overview of unicef procurement processes · overview of unicef procurement processes industry...
TRANSCRIPT
Overview of UNICEF Procurement
Processes
Industry Consultation
UNICEF Supply Division
Copenhagen 27th January 2012
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Content
Supply & Procurement Process Overview
Foundations to UNICEF Vaccine Procurement
Tendering Process
Tender Document and Proposals Review
Establishment and Management of LTAs
Summary and where to find additional information
Source: 2012 country forecasts received by UNIICEF
Immunization Supplies
Vaccines BCG , DTP, TT/Td/DT, Measles
containing, OPV, HepB, YF,
DTP-HepB, DTP-HepB/Hib,
DTP/Hib, Hib, MR, Meningitis,
MMR, PCV, RV IPV, etc.
Safe Injection equipment
Cold Chain Equipment
Vaccines Supplies: US$ 955 million 2.47
billion doses 2,105
shipments 2011
Source UNICEF Supply Division
Countries UNICEF
procures on behalf of
Full schedule
Partial schedule
UNICEF procures immunization supplies on behalf of 80-100
countries annually
Major funding flows for Vaccines procured by UNICEF
$0
$100,000,000
$200,000,000
$300,000,000
$400,000,000
$500,000,000
$600,000,000
$700,000,000
$800,000,000
$900,000,000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
PROG PS
GAVI
48%
Procurement
Service
33%
UNICEF
GAVI falls under procurement services but is highlighted separately to show the overall portion of GAVI funded procurement
Source UNICEF Supply Division
Annual
Forecasting
Order
Placement Supplier Airport
Monitoring &
Reporting
Central Cold
Chain Storage District/Regional
Cold Chain Storage
Health
Centre Immunisation
Data
Analysis
Management of
the global forecasting
Exercise
-Forecast data
from 2003
-Provisional Plan
-Forecasting accuracy
reports
Data analysis
for effective supply
Planning
- Sharing
Price information
Vaccine/Device/
Cold chain Procurement
DB from 1997
Shipping management
for on-time delivery
Vaccine Arrival Report
Operational
Follow-ups
Procurement &
Technical guide
Capacity building for in-country logistics
Cold chain weight & volume calculator
Contracts and
suppliers
management
UNICEF Supply Division (Vaccine Center) main roles &
resources in the supply chain
UNICEF
Issues Formal
Tender
and Evaluates
Offers
Procurement Process Overview
Establishment of
Long Term
Arrangements
for supply of
vaccines for
multiple years
2-4
years
Placement of
orders
PO
PO PO
Manufacturer
shipments
Country
inspection
Invoice
payment
Vaccine
Arrival
Report
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Foundations to UNICEF Vaccine
Procurement
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
UNICEF Vaccine Procurement Objectives
Vaccine Security:
Ensure an uninterrupted, sustainable supply of
affordable, quality vaccine
Compliance to UNICEF Vaccine Procurement Principles
Compliance to UNICEF Financial Rules and Regulations
Compliance to Public Procurement Principles
• Integrity
• Competition
• Client Service
• Equal Treatment
• Organizational Objectives
UNICEF Vaccine Procurement Principles
A healthy industry is vital to ensure uninterrupted and sustainable
supply of vaccines
Procurement from multiple suppliers for each vaccine presentation
Procurement from manufacturers in developing countries and
industrialized countries
Paying a price that is affordable to Governments and Donors and a
price that reasonably covers manufacturers minimum
requirements
UNICEF should provide manufacturers with accurate and long-term
forecasts; Manufactures should provide UNICEF with accurate
and long-term production plans
As a public buyer, providing grants to manufacturers is not the most
effective method of obtaining capacity increases
The option to quote tiered pricing should be given to manufacturers -
in accordance with the World Bank classification.
GAVI Vaccine Supply and Procurement Objectives
1. Balance of supply/demand
• Ensure sufficient availability to at least meet total GAVI
demand
• Provide consistent uninterrupted supply to GAVI
countries.
