01 wcdma radio interface physical layer
TRANSCRIPT
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Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Interface Physical Layer
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Foreword
l The physical layer offers data transport services to higher layers.
l The access to these services is through the use of transport channels
via the MAC sub-layer.
l The physical layer is expected to perform the following functions in
order to provide the data transport service, for example: spreading,
modulation and demodulation, despreading, Inner-loop power
control and etc.
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Objectives
l Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
p Outline radio interface protocol Architecture
p Describe key technology of UMTS physical layer
p Describe UMTS physical layer procedures
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Contents
1. Physical Layer Overview
2. Physical Layer Key Technology
3. Physical Layer Procedure
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Contents
1. Physical Layer Overview
2. Physical Layer Key Technology
3. Physical Layer Procedure
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UTRAN Protocol Structure
RNS
RNCRNC
RNS
RNCRNC
Core Network
NodeBNodeB NodeBNodeB NodeBNodeB NodeBNodeB
IuIu IuIu
IurIur
IubIub IubIubIubIub IubIub
UTRAN
User Equipment
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Radio Interface Protocol Structure
L3co
ntro
l
cont
rol
cont
rol
cont
rol
Logical Channels
Transport Channels
C-plane signaling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
DCNtGC
L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLCRLC
Duplication avoidance
UuS boundary
L2/BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
DCNtGC
Radio Bearers
RRC
RLCRLCRLC
RLC
BMC
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Spreading Technology
l Spreading consists of 2 steps
p Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into chips
p Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal
Data bit
OVSF code
Scrambling code
Chips after spreading
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Spreading Technology
l OVSF code is used as channelization code
l The channelization codes are uniquely described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is
the spreading factor of the code and k is the code number, 0 ≤ k ≤ SF-1.
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
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Scrambling Code
l Scrambling code: GOLD sequence.
l Scrambling code period: 10ms ,or 38400 chips.
l The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of
either long or short type, There are 224 long and 224 short uplink
scrambling codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher
layers.
l For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 = 262,143 scrambling
codes can be generated. scrambling codes k = 0, 1, …, 8191 are used.
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Primary Scrambling Code
A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes are included in a set.
Scrambling codes for downlink physical channels
Set 0
Set 1
…
Set 511
Primary scrambling code 0
……
Secondary scrambling code 1
Secondary scrambling code 15
Primary scrambling code
511×16
……
Secondary scrambling code
511×16+15
8192 scrambling
codes512 sets
……
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Primary Scrambling Code Group
Primary scrambling codes for downlink physical channels
Group 0
…
Primary scrambling code 0
……
Primary scrambling code
8*63
……
Primary scrambling code
63*8+7512 primary scrambling
codes
……
Group 1
Group 63
Primary scrambling code 1
Primary scrambling code
15
64 primary scrambling code
groupsEach group consists of 8
primary scrambling codes
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Contents
1. Physical Layer Overview
2. Physical Layer Key Technology
3. Physical Layer Procedure
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Contents
2. Physical Layer Key Technology
2.1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions
2.2 Channel Mapping
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WCDMA Radio Interface Channel Definition
l Logical Channel = information container
p Defined by <What type of information> is transferred
l Transport Channel = characteristics of transmission
p Described by <How> and with <What characteristics> data is
transmitted over the radio interface
l Physical Channel = specification of the information global
content
p providing the real transmission resource, maybe a frequency , a
specific set of codes and phase
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Logical Channel
Control channel
Traffic channelDedicated traffic channel (DTCH)
Common traffic channel (CTCH)
Broadcast control channel (BCCH)
Paging control channel (PCCH)
Dedicate control channel (DCCH)
Common control channel (CCCH)
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Transport Channel
Dedicated Channel (DCH)
-DCH is an uplink or downlink channel
Broadcast channel (BCH)
Forward access channel (FACH)
Paging channel (PCH)
Random access channel (RACH)
High-speed downlink shared channel
(HS-DSCH)
Common transport channel
Dedicated transport channel
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Physical Channel
l A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code
(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
l In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreading
code) can distinguish the channels.
l Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radio
frame consists of 15 time slots.
