owa200003 wcdma radio interface physical layer
TRANSCRIPT
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Internal
WCDMA Radio Interface
Physical Layer
ISSUE 1.0
CHAPTER 1
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The physical layer offers data transport
services to higher layers.
In order to provide the data transport service,
the physical layer is expected to perform the
following functions
Modulation and demodulation
Spreading and despreading
Inner - loop power control
etc.
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References
TS 25.104 UTRA (BS) FDD Radio Transmission and
Reception
TS 25.201 Physical layer-general description
TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of
transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)
TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)
TS 25.308 UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
(HSDPA); Overall description; Stage 2
TR 25.877 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
- Iub/Iur Protocol Aspects
TR 25.858 Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed
Downlink Packet Access
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Upon completion of this course, you will be
able to:
Understand radio interface protocol
Architecture
Understand key technology of UMTS
physical layer
Understand UMTS physical layer
procedures
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Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 Physical layer key technology
Charter 3 Physical Layer Procedures
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UTRAN Protocol Structure
RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Core Network
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iu Iu
Iur
Iub IubIub Iub
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Radio Interface Protocol Structure
L3
control
control
control
control
Logical
Channels
TransportChannels
C-plane signaling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLC
BMC L2/BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
RadioBearers
RRC
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Spreading Technology
Spreading consists of 2 steps Channelization operationwhich transforms data symbols into chips.
Thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal, The number of chips per datasymbol is called the Spreading Factor (SF). The operation is done bymultiplying with OVSF code.
Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal .
Data bit
OVSFcode
Scrambling
code
Chips after
spreading
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Channelization Code
OVSF code is used as channelization code
The channelization codes are uniquely described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is the
spreading factor of the code and k is the code number, 0 k SF-1.
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
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Scrambling Code
Scrambling codeGOLD sequence.
Scrambling code period10ms, or 38400 chips.
The code used for scrambling of the uplink
DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either long or short type,
There are 224 long and 224 short uplink scrambling
codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by
higher layers.
For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 =
262,143 scrambling codes can be generated.
scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used.
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Scrambling
codes for
downlink
physical
channels
Set 0
Set 1
Set 511
Primary
scrambling code 0
Secondaryscrambling code 1
Secondary
scrambling code 15
Primaryscrambling code
51116
Secondaryscrambling code
51116158192 scrambling
codes512 sets
Primary Scrambling Code
A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes are
included in a set.
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Primary Scrambling Code Group
Primaryscramblingcodes fordownlink
physicalchannels
Group 0
Primaryscrambling code 0
Primaryscrambling code
8*63
Primaryscrambling code
63*87512 primary
scrambling codes
Group 1
Group 63
Primaryscrambling code 1
Primary scrambling
code 7
64 primary scramblingcode groups
Each group consists of 8primary scrambling codes
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Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 Physical layer key technology
Charter 3 Physical Layer Procedures
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Chapter 2 Physical layer key technology
Section 1 Physical ChannelStructure and Functions
Section 2 Channel Mapping
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WCDMA radio interface has three kinds of channels
In terms of protocol layer, the WCDMA radio interface has three typesof channel: Physical channel, transport channel and logical channel.
Logical channel: Carrying user services directly. According to the
types of the carried services, it is divided into two types: Control
channel and service channel.
Transport channel: It is the interface of radio interface layer 2 and
physical layer, and is the service provided for MAC layer by the
physical layer. According to whether the information transported is
dedicated information for a user or common information for all users, it
is divided into dedicated channel and common channel.
Physical channel: It is the ultimate embodiment of all kinds of
information when they are transmitted on radio interfaces. Each kind ofchannel which uses dedicated carrier frequency, code (spreading code
and scramble) and carrier phase (I or Q) can be regarded as a physical
channel.
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Control channel
Traffic channel
Dedicated traffic channel DTCH
Common traffic channel CTCH
Broadcast control channel BCCH
Paging control channel PCCH
Dedicate control channel DCCH
Common control channel (CCCH
Logical channel
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Dedicated Channel (DCH)
-The Dedicated Channel (DCH) is an
uplink or downlink channel.
Broadcast channel (BCH)
Forward access channel (FACH)
Paging channel (PCH)Random access channel (RACH)
High-speed downlink shared channel
(HS-DSCH)
Common transport
channel
Dedicated transportchannel
Transport channel
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Physical Channel
A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency,
code (scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or
spreading code) can distinguish the channels.
Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and
each radio frame consists of 15 time slots.
Two types of physical channel:UL and DL
Physical Channel
Frequency, code, phase
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Downlink Physical Channel
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel
(Downlink DPCH)
Downlink Common Physical Channel
Common Control Physical Channel (CCPCH)
Synchronization Channel (SCH)
Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared
Channel (HS-PDSCH)
High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
DownlinkPhysical Channel
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Uplink Physical Channel
Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel
(Uplink DPDCH)
Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel
(Uplink DPCCH)
High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control
Channel (HS-DPCCH)
Uplink Common Physical Channel Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Uplink PhysicalChannel
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Function of physical channel
Node B UE
DPDCH-dedicated physical data channel
DPCCH-dedicated physical control channel
Dedicated channels
Paging channels
PICH-Paging Indicator Channel
S-CCPCH-Secondary common control physical channel
PRACH-Physical random access channel
AICH-Acquisition Indicator Channel
Random access channels
HS-DPCCH-High speed dedicated physical control channel
HS-SCCH-High speed share control channel
HS-PDSCH-High speed physical downlink share channel
High speed downlink share channels
P-CPICH-Primary common pilot channelS-CPICH-Secondary common pilot channel
Cell broadcast channels
P-CCPCH-Primary common control physical channel
SCH- Synchronisation Channel
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Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH)
Used for cell search Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH.
SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chipsof every time slot.
PSC is transmitted repeatedly in eachtime slot.
SSC specifies the scrambling codegroups of the cell.
SSC is chosen from a set of 16different codes of length 256, thereare altogether 64 primary scramblingcode groups.
PrimarySCH
SecondarySCH
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14
acsi,0
pac pac pac
acsi,1 acsi,14
256 chips
2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame
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slot numberScramblingCode Group #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
Group 0 1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16
Group 1 1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10
Group 2 1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 15 12
Group 3 1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 4 6 3 7
Group 4 1 2 16 6 6 11 15 5 12 1 15 12 16 11 2
Group 61 9 10 13 10 11 15 15 9 16 12 14 13 16 14 11
Group 62 9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16
Group 63 9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)
..
2560 chips
acp
Slot # ?P-SCH acp
Slot #?
16 6S-SCHacp
Slot #?
11 Group 2Slot 7, 8, 9
256 chips
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Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Carries pre-defined sequence.
Fixed rate 30Kbps SF=256
Primary CPICH
Uses the fixed channel code: Cch, 256,0
Scrambled by the primary scrambling code
Only one CPICH per cell
Broadcast over the entire cell
The P-CPICH is a phase reference for other physical channels
Pre-defined symbol sequence
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot= 2560 chips, 20 bits
1 radio frame: Tr = 10 ms
P i C C l Ph i l Ch l (PCCPCH)
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Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)
Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code30kbpsCch,256,1
Carry BCH transport channel The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time slot.
STTD transmit diversity may be used
PCCPCH Data
18 bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
1 radio frame: Tf
= 10 ms
256 chips
Tslot
= 2560 chips, 20 bits
SCH
P i I di Ch l (PICH)
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Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
PICH is a fixed-rate (SF=256) physical channel used to carry the Paging Indicators (PI).
PICH is always associated with an S-CCPCH to which a PCH transport channel is mapped.
Frame structure of PICHone frame of length 10ms consists of 300 bits of which 288 bits are used to
carry paging indicators and the remaining 12 bits are not defined.
N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72, or 144.
If a paging indicator in a certain frame is set to 1, it indicates that UEs associated with this paging
indicator should read the corresponding frame of the associated S-CCPCH.
One radio frame (10 ms)
b1b0
288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)
b287 b288 b299
S d C C t l Ph i l Ch l (SCCPCH)
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Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH)
Carry FACH and PCH.
Two kinds of SCCPCH: with or without
TFCI. UTRAN decides if a TFCI should
be transmitted, UE must support TFCI.
Possible rates are the same as that of
downlink DPCH
SF =256 - 4.
FACH and PCH can be mapped to thesame or separate SCCPCHs. Ifmapped to the same S-CCPCH, theycan be mapped to the same fame.