2. Cost of vaccine to GAVI and countries
• Minimize cost per course
• Minimize cost implications
3. Appropriate and innovative vaccines
• Procurement of appropriate, quality vaccines to meet
GAVI country needs
• Foster an environment for innovative vaccines
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Tendering Process
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Establishment of 2-4 year Supply Arrangements for vaccines
included in this round of tenders
• Current Arrangements cover supply through 2012
• Next Arrangements will cover 2013 and beyond
UNICEF establishes “framework arrangements” called Long Term
Arrangements (LTA‟s)
• Purpose: To establish forecasts on quantities to be
produced and quantities to be bought over the LTA duration
• Defines Technical, Quality and Commercial requirements
The Expected Tender Outcome:
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
The tender process
Develop, Issue, Receipt
1. Development of procurement strategy and objectives
2. Demand / Forecast development
3. Development of draft tender document with PRG*
4. Pre-tender meeting with industry
5. Feedback from industry and finalization of tender document
6. Issuance of tender
7. Clarifications
8. Receipt of proposals
*PRG: Procurement Reference Group established for some GAVI supported vaccines
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
The tender process
Evaluation, Award
9. Technical review (by WHO)
10. Quantitative and Qualitative review
11. Clarification meetings/calls with suppliers
12. Evaluation of proposals per Evaluation Criteria & Procurement Objectives
13. Consultation with PRG* and Partners
14. Recommendation of awards based on evaluation
15. UNICEF internal award approval process
16. GAVI approval, and provision, of any financial requirements
17. Information of outcome to PRG
18. Notification of awards to proposers
19. Public posting of awards (www.unicef.org)
20. Debriefing
21. Establishment of Arrangements
*PRG: Procurement Reference Group established for some GAVI supported vaccines
Overview of main 2012 tender activities* for procurement 2013+
*Estimated timelines, may be adjusted
January February March April May June
Second Industry
Consultation (tent)
Tender closing: OPV,
traditional EPI
Issuance: PCV Call
for Offers
Awards: IPV, Hib-
containing for non-
GAVI countries
July August September October NovemberDecember/January
2013
Tender issuance:
Yellow Fever
Tender closing:
Yellow Fever
Awards: Yellow
Fever
Awards: PentavalentAwards:
IPV/Hexavalent (tent)
Tender issuance:
New vaccines for
MICs (tbd)
Tender closing: New
vaccines for MICs
(tbd)
Awards: OPV,
Measles containing,
traditional EPI
Awards: PCVTender issuance:
IPV/Hexavalent (tent)Awards: New
vaccines for MICs
(tbd)
Industry consultation
Finalization of
strategies and tender
issuance: IPV, OPV,
traditional EPI
Tender issuance: Hib-
containing vaccines
for non-GAVI
countries
Tender closing: IPV,
Hib-containing
vaccines for non-
GAVI countries
Tender Issuance:
Pentavalent,
Measles-containing
Tender closing:
Pentavalent,
measles-containing,
PCV
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Consultations with Industry and Partners
Feedback from first Industry Consultation in 2001 was a major
contributor to UNICEF‟s change in procurement strategy
Major changes to procurement approach
• From short term, lowest price to ensuring Vaccine Security
• From single-year to multi-year tenders
• From ITB to RFP
• From one award per vaccine to multiple awards per vaccine
• Establishment of vaccine procurement principles
Continued dialogue with industry through:
• Industry Consultations
• Meetings with current and potential suppliers,
• UNICEF participation in industry meetings
Continue to develop and adjust strategies incorporating feedback
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Tender Methodology
Request for Proposal
Request for Proposal (RFP) vs. Invitation to Bid (ITB)
• The RFP is found most appropriate for tendering for products that
are complex and where the evaluation will be considering various
factors
• The RFP provides manufacturers with the opportunity to develop a
proposal incorporating all factors that are needed for their vaccines
to be produced and sold
• The RFP allows for dialog on different presentation options,
production volumes, timing of production for linked and competing
vaccines
For vaccine tendering, UNICEF is in general opting for:
RFP
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Tender Duration
Single-year vs. Multi-year
Single year: demand is more ad hoc and changing; but not very responsive to manufacture production planning
Multi-year: more appropriate for production planning cycles
But how long?