l Two types of physical channel: UL and DL
Physical Channel
Frequency, Code, Phase
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Downlink Physical Channel
l Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (Downlink DPCH)
l Downlink Common Physical Channel
p Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
p Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
p Synchronization Channel (SCH)
p Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
p Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
p Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
p High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
p High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
Downlink Physical Channel
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Uplink Physical Channel
l Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
p Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel
(Uplink DPDCH)
p Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel
(Uplink DPCCH)
p High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel
(HS-DPCCH)
l Uplink Common Physical Channel
p Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Uplink Physical Channel
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Function of Physical Channel
Node B UE
P-CCPCH-Primary Common Control Physical ChannelSCH- Synchronisation ChannelP-CCPCH-Primary Common Control Physical ChannelSCH- Synchronisation Channel
P-CPICH-Primary Common Pilot ChannelP-CPICH-Primary Common Pilot Channel
Cell Broadcast Channels
DPDCH-Dedicated Physical Data ChannelDPDCH-Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH-Dedicated Physical Control ChannelDPCCH-Dedicated Physical Control Channel
Dedicated Channels
Paging Channels
PICH-Paging Indicator ChannelPICH-Paging Indicator Channel
S-CCPCH-Secondary Common Control Physical ChannelS-CCPCH-Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
PRACH-Physical Random Access ChannelPRACH-Physical Random Access Channel
AICH-Acquisition Indicator ChannelAICH-Acquisition Indicator Channel
Random Access Channels
HS-DPCCH-High Speed Dedicated Physical Control ChannelHS-DPCCH-High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
HS-SCCH-High Speed Share Control Channel HS-SCCH-High Speed Share Control Channel
HS-PDSCH-High Speed Physical Downlink Share ChannelHS-PDSCH-High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel
High Speed Downlink Share Channels
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Synchronization Channels (P-SCH & S-SCH)
l Used for cell search
l Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH
l SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips
of every time slot
l PSC is transmitted repeatedly in each
time slot
l SSC specifies the scrambling code
groups of the cell
Primary SCH
Secondary SCH
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14
acsi,0
pac pac pac
acsi,1 acs
i,14
256 chips2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame
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Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)
slot number Scrambling Code Group #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
Group 0 1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16 Group 1 1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10 Group 2 1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 15 12 Group 3 1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 4 6 3 7 Group 4 1 2 16 6 6 11 15 5 12 1 15 12 16 11 2 …
Group 61 9 10 13 10 11 15 15 9 16 12 14 13 16 14 11 Group 62 9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16 Group 63 9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10
l……..acp
Slot # ?
PP--SCHSCH acp
Slot #?
16 6SS--SCHSCH
acp
Slot #?
11 Group 2Group 2Slot 7, 8, 9Slot 7, 8, 9
256 chips
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Primary Common Pilot Channel (PCPICH)
l Primary CPICH
p Carrying pre-defined sequence
p Fixed channel code: Cch, 256, 0, Fixed rate 30Kbps
p Scrambled by the primary scrambling code
p Broadcast over the entire cell
p A phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH and downlink
DPCH, Only one CPICH per cell
Pre-defined symbol sequence
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot # i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits
1 radio frame: Tr = 10 ms
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Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)
l Carrying BCH transport channel
l Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code (30kbps,Cch, 256, 1)
l The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time
slot
PCCPCH Data18 bits
Slot #0
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
Slot #1 Slot #i
256 chips
Slot #14
T slot = 2560 chips,20 bits
SCH
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Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
l Carrying Paging Indicators (PI)
l Fixed rate (30kbps), SF = 256
l N paging indicators {PI0, …, PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72,
or 144
One radio frame (10 ms)
b1b0
288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)
b287 b288 b299
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Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH)
l Carrying FACH and PCH, SF = 256 - 4
p Pilot: used for demodulation
p TFCI: Transport Format Control Indication, used for describe data format
DataN bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
T slot = 2560 chips,
DataPilot
N bitsPilotN bitsTFCITFCI
20*2 k bits (k=0..6)
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Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
l Carrying uplink signaling and data, consist of two parts:
p One or several preambles: 16 kinds of available preambles
p 10 or 20ms message part
Message partPreamble
4096 chips10 ms (one radio frame)
Preamble Preamble
Message partPreamble
4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)
Preamble Preamble
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PRACH Message Structure
PilotN bits
Slot # 0 Slot # 1 Slot # i Slot # 14
Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2
Pilot
TFCIN bitsTFCI
DataN data bitsData
Control
kbits (k=0..3)
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PRACH Access Timeslot Structure
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
5120 chips
radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms
Access slot #0 Random Access Transmission
Access slot #1
Access slot #7
Access slot #14
Random Access Transmission
Random Access Transmission
Random Access TransmissionAccess slot #8
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Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
l Carrying the Acquisition Indicators (AI), SF = 256
p There are 16 kinds of Signature to generate AI
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
a1 a2a0 a31 a32a30 a33 a38 a39
AI part Unused part
20 ms
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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)
l Uplink DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code division multiplexed
(CDM) within each radio frame
l DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer, the
OVSF code is Cch,SF,SF/4, where SF is from 256 to 4
l DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1, the
OVSF code is Cch,256,0
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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)
l Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
PilotNpilot bits
TPCNTPC bits
DataNdata bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..6)
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
DPDCH
DPCCH FBINFBI bits
TFCINTFCI bits
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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)
l Downlink DPDCH and DPCCH is time division multiplexing
(TDM).
l DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer
l DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1
l The OVSF code is Cch,SF,n, where SF is from 512 to 4, and n is
from 0 to SF-1.
