free media. Give your arguments for or against the comment keeping in view thecurrent laws and ordinances relating to electronic mediain Pakistan.(2011)

MASSMEDIA Mass media's dominant educational function relates to informal education, comment and justify with the help of relevant examples.(2011) Discuss the importance of people's participation in the process of development and subsequent role of mass media(2012)

PRINTMEDIA Give your evaluation of the role ofprint journalismin Pakistan?(2007) Short Note - Code of ethics for print media(2005) HowPrint Mediais so important in Pakistan society after the development of electronic Media? Argue in detail.(2009)

MISCELLANEOUS What are theimplications of information explosionsfor the countries like Pakistan?(2000) "Concept of responsibilityprecludes objectivity". Do you agree? Write your argumentative answer.(2004) Write short notes onany two column writers(Urdu/English) of your choice. Also give the reason(s) of your selection.(2004) "FM radio channels have revolutionized the broadcast landscape in Pakistani and have become one of the preferred source of entertainment for youngsters", give your arguments for or against this statement.(2011)

SHORT NOTES Hand out(2006) APNS(2000), (2002) Manshoor Global village(2000) Free flow of information(2001) CNN(2002)EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Muslim Scientists Ibne Rushd -1987 Al Farabi -1991 Ibn e Nafis -1991 Al Kinidi -1991 Ibn Hayyan -1987,2001,2011 Ibn al Baitar -1995,2001 Abu Ali Sina -1991,2001,2008,2011 Biruni -1995,2005,2010 Ibn Al-Haitham-1987,1995,2005,2010, 2012 Muhammad bin Musa Al-Khawarizmi -2008, 2012 Umer Al Khayam -1991, 2001,2009 Zakariya Al Razi -1987, 2001, 2009Balanced Diet Balanced diet 1993, 1994, 2002, 2007, 2008,2012 Pasteurization 1987, 1995, 2001, 2008 Disease caused by deficiency 1987 Sources of Vitamins 1990 Vitamin A -2012 Vitamin C -2012 Iron -2012 Calcium -2012 Iodine -2012Computers Software 1991, 2000, 2002 Registers 1998, 2000 Computers 1991 Microcomputers 1991 Peripheral uses 1991 Hardware 1991 CPU 1996 RAM 2000 Byte 2000 Mouse 2000 Icons 2000 Control Unit 2000 LAN 2000 Modem 2000 ALU 2000 Computer Viruses 2008 Millennium Bug -2009 Internet -2010,2011Energy Renewable energy resources 1996, 2001, 2008,2011,2013 Geothermal energy 2005, 2008 Non conventional source of energy 1994 Magnetic resonance Imaging 2006 Tide energy 2006 Dam and barrage 2006 Voltage Stabilizer -2010 Forms of energy -2011 Types of energy-2011 Nuclear energy -2013Universe Solar System -1999, 2002, 2003, 2008 Planets 1986, 2002 Lunar Eclipse 1994, 1999 Solar Eclipse 1999 Hovering Satellite 1994 Steroid 2002 Mercury 2004 Plato 2004,2011 Communication satellite 2005 Satellites 2007 Artificial Satellite -2011 Supernova 2008 Synchronous satellite -2009 Big Dipper -2009 Nebula -2009 Big Bang Theory -2011 Galaxy -2011Hazards of Sciences Water pollution 1995, 2000, 2001, 2005 Global warming 1998, 2004, 2006,2010,2013 Green house effect 1998, 2001, 2009 Acid rain 1990, 2002 Environmental pollution 1988 Reclaim a saline soil 1989 Water logging 1989 Salinity 1989 Ozone depletion -1996Geography Earthquake 1989, 1998, 2008, 2012 Heavy water 1989, 1985,2013 Structure of earth 1997, 2003 Minerals 2002, 2009 Lightening 1985 Seasonal variation 1991,2010, 2012 Movements of the earth and its atmosphere 2000 Earth hour movement-2013 Seismograph 2004 Tsunami 2005, 2012 Sedimentary rocks 2007, 2012 Days and nights 1991 Volcanoes 1999, 2012 International Date Line 1998 Deforestation 1995 Igneous rocks -2009 Typhoons -2011 Tornadoes -2011 Physical characteristics of earth -2012 Ocean Tides -2012 Floods -2012 Metamorphic rocks -2012Biology Pollination (cross) 1988, 1991, 2001, 2003 Photosynthesis 1987, 1988, 1998, 2001,2012 Ecosystem 1994, 