• Based on feedback from manufacturers
• Balance between bringing stability to the market and keeping the market active/attractive for new entrants
• UNICEF opted for 5-year for OPV (2000-2004), but this had varying results
• OPV tender: 2 years informed by programme characteristics
• Pneumococcal / AMC tender: 15 years
For vaccine tendering, UNICEF has in general opted for:
Single-year tenders: ad hoc needs
Multi-year tenders: EPI vaccines introduced in routine programmes
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Invitee List
Only WHO PQ manufacturers vs. All manufacturers
• UNICEF buys from WHO PQ manufacturers
• UNICEF used to only invite manufacturers of WHO PQ vaccines
• But for multi-year tenders, UNICEF does not want to luck out
potential manufacturers that become WHO PQ during the tender
duration
• UNICEF also wants „new‟ manufacturers to become familiar with
UNICEF procurement process
For vaccine tendering, UNICEF is in general opting for:
Single-year or single delivery tenders: Manufacturers of
WHO PQ vaccines
Multi-year tenders: All manufacturers
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Product Range
Many vaccines in one tender vs. Separate tender for each vaccine
• Many products have linkages- in forecast (eg, DTP and DTP-HepB-Hib
combination vaccines)
• Vaccine tenders are large and terms and conditions- lengthy documents
• Lengthy tender process when establishing 3-year arrangements
• Specific tender objectives and processes for some vaccines
For vaccine tendering, UNICEF is in general opting for:
Separate tender for OPV: Large volumes, changing demand
Separate tender „specials‟: eg, Rabies, Cholera, etc.
10-12: EPI Vaccines in Separate tender
10-12: GAVI funded HepB/Hib in Separate tender
10-12: YF vaccines in Separate tender
10-12: M vaccines in Separate tender
2013+: OPV in Separate tender
2013+: EPI Vaccines in Separate tender
2013+: GAVI funded HepB/Hib in Separate tender
2013+: YF vaccines in Separate tender
2013+: M vaccines in Separate tender
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Closed vs. Public Opening of Proposals
Some manufacturers have requested for additional feedback or
public opening to have better access to information.
Usually we have not conducted Public Openings for RFPs.
As UNICEF is moving towards higher degrees of transparency it
is under consideration to move to Public Opening of Proposals.
To ensure transparency, UNICEF is redesigning the Answering
Sheets to counter the risk that the limited information which is
shared during a Public Opening is misunderstood or misleading.
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Evaluation Criteria Options
Various options to evaluation criteria:
Option a) Lowest price is awarded full offered quantity, then second
lowest, etc, until required quantity is fulfilled.
Option b) Pre-defined weightings of each factor (past on-time delivery
performance, price, delivery schedule, future production plans, VVM,
shelf-life, ability to maintain buffer stock, timeline for emergency
response (packaging), shipping performance, etc.)
Option c) Quantitative and Qualitative review (of above factors) against
Pre-defined procurement objectives and principles.
For vaccine tendering, UNICEF is in general opting for:
Single-year or single-delivery tenders: option (a)
Multi-year tenders: option (c)
Proposals – opportunity to provide innovative proposal
features to help us achieve exceptional results.
UNICEF is inviting proposers to offer alternative terms that bring real
value to the proposer and thereby enable a more attractive offer.
This could be issues such as currency, firm contracting, payment
terms.
Some guidelines on when alternative would be considered by
UNICEF:
Exceptional and considered in cases were the benefit was
substantial and could justify the additional risk/commitment.
UNICEF requirements:
• attractive offer, enabling to meet the tender objectives
• financial and non-financial risk analysis to be conducted
• available mitigation measures
• an identified, informed and consenting funding source
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Currency of proposals – USD and EURO
Background:
Manufacturers have requested the possibility of quoting in EURO.
UN and UNICEF accounts are in USD. With the large value, long durations and multiple transactions associated with vaccine contracts (LTAs) UNICEF has required USD only in the past.
EURO contracts require higher degree of internal funds management, planning and coordination with countries to keep up with effect of currency changes.
UNICEF in response requests:
Proposers are required to quote in USD, but may provide a quote both in USD and EURO.
UNICEF will evaluate the USD FCA price or the EURO price, whatever is in the interest of UNICEF, but UNICEF reserves the right to award in USD only.
If a EURO offer is awarded, the resulting LTA will be in EURO throughout its duration.