DataN bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
T slot = 2560 chips,
Data
PilotN bitsPilotN bits
TFCITFCI
20*2 k bits (k=0..6)
Ph i l R d A Ch l (PRACH)
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Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
The random-access transmission data consists
of two parts:
One or several preambleseach preamble
is of length 4096chips and consists of 256
repetitions of a signature whose length is
16 chips16 available signatures totally
10 or 20ms message part
Which signature is available and the length
of message part are determined by higher
layer
PRACH T i i St t
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PRACH Transmission Structure
Message partPreamble
4096 chips10 ms (one radio frame)
Preamble Preamble
Message partPreamble
4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)
Preamble Preamble
PRACH A Ti l t St t
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PRACH Access Timeslot Structure
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
5120 chips
radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms
Access slot #0 Random Access Transmission
Access slot #1
Access slot #7
Access slot #14
Random Access Transmission
Random Access Transmission
Random Access TransmissionAccess slot #8
PRACH M St t
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PRACH Message Structure
Pilot
N bits
Slot # 0 Slot # 1 Slot # i Slot # 14
Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2
Pilot
TFCI
N bitsTFCI
Data
Ndata
bitsData
Control
kbits (k=0..3)
A i iti I di t Ch l (AICH)
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Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
Frame structure of AICH
two frames, 20 ms, consists of a repeatedsequence of 15 consecutive AS, each of length 20 symbols(5120 chips).
Each time slot consists of two partsan Acquisition-Indicator (AI) and a
part of duration 1024chips with no transmission.
Acquisition-Indicator AI have 16 kinds of Signature.
CPICH is the phase reference of AICH.
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
a1 a2a0 a31 a32a30 a33 a38 a39
AI part Unused part
20 ms
Uplink Dedicated Ph sical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)
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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)
DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio
frame
DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer
DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1
Each frame is 10ms and consists of 15 time slots, each time
slot consists of 2560 chips
The spreading factor of DPDCH is from 4 to 256
The spreading factor of DPDCH and DPCCH can be different in
the same Layer 1 connection
Each DPCCH time slot consists of Pilot, TFCIFBITPC
Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
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Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Pilot
Npilot
bits
TPCNTPC bits
DataNdatabits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..6)
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
DPDCH
DPCCHFBI
NFBI bitsTFCI
NTFCI bits
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH DPCCH)
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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)
DCH consists of dedicated data and control information.
Control information includesPilotTPCTFCI.
The spreading factor of DCH can be from 512 to 4,and can be
changed during connection
DPDCH and DPCCH is time multiplexed.
Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH
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Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH
One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..7)
Data2
Ndata2 bits
DPDCH
TFCI
NTFCI bits
Pilot
Npilot bitsData1
Ndata1 bits
DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH
TPC
NTPC bits
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS PDSCH)
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High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
Bear service data and layer2 overhead bits mapped from the transportchannel
SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
Tslot= 2560 chips, M*10*2k
bits (k=4)
Data
Ndata1bits
1 subframe: Tf= 2 ms
High Speed Shared Control Channel (HS SCCH)
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High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physicalchannel used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH
transmission
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
Tslot= 2560 chips, 40bits
Data
Ndata1bits
1 subframe: Tf= 2 ms
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS DPCCH )
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High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH )
HS-DPCCH carries information to acknowledge downlink transport
blocks and feedback information to the system for scheduling and link
adaptation of transport block
CQI and ACK/NACK
Physical Channel, Uplink, SF=256, power control
Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #4
HARQ-ACK CQI
One radio frame Tf= 10 ms
One HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)
2Tslot= 5120 chipsTslot= 2560 chips
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Chapter 2 Physical layer key technology
Section 1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions
Section 2 Channel Mapping
Mapping Between Channels
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Mapping Between Channels
Logical channels Transport channels Physical channels
BCCH BCH P-CCPCH
FACH S-CCPCH
PCCH PCH S-CCPCH
CCCH RACH PRACH
FACH S-CCPCH
CTCH FACH S-CCPCH
DCCH, DTCH DCH DPDCH
HS-DSCH HS-PDSCH
RACH, FACH PRACH, S-CCPCH
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Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview
Chapter 2 Physical layer key technology
Charter 3 Physical Layer Procedures
Synchronization Procedure - Cell Search
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Synchronization Procedure - Cell Search
Frame synchronization andcode-group identification
Scrambling-codeidentification
