overview of ansi and the u.s. standards system
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Overview of ANSI and the U.S. Standards System. Greetings from ANSI President and CEO. Importance of Standards. “The international language of commerce is Standards” Source: Donald L. Evans, Former U.S. Secretary of Commerce, From Standards & Competitiveness: Coordinating for Results. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1
May 30, 2007U.S. – China Symposium on Active Industry Participation in
Standardization
Overview of ANSI and the U.S. Standards System
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Greetings from ANSI President and CEO
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Importance of Standards
“The international language of commerce is Standards”
Source:
Donald L. Evans, Former U.S. Secretary of Commerce,
From Standards & Competitiveness: Coordinating for Results
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WTO/TBT Definitions*
Standard - Document that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for products or related processes and production methods, with which compliance is not mandatory. It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labelling requirements as they apply to a product, process or production method.
Technical Regulations – Document which lays down product characteristics or their related processes and production methods, including the applicable administrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory.
Conformity Assessment (Conformance) – Any procedure used, directly or indirectly, to determine that relevant requirements in technical regulations or standards are fulfilled. (e.g., testing, certification)
*World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, Annex 1http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/17-tbt_e.htm
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WTO/TBT Principles for the Development of International Standards*
Transparency Openness Impartiality and Consensus Effectiveness Coherence Development Dimension
*World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement Second Triennial Review, Annex 4
http://docsonline.wto.org/DDFDocuments/t/G/TBT/9.doc
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The ANSI Federation
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What is ANSI?
ANSI is the “Umbrella Organization” for and coordinator of the U.S. voluntary standards and conformity assessment systems.
Duties and responsibilities include: Develop and promote U.S. policies and positions Accredit SDOs and approve American National Standards (ANS) Accredit certifiers of products, personnel and management systems Provide standards and compliance solutions domestically and
internationally
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A Private- and Public-Sector Partnership Since 1918
ANSI is not a government agency or a standards developerANSI is not a government agency or a standards developer
• Academia • Individuals • Government • Manufacturing • Trade Associations
A Federation A Federation of members representing . . .of members representing . . .
• Professional Societies • Service Organizations • Standards Developers • Consumer and Labor Interests• and many more
What is ANSI?
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ANSI: A Private-Sector Organization
ANSI is an independent not-for-profit (501(c)3) organization.
ANSI does not receive government oversight or subsidization.
Advantages: Public and private sectors
are coequal partners Impartiality Market relevance
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ANSI’s Member-Driven Policy Development
Approach in the U.S.
Approach in many other countries
Standards Users
(e.g. regulators, companies, etc.)
National Standards Body (e.g. ANSI, SAC)
Standards Developers(Including Consortia)
ANSI’s strength comes through
effective representation
of member interests
Other National Standards
Bodies receive authority and
funding through legal mandate
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ANSI’s Member-Driven Policy Development
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ANSI serves as the official U.S. member and sets policy for U.S. participation in several international and regional organizations, including: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Pacific Area Standards Congress (PASC)
ANSI communicates U.S. positions on standards and conformity assessment with its peer organizations around the world. (e.g. Standardization Administration of China, etc.)
ANSI members also engage with foreign counterparts, advocating for the positions of their individual organizations and engaging in sector and issue-specific cooperation. ANSI supports these efforts.
ANSI International Interaction
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The U.S. Standards System
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The U.S. System: Comparisons
Compared with many other countries, the U.S. system…
Emphasizes private-sector solutions to ensure quality and protect Environment, Health and Safety (EHS)
Places a higher degree of confidence in private-sector conformity assessment activities for regulatory and non-regulatory functions
Provides a stronger voice and greater authority to standards users and individual stakeholders
Relies on a strong judicial system, brand-name recognition, open media and corporate social responsibility
Is highly decentralized
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The U.S. System: Benefits
Speed and flexibility – solutions are delivered to market and implemented quickly
Participation – able to accommodate input from a wide spectrum of stakeholders
Efficiency – prevents unnecessary or costly regulation and allows multiple approaches to ensure health, safety, and quality
The U.S. approach facilitates economic development and innovation
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U.S. Regulatory Reliance on Voluntary Standards
U.S. regulators use voluntary standards to offset the need for additional regulations or to enhance existing regulations.