Who is eligible for an award?
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Meeting all mandatory requirements, including :
- WHO Pre-Qualified product
- UN Global Marketplace (UNGM) registration
- Financial requirements / Approval by UNICEF supplier
evaluation unit
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
1. In order to allow for the entrance of new manufacturers in the market
UNICEF includes a set of conditions under which award(s) would be
considered after the initial award(s).
2. If the supplier is not WHO pre-qualified for the product offered at time
of tender, their proposal must include a detailed plan on the timeline
to obtain WHO pre-qualification, including:
• Product Development
• Clinical Trials
• National Regulatory Licensing
• File submission to WHO
3. If the manufacturer‟s proposal was deemed of commercial interest to
UNICEF, UNICEF and WHO should be kept informed about the
progress towards the submitted timeline.
What happens when manufacturer gets WHO PQ in the
middle of a UNICEF multi-year tender?
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
4. If the proposed vaccine obtains WHO pre-qualification and upon
confirmation that the mandatory requirements of the RFP are met,
UNICEF considers establishing an awarded/re-allocated quantity to
the manufacturer under one or more of the following conditions:
• UNICEF is facing a monopoly situation or a near-monopoly
situation;
• Lack of performance of current manufacturer(s); or
• Insufficient supply from current manufacturer(s)
5. The quantities considered for award would be those not met under
established contracts or quantities that could be reallocated from
existing arrangements after negotiation with the corresponding
suppliers.
What happens when manufacturer gets WHO PQ in the
middle of a UNICEF multi-year tender?
Post-award Debriefings
“What can we know about our competitor‟s offer?”
• All manufacturers are advised of the outcome of their proposal
• Manufacturers receiving an award are invited to a formal debriefing
• Manufacturers not receiving an award may request a debriefing
• During a debriefing session, the strengths and weakness of the manufacturer‟s proposal may be discussed. Details concerning the evaluation, results of a competitor‟s proposal will not be discussed, other than what is publicly available.
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Public Notification of Awards
UNICEF has standard procedures for publication of awards on website:
• Tender, duration, total value, material(s), supplier name
• This is UNICEF standard procedure (not just immunization)
After awards, all Proposers will receive a letter including the following
information:
• Total vaccine quantity awarded per year per presentation at an
aggregate level
• Number of suppliers awarded per year per vaccine presentation
• Yearly awarded weighted average price (WAP) per vaccine
presentation
• Total contract value awarded to each supplier, with listing of
included vaccines.
Annual awarded weighted average price for each vaccine presentation
will be posted on the UNICEF web-site.
Transparency on vaccine prices and markets
Supporting countries to make informed decisions
As a public procurement agency, recognising the need for increased
transparency
Price Transparency
• Historically, UNICEF has posted weighted average pricing for
current year
• Specific country pricing provided in response to the forecast at
the onset of the year – not named supplier
• Since January 2011 posted all historic pricing contracted under
LTA for 2001-2010
Looking forward: New transparency efforts to be introduced
• Additional pricing information
• Market development and dynamics
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Examples of Controls and Oversight
Internal Oversight
• UNICEF Financial Rules and Regulations
• UNICEF Procurement Procedures
• Ethical Code
• Contracts Review Committee (independent from contracting staff)
• Procurement Training and Certification of contracting staff
External Oversight
• UN External Audit
• UNICEF Internal Audit
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Ensuring equal treatment, no bias and ethics
• Contracting staff are governed by UNICEF Financial Rules and Regulation and procedures related to ethical behaviour
• During the time when a tender is open (from tender issuance to closing) - communication with suppliers is more formal and written, in accordance with tender instructions
• Bids/proposals are received and validated by an independent „Bid Section‟ (QA) and then transferred to Contracting staff
• UNICEF does not accept manufacturers to fund trips, hotels, etc. or gifts
• Business should be conducted during normal working hours
• Meetings should be with minimum two UNICEF staff members
• Suppliers not invited to UNICEF staff offices
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Tender document
and Proposals review
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Overview of Tender Document
5 Main Sections
1. Purpose
• The objectives of the tender
2. Background
• Procurement Principles
• Forecasting Methodologies
• Programmatic background relevant to understand the requirement
• Information highlighting changes or specific points such as; scenarios for vaccines, and USD/EURO description
3. Instruction to proposers
• How to make and submit a proposal
• Information on how UNICEF will handle proposals, including definition of mandatory requirements
• Information on how UNICEF will debrief and share result of tender outcome.
