overview of drilling operations

8/12/2019 Overview of Drilling Operations

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Section 1

Overview of Drilling

Operations


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PAB 2033 DRILLING ENGINEERING MAY 2013

Learning Objectives

To explain the importance of drilling in exploration,appraisal and development of a field

To understand different well types

To explain the steps involved in drilling and completinga well

To identify major cost elements when drilling a well


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Contents

1.1 Why we drill a well?

1.2 Drilling history

1.3 Field life cycle1.4 Well types; exploration, appraisal, development etc.

1.5 Drilling process

1.6 Drilling economics


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1.1 Why we drill a well?

To gather information- For subsurface evaluation

To produce hydrocarbon

- To get oil and gas

To inject gas or water- Reservoir maintenance

- Gas conservation

To kill a well

- To regain control of a blow out

To get geothermal power- To produce steam for electricity


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When was the first well drilled?- Worldwide

- Malaysia

- PETRONAS

Question1.2


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Worldwide

First commercial well was drilled in USA in 1859 Drilled by Col Edwin L. Drake

Answer1.2

PETRONAS

First well was for Duyong field in August 1980 Drilled by PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd.


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Answer1.2

MalaysiaFirst well was drilled in Malaysia was in 1910 Drilled by Shell in Miri (Canada Hill) aka Grand Old Lady




Appreciate history!



1.3 Field Life Cycle

Wild Cat Appraisal/ Delineation

Acquisition

Exploration

Development

Production

Abandonment

Water/Gas/Combination injection well Production well

Infill well

Work over



1.4 Well Types

Exploration wells

Wild Cat

The first exploration well drilled in a new field with nooffset well information available to obtain data andprove hydrocarbon presence.

Appraisal/ Delineation

The subsequent wells drilled after a wild cat well tofurther assess the field and confirm its commerciality.



1.4 Well Types

Exploration wells

Exploration well is theonly way to prove thathydrocarbon arepresent

Followed by appraisaland development wells



1.4 Well Types

Development wells Oil and/or gas producer

Drilled to produce the hydrocarbon, oil and/or gas

Water injector

Drilled for reservoir pressure maintenance

Gas injector

Drilled for reservoir pressure maintenance or gas conservation(avoid flaring of gas, prohibited under certain environmentalconditions)

Combination wells

Combination of the above e.g. oil producer with gas injector orappraisal development wells



1.4 Well Types

Other wells Geothermal well

Drilled in volcanic areas to inject water and produce steam togenerate electricity

Water wellTo produce water for daily activities or source of mineral water

Drilling cuttings disposal

Use to reinject cutting into formation for disposal




Drilling proposal and Drilling program

Drilling proposal is prepared by the geologist and

reservoir engineer in the operating company- Provides information how the well will be designed and the

drilling program will be prepared.




Drilling proposal and Drilling program

Drilling program is prepared by the Drilling Engineer

- Type of drilling rig

- Proposed location- Hole sizes and depths

- Casing sizes and depths

- Drilling fluid specification

- Directional drilling information

- Well control equipment and procedures

- Bits and hydraulics program




1. Rig up




2. Making hole by drilling

3. Setup the casing

4. Cement the annulus


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5. Repeat steps 2,3 and 4 using smaller drill bit and casing


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6. When reached the target, clean the well.

7. Install the production casing


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Typical well configuration


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Drilling costs in Field Development

It can make up 25-35% of total development costs foroffshore field.

Any delays can give serious impact on the economicfeasibility of the development

Operators are anxious to reduce the lead time to a minimum

One well can cost up to more than $10 millions


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Drilling operations


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Drilling costs in Field DevelopmentCost

($ million)

Platform structure 230

Platform equipment 765

Platform installation 210

Development

drilling

475

Pipeline 225

Onshore facilities 50Miscellaneous 120

Total 2,075

Table 1: Estimated development costs for a field


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Drilling costs estimates Before drilling program is approved it must contain an

estimate of the overall costs involved

In new area, well cost can only be a rough approximation

In most cases, reasonable approximation can be made basedon previous well data available.

Types of drilling costs;

Time-related cost Drilling contract, transport,

accommodation, fuel, power

Depth-related cost Casing, cement, bits,

Fixed cost Wellhead, equipment,

Special/contract cost perforation, etc


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Review

Why we drill a well?

Drilling history

Field life cycle

Well types; exploration, appraisal, development etc.

Drilling process

Drilling economics


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overview of drilling operations

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