When regulations are necessary, U.S. regulators are required by law to use voluntary standards whenever possible.
When appropriate voluntary standards do not exist, regulators work in partnership with private-sector SDOs to develop suitable standards.
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The U.S. System: A Toolbox
Rather than mandating a “one-size fits all” solution, the U.S. system allows players to find the tools and solutions that best fit their needs.
Approaches, philosophies and positions often vary across industry sectors. Such variations are seen as beneficial and are promoted in the “U.S. Standards Strategy.”
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Standards Used in the U.S.: Different tools for different market needs
National Participation
• Treaty Organizations
• Non-Treaty Organizations
Direct Participation
• Nationally Accepted
• Internationally Accepted
Consortia
Examples
ISO, IEC, ITU, CODEX, etc.
Features Formality in process
One country, one vote
Examples
ASTM International, ASME, SAE, etc.
Features
Direct link between technical experts and SDOs
Examples
SNIA, W3C, IGRS, etc.
FeaturesWide range of processes and
procedures allows flexibility
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Standards Used in the U.S.: Different tools for different market needs
National Participation
• Treaty Organizations
• Non-Treaty Organizations
Direct Participation
• Nationally Accepted
• Internationally Accepted
Consortia
Examples
ISO, IEC, ITU, CODEX, etc.
FeaturesFormality in process
One country, one vote
Examples
ASTM International, ASME, SAE, etc.
Features
Direct link between technical experts and SDOs
Examples
SNIA, W3C, IGRS, etc.
FeaturesWide range of processes and
procedures allows flexibility
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Standards Used in the U.S.:National Participation
Treaty Organizations: U.S. government agencies serve as national bodies. For example: CODEX (U.S. Department of Agriculture) ITU (U.S. Department of State) OECD (U.S. Department of State)
Non-Treaty Organizations: ANSI Serves as national body and coordinates broad spectrum of private-sector input: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
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Standards Used in the U.S.: Different tools for different market needs
National Participation
• Treaty Organizations
• Non-Treaty Organizations
Direct Participation
• Nationally Accepted
• Internationally Accepted
Consortia
Examples
ISO, IEC, ITU, CODEX, etc.
Features
Formality in process through
“one country, one vote” system
Examples
ASTM International, ASME, SAE, etc.
Features
Direct link between technical experts and SDOs
Examples
IGRS, SNIA, W3C, etc.
Features
Wide range of processes and
procedures allows flexibility
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Standards Used in the U.S.:Accredited/Approved Standards
ANSI is responsible for accrediting SDOs and approving standards as “American National Standards.”
National and international SDOs voluntarily choose to receive ANSI accreditation/approval (the U.S. has no legal requirement)
Accreditation and approval do not guarantee U.S. market acceptance; individual users have complete freedom to choose which standards best suit their needs.
ANSI accreditation and approval processes do not evaluate a standard’s technical merit, but only evaluate the process by which a standard was developed.
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Accredited/Approved Standards:ANSI Essential Requirements
Openness Transparency Consensus Due Process Balance
ANSI Accredited Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs)
3-A
AGMA
ASC X9 ASA ACCA
AH&LA AIHA AIAA
ASSE
BHMA
AWWA AWS AWEA
BICSI BOMA BIFMA
CSA
HPS
DISA DASMA EIMA
HFES HI IESNA
IIAR
NCMA
ISEA ISA ISANTA
NCSL NCPDP NECA
NASPO
SIA
NSF NIRMA OLA
SSFI SIA SMA
TMS SPI TCA TOY-TIA
AMCA
AISC
ARI ATIS AA
AITC AISI ALI
ATA
CCPA
ACMI ASIS AIIM
CSAA CAPA CLSI
EASA
ITSDF
EIA ESTA EIA
IEEE IEST IIE
IWCA
NEMA
IPC ISA JCSEE
NFPA NGA NGCMA
OPCC
SPRI
OEOSC OPEI PMMI
SBS SAE SCTE
TAPS TCIA TPI USDA
AAMA
ANS
AAMVA ABMA ABYC
ANLA API ASNT
AMT
CFPMI
NPES AAMI ACDE
CAP CPA CAGI
EOS/ESD
INMM
FCI FMGTEEM
C
12AMA IAF IAAMC
KCMA
NISO
LIA MSS MHI
NIMSNIST/ITL
NPPC
PSA
SMPTE
PCA PWMA PMI
SVIA SAAMI SES
USPRO UL UAMA UAMA
ABMA
ASQ
ACC ACI ADA
ASAE ASB ASCE
AHAM
CGA
ARMA ASTM AIM
CAM-I CEA CSPA
GICC
IAPMO
GEIA GEI HPVA
ICPA ICC ITI
MBC
NSC
NACENAHBR
CNAAMM
NSAA NADCA NERC
RPTIA
SDI
RSTC RVIA RESNA
SJI SSCI TIA
UCC VITA WQA WDMA
AFPA AGA
ASHRAE
ASME
AGRSS ALI
CEMA CTI
HIBCC HL7
NETA I3A
NBBPVI NBFAA
NAESB NALFA
RIA RMA
TCATA CI
WCMA WMMA
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Standards Used in the U.S.: Different tools for different market needs
National Participation
• Treaty Organizations
• Non-Treaty Organizations
Direct Participation
• Nationally Accepted
• Internationally Accepted
Consortia
Examples
ISO, IEC, ITU, CODEX, etc.
