ozone plume formation and impact of environmental measures in the escompte area

Ozone plume formation and Ozone plume formation and impact of environmental impact of environmental

measures in the ESCOMPTE measures in the ESCOMPTE areaarea

I. Coll, F. Lasry, S. Fayet, M. I. Coll, F. Lasry, S. Fayet, M. Samaali and J.L. PoncheSamaali and J.L. Ponche

ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling Modelling site : The Berre – Fos – Marseille area on the Mediterranean French coast

Sitedescription

CO emissionsVOC emissionsSecteur d'activité

Production/distribution d'énergie

Industrie/déchets

Résidentiel/tertiaire

Transports routiers

Transports non routiers

Agriculture/sylviculture/nature

Production/distribution energyIndustry wasteRésidential

Road trafficNon-road traffic

Agric/natural sources

Fos-Berre

Marseille

Site of the large ESCOMPTE 3D campaign in

summer 2001

ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling ACCENT/GLOREAM Workshop - Paris, France, 11-13 October 2006 - 19th workshop on tropospheric chemical transport modelling

- Regional domain 140*140 km2- Horizontal resolution : 4km- Vertical resolution: sigma-P levels- 15 levels from the ground to 3km

Boundary conditions provided by the continental version of CHIMERE

MM5 * version 3.6

- Boundary layer scheme: MRF PBL or Hong-Pan PBL - Microphysic: Schultz, 1995- Radiativ Scheme: Rapid Radiativ Transfer Model- Surface scheme: NOAH Land Surface Model

Two way-nudging = 6 heures *

www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5

O3P+O3->nothing O3P+NO2->NO O1D+M->O3P+M O3+NO->NO2 O3+NO2->NO3 NO+NO3->2*NO2 NO2+NO3->NO+NO2 HO+HONO->NO2 HO+NO3->HO2+NO2. HO+CO->HO2+CO2. HO+CO+M->HO2+CO2+M HO+O3->HO2 HO2+NO->HO+NO2 HNO4+HO->NO2 HO2+O3->HO HO2+HO2->H2O2 HO2+HO2+M->H2O2+M. NO3+HO2->0.8*HO+0.8*NO2+0.2*HNO3.

SAPRC99 *

- 80 species, 33 emitted- 240 reactions

- Detailed radical chemistry- Detailed speciation of

VOC

* Documentation of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism for VOC reactivity assessement

, Carter

Dedicated emission inventory (PRIMEQUAL 2 – PREDIT

Project - MEDD)AIRMARAIX, LPCA

Resolution: 1 and 4 km95 species

15 activity sectors

EMISSIONS DYNAMIC

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

CHEMISTRYPRIMEQUAL MM5

CHIMERE continental

SimulationsScenarios

SAPRC99EMISSIONS DYNAMIC

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

CHEMISTRYDEDICATED. MM5

CHIMERE continental

SimulationsScenarios

SAPRC99ApproachApproach CHIMERE model to study the pollutant CHIMERE model to study the pollutant

evolution evolution Simulation of numerous episodes : 24 days Simulation of numerous episodes : 24 days

(ESCOMPTE IOPs and 2003 heat wave) - Model (ESCOMPTE IOPs and 2003 heat wave) - Model validationvalidation

Oxidant-precursor relationshipOxidant-precursor relationship Prospective scenario aproachProspective scenario aproach

http://www.ipsl.jussieu.fr/

http://www.lisa.univ-paris12.fr/

http://www.ineris.fr/


Model validationModel validation Statistical interpretation by zone Statistical interpretation by zone

Correlation, biasCorrelation, bias (un)paired peak accuracy(un)paired peak accuracy Predicted and missed exceedances, fake alertsPredicted and missed exceedances, fake alerts


Evaluate ozone productionEvaluate ozone production Characterization of ozone production ratesCharacterization of ozone production rates

07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Ozone production is locally fast : up to 40-50 ppbv/hNo more significant ozone production at 14:00 UT

O3 PO3


Evaluate ozone productionEvaluate ozone production Characterization of ozone production ratesCharacterization of ozone production rates

COV bio COV anthrop

P(O3)+wind COV/NOx


Determine the importance Determine the importance of coastal specificitiesof coastal specificities

Dynamical impact : nighttime breezesDynamical impact : nighttime breezes

Significant ozone production at seaFurther transport of the plume towards the coast

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

O3 PO3


O3 - emission temporal O3 - emission temporal dependance dependance

Emissions involved in ozone production : Emissions involved in ozone production : consequences for emission scenariosconsequences for emission scenarios

… 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time (UT)

Anthropogenic emission tracers transport

Tracer 12 Tracer 14Ozone

Coincidence NO Coincidence

From 14:00 TU : Emissions not included in the ozone plume

LOCAL TIME 16:00 UT


Ozone dependance upon precurors Ozone dependance upon precurors (1) Sensitivity(1) Sensitivity