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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)
l Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH (DPDCH+DPCCH)
One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..7)
Data2Ndata2 bits
DPDCH
TFCINTFCI bits
PilotNpilot bits
Data1Ndata1 bits
DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH
TPCNTPC bits
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High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)l Bearing service data and layer2 overhead bits mapped from the
transport channel
l SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
Tslot = 2560 chips, M*10*2k bits (k=4)
DataNdata1 bits
1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
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High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
l Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as modulation scheme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit), transport Block size (6bit),HARQ process number (3bit), redundancy version (3bit), new data indicator (1bit), UE identity (16bit)
l HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
Tslot = 2560 chips, 40 bits
DataNdata1 bits
1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
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High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH )
l Carrying information to acknowledge downlink transport blocks and
feedback information to the system for scheduling and link
adaptation of transport block
p CQI and ACK/NACK
l Physical Channel, Uplink, SF=256
Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #n
One HS-DPCCH subframe ( 2ms )
HARQ
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
CQI
Tslot = 2560 chips 2 × Tslot = 5120 chips
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Contents
2. Physical Layer Key Technology
2.1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions
2.2 Channel Mapping
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Mapping Between ChannelsLogical channels Transport channels Physical channels
BCCH BCH P-CCPCH
FACH S-CCPCH
PCCH PCH S-CCPCH
CCCH RACH PRACH
FACH S-CCPCH
CTCH FACH S-CCPCH
DCCH, DTCH DCH DPDCH
HS-DSCH HS-PDSCH
RACH, FACH PRACH, S-CCPCH
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Contents
1. Physical Layer Overview
2. Physical Layer Key Technology
3. Physical Layer Procedure
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Synchronization Procedure - Cell Search
Frame synchronization & Code Group Identification
Scrambling Code Identification
UE uses SSC to find frame synchronization and identify the code group of the cell found in the first step
UE determines the primary scrambling code through correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the identified group, and then detects the P-CCPCH and reads BCH information。
Slot Synchronization
UE uses PSC to acquire slot synchronization to a cell
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Synchronization Procedure - Channel Timing Relationship
AICH access slots
Secondary SCH
Primary SCH
τ S-CCPCH,k
10 ms
t PICH
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4
P-CCPCH (SFN mod 2 = 0) P-CCPCH (SFN mod 2 = 1)
Any CPICH
K:th S-CCPCH
PICH for k:th S-CCPCH
n:th DPCHτDPCH,n
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Random Access Procedure
START
Choose a RACH sub channel fromavailable ones
Get available signatures
Set Preamble Retrans Max
Set Preamble_Initial_Power
Send a preamble
Check the corresponding AI
Increase message part power by p-m based on preamble power
Set physical status to be RACHmessage transmitted Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
Choose a access slot again
Counter> 0 & Preamble power < maximum allowed power
Choose a signature and increase preamble transmit power
Set physical status to be Nackon AICH received
Get negative AI
No AI
Report the physical status to MAC
END
Get positive AI
The counter of preamble retransmit Subtract 1, Commanded preamble power
increased by Power Ramp Step
N
Y
Send the corresponding message part
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Transmit diversity Mode
l Application of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channel
––applied–AICH
––applied–HS-SCCH
–appliedapplied–HS-PDSCH
––applied–PICH
appliedappliedapplied–DPCH
––applied–S-CCPCH
–––appliedSCH
––applied–P-CCPCH
Mode 2Mode 1STTDTSTD
Closed loop modeOpen loop modePhysical channel type
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Transmit Diversity - STTD
l Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity (STTD)
p 4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding
b0 b1 b2 b3 Antenna 1
Antenna 2Channel bits
STTD encoded channel bitsfor antenna 1 and antenna 2.
b0 b1 b2 b3
-b2 b3 b0 -b1
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Transmit Diversity - TSTD
l Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH
channel
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
i,0
i,1
acsi,14
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14
i,2
acp
Slot #2
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
acp acp
acsacs
acp
acs(Tx OFF)
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Closed Loop Mode
l Used in DPCH and HS-PDSCH
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References
l TS 25.104 UTRA (BS) FDD Radio Transmission and Reception
l TS 25.201 Physical layer-general description
l TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical
channels (FDD)
l TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
l TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
l TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)
l TS 25.308 UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
l TR 25.877 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) - Iub/Iur Protocol Aspects
l TR 25.858 Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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l This course mainly introduces the basic concept, key
technology and procedures of WCDMA physical layer.
l These knowledge is very important for understanding Uu
interface and further study.
Summary
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Thank youwww.huawei.com
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