FeaturesFormality in process through
“one country, one vote” system
Examples
ASTM International, ASME, SAE, etc.
Features
Direct link between technical experts and SDOs
Examples
SNIA, W3C, IGRS, etc.
FeaturesWide range of processes and
procedures allows flexibility
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Standards Used in the U.S.:Consortia Standards
Consortia consist of groups of like-minded participants who place a priority on developing standards quickly enough to meet market demands or to harmonize or differentiate specifications within an industry.
Hundreds of consortia organizations operate in the global economy. Many have global membership, including both U.S. and Chinese companies.
Consortia usually have a narrow focus, with some only developing a single specification. However, some consortia are very broad and develop a large number of standards (examples: W3C, OASIS, etc.)
Companies often rely on consortia standards in areas where the technology changes rapidly.
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The U.S. Standards System
Private-Sector
Activities Carried out independent of the ANSI
Structure
Standards Developers
Trade Associations
Companies
Consumers
NGOs Academics
OthersGovernment
U.S. Policies and Positions
Government Agencies are members of ANSI and
of SDOs. Agencies participatedirectly in voluntary standards
development and policy setting and use
voluntary standards when it supports their missions
Government
Regulators
CPSC, EPA. FCC, USDA,
etc.
Procurement Agencies
DOD, NASA, USDA, etc.
NIST
NIST coordinates
Federal activities in voluntary
standards
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*Documentary Standards, excluding “national participation models”
Coordinates U.S. System and policy
development
Coordinates USG use & participation
Participates in U.S. policy development
Provides technical input for
standards development
Independently runs
standards development
activities*
Legal metrology
ANSI √Standards Developers
(Including Consortia)
√ √
Companies √ √Government
Agencies(regulators and procurement)
√ √
NIST √ √ √ √
The U.S. Standards System: Who’s Who
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U.S. Standards System
“The Drivers” Companies, Government
Agencies and other Standards Users
“The Vehicle” Standards Developers
(Including Consortia)
“The Road” ANSI
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Questions or Comments?
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Annex 1: Common Acronyms
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Common Acronyms used in the U.S.
ANS- American National Standard ANSI – American National Standards Institute EHS – Environment, Health and Safety IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission ISO – International Standard Organization ITU – International Telecommunications Union NGO – Non-Governmental Organization PASC – Pacific Area Standards Congress S&C – Standards and Conformance SAC – Standardization Administration of China SCATR – Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Technical Regulations SDO – Standards Developing Organization TBT – Technical Barriers to Trade (Agreement under WTO) WTO – World Trade Organization
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Annex 2: Background Slides
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ANSI in Numbers
Revenue $25 million annual budget
Development of Standards 0% ($0.0m) Sale of Publications 50% ($12.5m) Membership Dues and Fees 20% ($5.0m) Accreditation Services 19% ($4.8m) Other 11% ($2.7m) Est. total public sector portion of all of the above 10% ($2.5m)
ISO/IEC Annual Dues $2.1 million Technical Committees of ANSI 0 Number of Standard Developing Organizations (SDOs) accredited by ANSI208 Technical Committees of ANSI’s SDO members 565 Number ANSI Standards Panels 4 Total number of American National Standards published 9,915 Estimated number of voluntary standards published in the U.S. 100,000 Number of voluntary standards referenced in U.S. laws & regulations over 3,000 Number of company interests represented by ANSI 125,000 Number of professionals represented by ANSI 3.5 million Year ANSI was established 1918
Cabinet Departments
DOC ANSI
TA ITANACLA
APLACILAC
APEC/SCSC
ISO
PR
I-N
ad
cap
FQ
S-I
APLMF
BIPM
APMPOIML
IAS
AIH
ASSOs &
Consortia without
ANSI accreditatio
n
TPSCSC-S&TB
IAAC IAF JTC1 IEC
COPANTPAC
Executive OfficeOf the President
US
TR
OM
B
Standards and Conformity Assessment Bodies of the U.S.