ConditionsConditions

NOx_40

COV_40

COV_40: Local impact

NOx_40: Effect at a larger scale


(2) Identification of VOC (2) Identification of VOC participation in PO3participation in PO3

Precursors involved in ozone productionPrecursors involved in ozone productionIR=∂[O3]/∂[COVi]

Isoprène

A-pinène

AROMATIC2Ethène

CO

Sources Sources ponctuellesponctuelles

Sources Sources surfaciquessurfaciques

COVCOV 22.422.4 51.951.9COCO 218.4218.4 210.2210.2


(3) Exploration of VOC oxidation (3) Exploration of VOC oxidation pathwayspathways

Tracer approach : release of inert species in the chemical scheme in order to follow VOC degradation within the model

• Bring information on the participation of a compound to O3 production

• Not a “destructive approach”

Quantification of ozone production from primary VOC and CO

2D view of areas impacted by VOC and CO oxidation

Comparison of ozone yield from various VOCs


Ozone production rateOzone production rate

NOT CONCERNED BY

EMISSION REDUCTION

PO3 fromeach species

ALKA ALKE

AROM BIO

CO HCHO

=> 3 ppbv/h

How much does each compound participate in

ozone production rates

?


Ozone yieldOzone yield

NOT CONCERNED BY

EMISSION REDUCTION

ALKA ALKE

AROM BIO

CO HCHO

O3 produced from each species

How much does each compound participate in

ozone concentrations ?


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Urban area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas

TRA

CER

OZO

NE

CO

NC

ENTR

ATI

ON

(p

pbv)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ozo

ne c

once

ntra

tions

(ppb

v)

8H

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


TRA

CER

OZO

NE

CO

NC

ENTR

ATI

ON

(p

pbv)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ozo

ne c

once

ntra

tions

(ppb

v)

9H

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


TRA

CER

OZO

NE

CO

NC

ENTR

ATI

ON

(p

pbv)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ozo

ne c

once

ntra

tions

(ppb

v)

10H

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


TRA

CER

OZO

NE

CO

NC

ENTR

ATI

ON

(p

pbv)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ozo

ne c

once

ntra

tions

(ppb

v)

11H

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


TRA

CER

OZO

NE

CO

NC

ENTR

ATI

ON

(p

pbv)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ozo

ne c

once

ntra

tions

(ppb

v)

12H

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


TRA

CER

OZO

NE

CO

NC

ENTR

ATI

ON

(p

pbv)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ozo

ne c

once

ntra

tions

(ppb

v)

13H

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


TRA

CER

OZO

NE

CO

NC

ENTR

ATI

ON

(p

pbv)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ozo

ne c

once

ntra

tions

(ppb

v)

14H

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


TRA

CER

OZO

NE

CO

NC

ENTR

ATI

ON

(p

pbv)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ozo

ne c

once

ntra

tions

(ppb

v)

15H

COALKENESALKANESC2H4BIOGENICSAROMATICSHCHO

Plume transect studyPlume transect study

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Industrial area -----------------------> TRAJECTORY AXIS -----------------------> Rural areas

TRA

CER

OZO

NE

CO

NC

ENTR

ATI

ON

(p

pbv)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ozo

ne c

once

ntra

tions

(ppb

v)

15HPlot of the quantity of O3 formed from each VOC family along the

track for different hours of the day

Total simulated O3 concentration

WIND DIRECTION


(4) Emission scenarios(4) Emission scenarios

2010 (Année cible

réglementaire)

Tendanciel

1999 (Base ESCOMPTE)Pollution de fond

Pointes de

pollution

(Plan de Protection de l’AtmosphèreArrêtés Interpréfectoraux)

Mesures d’urgences en vigueur

2001 (POI Escompte)

2003 (Episode photochimique Août)

Réaliste National

NEC (respect directive)

Réaliste Régional

Mesures d’urgences complémentaires

VolontaristesAnticipées

Sc0 Sc 1, 2 et 3

Sc B Sc A

Sc 4Sc 5


2010 emission scenarios2010 emission scenarios Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3

Most possible scenario

NEC scenario


Regional vs background Regional vs background controlcontrol

Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 (ppbv)(ppbv)

Gradient of impacts

Gradient of impacts

REGIONAL CONTROL OF EMISSIONS

CONTINENTAL CONTROL OF EMISSIONS


To go further : emergency To go further : emergency measuresmeasures

Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 Map of impact (scenario - base case) on O3 (ppbv)(ppbv)

Scenarios = light (reduce car speed) to severe (industrial and traffic control) existing emergency measures

Tests of extended emergency measures

Not necessary to maintain the

EM after 14:00 UT

ozone plume formation and impact of environmental measures in the escompte area

Documents

ozone productionir

ozone concentrations

ozone plume formation

ozone plumelocal time

primary voc

voc degradation

voc family

voc reactivity assessement