overview of elections

8/14/2019 Overview of Elections

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ELECTIOELECTIOOverviev & Its Conductance In Major NationsOverviev & Its Conductance In Major Nations


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ELECTIONS AND

Generally speaking an ELECTION is adecision-making process by which a population chooses anindividual to hold formal office.The formal office referred here may vary from society blockhead to parliament of a country , from labourer unions toELECTIONS In most democratic political systems are ofdifferent types , corresponding to different layers of publicgovernance or geographical jurisdiction. Some common types of

1.Presidential election

2.General election3.Primary election4.By-election5.Local election

6.Co-option
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_makinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By-electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-optionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-optionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By-electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_making


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ELECTIONS IN MAJOR

NATIONSUnited States OfUnited States OfPolitics of the United States takes placein the framework of a presidential,federal republic where the

President of the United States (thehead of state and head of government),United States Congress, andjudiciary sharefederal powers, and the federal government

1. Federal elections1.1 Presidential elections1.2 Congressional elections

1.2.1 Senate elections1.2.2 House of Representatives elections

2 .State elections3 .Local elections

Levels OfLevels Of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_courtshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereigntyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_courtshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_system


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UNITEDUNITEDThe United Kingdom has five types ofelection: UK general elections,

elections to national/regional parliaments and assemblies, elections tothe European Parliament, local elections and mayoral elections

Elections are traditionally held on Thursdays. General elections do nothave fixed dates, but must be called within five years of the opening ofparliament following the last election. Other elections are held on fixeddates though in the case of the devolved assemblies and parliaments,

Six different electoral systems are

currently used:1.single member plurality system (

First Past the Post),2. multi member plurality system,3. Party list,4.Single Transferable Vote,5. Additional Member System and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_Day_(United_Kingdom)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_member_pluralityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Past_the_Posthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_votinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Transferable_Votehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_Member_Proportionalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_Member_Proportionalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Transferable_Votehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_votinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Past_the_Posthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_member_pluralityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_Day_(United_Kingdom)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom


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Peoples RepublicPeoples RepublicElections in the People's Republic of Chinatake two forms. Direct elections occur for villagecouncils in designated rural areas, and for thelocal People's Congress in all areas. All otherlevels of the People's Congress up to theNational People's Congress, the nationallegislature, are indirectly elected by the People'sCongress of the level immediately below.

Executive positions, including the President, the

Direct elections in the People's Republic of China take two forms:

elections for village leader in selected rural villages and elections for

The directly elected local people's congresses form the foundation tierof the indirectly elected system of people's congresses, each of whichforms the legislature at the corresponding level of government. Each

people's congress then conducts an election for the next higher levelof people's congress, culminating in elections for the national

DirectDirect

IIndirectndirect
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_People's_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_People's_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_People's_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_People's_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_People's_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_China


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JAPAJAPAThe Japanese political system has three types of elections:1.General elections to the House of Representatives heldevery four years (unless the lower house is dissolvedearlier),2.Elections to the House of Councillors held every three

years to choose one-half of its members, and3.Local elections held every four years for offices in

Elections are supervised by election committees at eachadministrative level under the general direction of theCentral Election Administration Committee. The minimum voting agefor persons of both sexes is twenty years; voters must satisfy a three-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Councillorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Election_Administration_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Election_Administration_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Councillorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Councillorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Japan


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PAKISTPAKISTAt the national level, Pakistan elects abicamerallegislature, theParliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly-elected

National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate, whose members are chosen by

elected provincial legislators.

The Prime Minister of Pakistan is elected by the National Assembly. The

President is elected by the Electoral college, which consists of both houses

of Parliament together with the provincial assemblies. In addition to the

national parliament and the provincial assemblies, Pakistan also has more
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan


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ELECTIONSELECTIONS ININ INDIAINDIA

n 2004, Indian elections covered an electorate larger than 670

million peopleover twice that of the next largest, the

European Parliament electionsand declared expenditure has

trebled since 1989 to almost $300 million, using more than 1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_voting_machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_European_Union


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LOKSABHALOKSABHALok Sabha Elections, elect the Prime Minister of India, and are democratic

elections that take place every 5 years, but the election could occur earlier,

if the President of India, dissolves the parliament and calls for new

The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the

Constitution) is the directly electedlower house of thearliament of India. As of 2009 there have been fifteen Lok

Sabhas elected by the people of India. The Constitution limits the

Lok Sabha to a maximum of 552 members, including no more than

20 members representing people from the Union Territories, andtwo members to represent theAnglo-Indian community (if the

resident feels that that community is not adequately
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Indianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Indianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India


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RAJYASABHA

Rajya Sabha members are indirectly elected, and are almost entirely electedby Members of Parliament, while 11 is nominated by the President of India,

PRESIDENTIALThe President of India, is indirectly elected, to a 5 year term, and the

electoral system, is used, where theMember of Parliamentof both the Lok

Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, and the Members of Legislative Assemblies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_India


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VIDHAN SABHA

The Vidhan Sabha also known as Legislative Assembly isthe lower house of state legislature in India. Members of

the Vidhan Sabha are direct representatives of the people of

the particular state as they are directly elected by an

Each Vidhan Sabha is formed for a five year term after

which all seats are up for election. During a

State of Emergency, its term may be extended past five

years or it may be dissolved. It can also be dissolved if amotion of no confidence is passed within it against the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Emergency_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Emergency_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India


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Collected Com iled & Presented b :Collected ,Com iled & Presented b :

Resources:Resources:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

www.indian-

www.electio

elections.yahoo
http://www.election.net/http://www.election.net/

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