International
Regional
Government
Non-Government
Program / Body
L.A
.B
ASQ
ANAB accredited QMS/EMS Certifiers
ANSI accredited
Product Certifiers
ANSI accredited Personnel Certifiers
SDOs with ANSI
accredited procedures
CAPC
USNC
IPC
Board
IECTAGsIEC
TAGs
USNCIEC
TAGsIEC
TAGsIEC
TAGs
USISO
TAGs
ISO/IEC Guides62 / 66(17021)
ISO/IEC Guide
65
ISO/IEC 17024
QMS/EMS Certified Product/Service
Providers
Certified Products
(Processes, Services)
CertifiedPersonnel
ANSs(American National
Standards)
US Private & Government
Sectors:Organizations,Government,Companies,
Trade Associations, Consumers,Educational Institutions,Individuals,
Others
NPC (Accreditation of Certifiers)
Non-ANS Standards
AIC
(Accreditation of Laboratories)
A2
LA
AC
LA
SS
Accredited Laboratories
Tested Products
(Processes, Services)
ITU Sector
Members
ITAC
Policy Technical (Accreditation
of SDOs)
* Institute policy committees& councils
SIM
NIST
S
tate
US&FCS
MAC
MAS
FSIS
Standards Liaison
Laboratories / Metrology
200+ FCS Officers
worldwide including 4 Regional
Standards Attachés
Oth
ers
USDA
APHIS
OIE
DO
E
DO
D
VA
Tre
asu
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DO
L
DO
J
DO
I
HU
D
HH
S
DO
Ed
US
DA
DO
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FD
A
OS
HA
ES
&H
DS
P
Other Agencies
NS
F
US
PS
FC
C
EP
A
NR
C
NA
SA
ITC
GS
A
FTC
CP
SC
TS
P
Recognition (via ISO/IEC 17011)
PASC
Standardization
Accreditation
Other iSDOs
FAS
(Accreditation of Certifiers)
(Accreditation of Laboratories)
(Metrology)
(Standardization
)
(Standardization-Telecom)
(C
ert
ifica
tio
n)
(Test
ing
)
(S
tan
dard
izati
on
)
ANSI Essential
Requirements
ISO/IEC 17025
DH
S
USCO
IPPC
CODEX
WTO
SPS
TBT
FAOInquiry point ICSP
(Members)
ITAC16
US Private Sector
APEC-TEL
Inquiry point
(Standardization-SPS)
ITU
CITEL
LegendPPQ ACICIP
EB
CIP
NSBs
ESOs
Others
Other SDOs
DO
TN
HTS
A
FEM
A
Members
IPRPC
TS
SSD
NVCASE
NVLAP
NCSCI
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The U.S. Conformity Assessment System
International Activities
Domestic Activities
Designating Authorities Accreditors
Testers, Inspectors & Certifiers SDOC
A2LA
FCC(Telecom)
USDA(Food)
ANSI (ANAB)
NIST (NVLAP)
EPA (ENLAP)
UL
Intertek
TUV
John Deere
HP
Includes accredited and non-accredited
bodies
IEC (IECEE, IECx, IECQ)
ISO (CASCO)
Other International Fora
U.S. Positions developed
through ANSI/USNC
IAF
ILAC
Other
ANSI
ABs
Other Generally manufacturers of
high-tech and low-volume products
No “official” U.S.
representative