UNICEF
Overview of Tender Document
4. Terms and Conditions (list not exhaustive)
• Mandatory technical requirements WHO Technical Requirements
• Mandatory financial and commercial requirements, such as;
• UNGM registration
• Financial Requirements / Approval by UNICEF Supplier Evaluation Unit
• VVM, Shipping and Packaging Instructions, Primary Containers, ETTMD, Vaccine Arrival Report, weight and volumes, samples
• Commercial Requirements; currency, MFN, Incoterm
• Account Management, past performance, affordable prices, monthly Allocations, Emergency response preparedness
• Special terms and conditions; ethical clauses
• General Terms and Conditions
• Evaluation of proposals and basis for awards
Methodology, process and criteria
UNICEF
Overview of Tender Document
5. Answering sheets
During previous tenders the Answering Sheets have been structured as
follows:
• RFP Proposal form
• Qualitative Proposal sheets – for guidance
• Quantitative Proposal sheets – one for each vaccine, and
alternative offered
• Tender Quantities
• Presentation specific
• Requested information: Quantities, price, currency, commercial
factors, lead time, packaging/weight/volume, VVM
UNICEF is considering to revise the structure of the Answering Sheets in
order to separate Commercial and technical aspects of proposals
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Annexes
• UNICEF General Terms and Conditions
• Shipping Guidelines
• VVM Specifications
• WHO Model Inserts
• UNICEF Supplier Financial Evaluation Form
• Vaccine Arrival Report
Overview of Tender Document
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Proposals from Manufacturers
Manufacturers are invited to submit a comprehensive proposal
• Responsive to forecasted demand quantities for each product presentation
• The type of vaccine being proposed, and specifications
• Unit price per vial and per dose
• Annual and monthly production for first year
• Alternative vaccine presentations/products
• Comply with all MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS
• Comply with the INSTRUCTIONS TO PROPOSERS and information requested
• Provide explanations to any request for exceptions or clarification on the RFP PROPOSAL FORM
UNICEF and WHO will review the proposal.
UNICEF will hold discussions with manufacturers.
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Proposal Evaluation Process
Review of Mandatory Requirements
• WHO Pre-qualification
• Financial Review by UNICEF Supplier Evaluation Unit
(SEU)
• Compliance to UNICEF General Terms and Conditions
Quantitative Review of Proposal
• Products offered, quantities, price, delivery schedule, lead-
times, ability to maintain buffer stock, shelf life, VVM,
volume requirements
Qualitative Review of Proposal
• Proven experience and past performance
• Ability to perform account management / good
communication
• On-time delivery performance
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Technical Review of Proposals
Technical aspects of Proposals are reviewed by WHO
Key areas that WHO review are:
• compliance to mandatory technical requirements
• compliance to preferred technical requirements
• for products not WHO pre-qualified at time of offer, WHO
conducted an assessment of timeline given for pre-
qualification
• other technical issues (Regulatory oversight, etc..)
WHO will also assess timelines for production capacity increases,
where applicable.
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Basis for Awards
The allocation of awards to each supplier will be made in
accordance with the UNICEF Vaccine Procurement Principles
and with the objective of
Ensuring an uninterrupted sustainable supply of affordable, quality
vaccine, meeting the specific tender / market objectives.
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Establishment
and Management of LTAs
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
UNICEF awards Long Term Arrangements
UNICEF issues monthly forecast updates / Manufacturer provides monthly production schedule (12 month period…)
UNICEF places Purchase orders upon receipt of funding for Countries (from 1 week to 6 month in advance)
UNICEF / Manufacturer hold regular meetings
During 4th quarter, UNICEF confirms next year‟s annual forecast projection / Manufacturer confirms production
Vaccine is shipped direct to Countries
via UNICEF Contracted Freight Forwarder
via Manufacturer
Vaccine is inspected upon receipt in country. Vaccine Arrival Report is returned to UNICEF SD
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Procurement Overview
UNICEF Issues Formal Tender and Evaluates Offers
Establishment of Long Term Arrangements for supply of vaccines for 3 years
Purchase Order
Purchase Order
Purchase Order
Purchase Order
Manufacturer Shipment
Manufacturer Shipment
Manufacturer Shipment
Manufacturer Shipment
Country Inspects
Invoice Paid
Invoice Paid
Invoice Paid
Invoice Paid
If there are
disputes on quality,
WHO advice
governs
Country Inspects
Country Inspects
Country Inspects
The continuous changes in both supply and demand creates a
dynamic market that requires continuous monitoring and
management.