UE uses SSC to find framesynchronization and identify thecode group of the cell found inthe first step
UE determines the primary scramblingcode through correlation over theCPICH with all codes within theidentified group, and then detects theP-CCPCH and reads BCH information
Slot synchronization
UE uses PSC to acquire slotsynchronization to a cell
Synchronization Procedure - Channel Timing Relationship
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Synchronization Procedure Channel Timing Relationship
AICH accessslots
SecondarySCH
PrimarySCH
tS
-CCPCH,k
10 ms
tPICH
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4
P-CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 0 P-CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 1
Any CPICH
k:th S -CCPCH
PICH for k:th S -CCPCH
n:th DPCHtDPCH,n
Random access procedure
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Random access procedureSTART
Choose a RACH sub channel fromavailable ones
Get available signatures
Set Preamble Retrans Max
Set Preamble _ Initial _ Power
Send a preamble
Check the corresponding AI
Increase message part power by p-m based on preamble power
Set physical status to be RACHmessage transmitted Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
Choose a access slot again
Counter> 0
Choose a signature andincrease preamble transmit power
Set physical status to be Nackon AICH received
Get negative AI
No AI
Report the physical status to MAC
END
Get positive AI
The counter of preamble retransmit
Subtract-1, Commanded preamble powerincreased by Power Ramp Step
N
Y
Send the corresponding message part
Random Access Procedure - RACH
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Random Access Procedure RACH
Physical random access procedure1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access
slot set, for the set of available RACH sub-channels within the
given ASC. Randomly select one access slot among the ones
previously determined. If there is no access slot available in the
selected set, randomly select one uplink access slot correspondingto the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC
from the next access slot set. The random function shall be such
that each of the allowed selections is chosen with equal probability
2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures
within the given ASC.3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_
Retrans_ Max
Random Access Procedure - RACH
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Random Access Procedure RACH
4. Set the parameter Commanded Preamble Power toPreamble_Initial_Power
5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot,
signature, and preamble transmission power.
6. If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI +1 nor1)
corresponding to the selected signature is detected in the downlinkaccess slot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot:
A: Select the next available access slot in the set of available
RACH sub-channels within the given ASC;
B: select a signature;
C: Increase the Commanded Preamble Power; D: Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If
the Preamble Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from
step 6. Otherwise exit the physical random access procedure.
Random Access Procedure - RACH
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Random Access Procedure RACH
7. If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to the
selected signature is detected in the downlink access slot
corresponding to the selected uplink access slot, exit the
physical random access procedure Signature
8. If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to the
selected signature is detected , Transmit the random
access message three or four uplink access slots after the
uplink access slot of the last transmitted preamble9. exit the physical random access procedure
Transmit Diversity Mode
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Transmit Diversity Mode
Application of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channel
Physical channel type Open loop mode Closed loop mode
TSTD STTD Mode 1 Mode 2
P-CCPCH applied
SCH applied
S-CCPCH applied
DPCH applied applied applied
PICH applied
HS-PDSCH applied applied
HS-SCCH applied
AICH applied
Transmit Diversity - STTD
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Transmit Diversity STTD
Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity (STTD
4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding
b0 b1 b2 b3
b0 b1 b2 b3
-b2 b3 b0 -b1
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Channel bits
STTD encoded channel bits
for antenna 1 and antenna 2.
Transmit Diversity - TSTD
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Transmit Diversity TSTD
Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH channel.
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
acsi,0
acp
acsi,1
acp
acsi,14
acp
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14
acsi,2
acp
Slot #2
(Tx OFF) (Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)
Closed Loop Mode
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Closed Loop Mode
Transmit Diversity - Closed Loop Mode
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y p
Closed loop mode transmit diversity
Used in DPCH and PDSCH
Channel coding, interleaving and spreading are done as in non-diversity mode. The spread complex valued signal is fed to both TX
antenna branches, and weighted with antenna specific weight
factors w1 and w2.
The weight factors are determined by the UE, and signalled to the
UTRAN access point (=cell transceiver) using the D-bits of the FBIfield of uplink DPCCH.
The calculation of weight factor is the key point of closed loop Tx
diversity.there are two modes with different calculation methods of
weight factor
1mode 1 uses phase adjustmentthe dedicated pilotsymbols of two antennas are different (orthogonal)
2mode 2 uses phase/amplitude adjustment the dedicated
pilot symbols of two antennas are the same.
Summary
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Su a y
This chapter mainly explained:
Uu Interface structure
Different physical channels function and
structure
Summary
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