2000, 2001, 2002 Positively and negatively phototropic parts of plant 1987 Nitrogen cycle 1992,2012 Structure of animal cell 1994 Cellulose 1992 Viruses 1994 Osmosis 1997 Transpiration 1997 Important parts of flower 2001 Fertilization 2001 Animal cell 2008 Producers and consumers of ecosystem 1989 Balance of nitrogen in atmosphere 1985 Glycolysis 1997 Phototaxis 1997 Root tubers 1987, 1992 Food chain 1987 Symbiosis 1987 Biochemical cycle 1992 Diffusion 1994 Catabolism 1995 Epiphytes 2007 Similarities and differences between animals and plants -2009 Amphibian -2009 Vertebrates -2010 Invertebrates -2010 Flying mammal 2010 Bird 2010 Ribosome -2011 Mitochondria -2011 Lysosomes -2011 Chloroplasts -2011 Golgi apparatus -2011 Nucleic acids -2011Human Biology Endocrine glands 1990, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007 Human eye 1985, 1990, 2002 Hemophilia 1987, 1989, 1992 Excretory system 1995, 2000 Human brain 1990, 1994 Principle of immunization 1987, 1995 Chromosomes 1988, 1989 Composition of blood 1995, 1999 Hormones 2001, 2008 Human kidney 1988 Human blood 1988 Clotting 1988 Heredity 1989,2010 Hereditary disease transferred from parents to offsprings -2010 DNA 1990,2012 Digestion 1991 Feedback mechanism of human system 2000 Characters transmitted from parents to offsprings 2007 Blood pressure 1987 Immunity 1987 Blood groups 1998 Ovulation 2003 Gene 2006 Biotechnology 2003,2013 Receptors and receptor organs in human body -2009 Genetic Engineering- 2009 Coronary artery -2010 Sino- Auricular Node -2010 Aortic valve -2010 Auricle -2010 Reflex Action -2010 mRNA -2012 Proteins -2012Chemistry Polymer (synthetic) 1994, 2001, 2002 Heavy water-2011 Soft water Hard Water-2011 Carbon cycle 1992, 1998, 2000 Suplhide Cynnabar (Hgs) 2003 Catalyst 1992 Fermentation- 2009 Aqua Regia -2009 Enrichment of Uranium -2009 Allotropy -2009 Isomers-2010,2011 Isotopes -2010,2011Diseases Virus 1987, 1994 Meningistis 2000 Pollen allergy 2006 Bird flu 2006 Short sightedness 1998 Dengue Virus -2009 Swine flu -2010Physics Nuclear fission 1986, 1987, 1998, 2001 Fusion 1986, 1998, 2001 Radioactivity 1989, 2008 Law of gravitation 1992 Conductor 1998, 2012 Resistor 1998 Transistor 1998 Escape velocity 1999 Optic fiber 2003,2013 Insulator -2012 Semiconductor -1990, 1998, 2000, 2008,2011,2012 Superconductor -2012Inventions of Science Laser 1986, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2012,2013 Pesticides 1990, 1995, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2010,2012,2013 Antibiotics 1989, 1996, 2001, 2002,2011,2012,2013 Antibody 1998,2011 Ceramics 1996, 2001, 2007, 2008 Telephone 1990, 1994, 2000 RADAR 1986, 2001 Vaccine 1990, 1996, 2001,2011,2012 Television 1999, 2001 Plastics 1986,2008,2011 Fertilizers 2002, 2004,2011 Microwave oven 2001, 2008, 2010,2011 Immunization 1995 Transmistor 1998 Escape velocity 1999 Photovoltaic Cell 2001,2012 Tape recorder 2001 Camera 2008 Teleprinter-2009 Vacuum Cleaner -2009 Microwave oven 2001, 2008 Pace Maker 2010 Antiviral Drug -2012 MMR Vaccine -2012Miscellaneous Ultrasonic waves 1986, 2005 Plaster of Paris 1998, 2006, 2010 Radio waves 1990 Scavenger 1998 Superconductivity 2004 Night Vision Technology 2004 Supersonics 2006 Short circuit 1998 Shockwaves 2005 Second barrier 2005 Solar cell 2005 Reaction time 1998 Quartz 2003 Allele 2002 Pressure cooker 2001 Paramagnetism and diamagnetism 2001 CNG 2001 Super fluid 2005 Photovoltaic cell 2005 Theodolite 2006 Hygrometer 2005, 2010 Role of Nitrogen and phosphorous in plant 1990 Modulation 1995 Saponification 1997 Nuclear reactor 2007 Hydrometer 2010 Plaster of Paris 2010 Perimeter 2010 Telemeter 2010 Microscope -2011 Telescope -2011 Ultrasonics -2011 Infrasonics -2011 Antigens -2011 Nanotechnology 2013 Chemotherapy 2013 Radiotherapy 2013 Porifera -2013