Systems are in place to monitor demand against supply and to report regularly both to manufacturers, countries and regional offices.
Rigorous guidelines are applied to ensure the safe delivery of
vaccines and the reporting of condition on arrival through the
Vaccine Arrival Report.
UNICEF can reallocate demand and supply between
Countries and Suppliers, to avert crisis and level out demand
fluctuations
UNICEF‟s Supply Management of Vaccines
~40 Vaccines
> 20
Suppliers
80-100
countries
Global
Partners
Vaccine Shipments
UNICEF Supply Division
• UNICEF contracted Freight Forwards (Kuhn&Nagel and Scan Global
Logistics)
• Use of Electronic Temperature Time Monitoring Devices
• Use of Vaccine Arrival Reports
PO
released
Supplier issues PO
Acknowledgement
Form
Supplier
delivers goods
FCA
FF sends pre-
arrival notification
to consignee
Goods
delivered to
consignee
Supplier provides
documents to FF
Goods are
shipped
Supplier confirms
Delivery date to FF
& UNICEF
PRQ
Agreed
arrival date
with
consignee
5 days 3 days
14 days
Suppliers and Freight Forwarders to collaborate through standard operating
procedures
• Suppliers: suitably packed, labelled, export-cleared goods to be delivered to the
designated airport (FCA - Incoterms 2010) airport on the date specified in the
UNICEF Purchase Order.
• Freight Forwarder: coordinates shipping schedule, obtains airline booking, follows
through international shipment
• UNICEF & consignee: confirm state of goods upon arrival
Shipping organization and responsibilities
Information available on the UNICEF public website
Presentation materials from previous pre-tender meetings are available on this website
Other important information available on this website is as follows.
- Historical annual procurement values and
volumes:
http://www.unicef.org/supply/index_38554.html
- Current Weighted Average Prices:
http://www.unicef.org/supply/index_7991.html
- Vaccine Price Data by suppliers:
http://www.unicef.org/supply/index_57476.html
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Thank you !
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Healthy Market
Different views of assessing the health of each vaccine market
Number of suppliers per
vaccine
Price
Pipeline
Availability vs Demand
Major Dependen-
cies
Supply interruptions
51
Healthy
Market
Example: the HepB Vaccine market
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Shipping Documents
Shipping Documents
a) Invoice
b) Air Waybill
c) Packing list
d) Release Certificate issued by the NRA in country of origin for
each lot supplied
e) Vaccine Arrival Report
f) Any other document specified in the Purchase Order
for example: Summary Protocol, Certificate of Origin,
Certificate stating that vaccines have been produced
according to GMP, Certificate of registration of product in
the country of origin, Quality analysis certificate
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Vaccine Security
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
Availability development of the 4 basic vaccines to
UNICEF
Quantity Offered to UNICEF
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Milli
on
s o
f D
oses
Measles TT DTP BCG
Quantity Offered to UNICEF
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Milli
on
s o
f D
oses
Measles TT DTP BCG
Implementation of the Vaccine Security principles helps
vaccine availability
UNICEF
Type your title in this FOOTER area and in
CAPS
CONTRACTING OF AFFORDABLE VACCINES • Forward commitments
• Healthy vaccine industry - variety of manufacturers from both industrialized and developing
countries
Elements of Vaccine Security
SURE FUTURE FUNDING
• Donors, Countries
• Working with Finance Ministries
ACCURATE, LONG-TERM FORECASTING OF DEMAND • Improve accuracy and length of forecasting (1-3 year plans at country level)
• Manufacturers need to give accurate forecasts as well
• Include buffer stocks