Overview & International Perspective

EOS Capabilities, Needs, Gaps & Resolutions: 14th October 2014

Presented by Stephen Ward

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Introduction and Overview

Topics• Supply: current and future outlook

• Supply features

• International interfaces

• Data policies

• Domestic coordination

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Meteorological satellites• 1/3 of civil EO systems• GEO and LEO (few countries)

Non-meteorological satellites• 2/3 of civil EO systems• Operational & research (many

countries)Commercial satellites• Pure commercial is rare (PPP etc.)• Major market is defense

Supply: current and future outlook

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Supply: current and future outlook

CEOS Database 2014 Update• Annual update cycle

• Responses received from 27 CEOS agencies

• 23 new mission records added, 117 existing records updated

• 44 new instrument records added, 156 existing records updated

• Currently features operating or planned for launch in the next 15 years:• 267 Earth observing satellite missions• 784 instruments

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Imaging multi-spectral radiome-ters (vis/IR)

Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders

Space environmentHigh resolution optical imagers

Imaging microwave radars

Atmospheric chemistry

Imaging multi-spectral radiometers (passive microwave)

Earth radiation budget radiometers

Precision orbit

Magnetic field

ScatterometersLightning sensors

Ocean colour instrumentsRadar altimeters Lidars Multiple direction/polarisation radiometersGravity instrumentsHyperspectral imagers Cloud profile and rain radars

Instrument Types

Supply: current and future outlook

Source: CEOS EOHandbookhttp://eohandbook.com/

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Historical perspective

Source: A.S. Belward, J.O. Skøien - ISPRS

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Historical perspective

Source: A.S. Belward, J.O. Skøien - ISPRS

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Geographical perspective

Source: A.S. Belward, J.O. Skøien - ISPRS

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Geographical perspective

Source: A.S. Belward, J.O. Skøien - ISPRS

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• Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)• Australia Chair (Alex Held) in 2016• CEO also in 2016-17

• Group on Earth Observations (GEO and GEOSS)• Global Earth Observation System of Systems – satellite

and in situ• Many initiatives, including forests, agriculture, and

water

• Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS)

• Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)• “Essential Climate Variables”

• International Charter on Space and Major Disasters

Coordination Frameworks

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• “The number of satellites launched by civil government and commercial entities is expected to more than double over the next decade”• $35.8B USD in manufacturing revenues

• “The market for commercial EO data was valued at $1.5 billion in 2012.”• Growth slowing to 7%, and consolidation of operators

• Manufacturing revenues rising, but the average cost of a non-Meteorological EO satellite falling

Growth context

Euroconsult, 2013

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• Austerity and budget pressures in North America and Europe squeezing expenditures

• Major programs like Copernicus and NOAA’s meteorological missions face some uncertainty• Increasingly stable

• EO remains a priority for R&D mandated space agencies like NASA, ESA, JAXA• Climate change and environmental monitoring driving

Growth context

Euroconsult, 2013

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• “Overall civil government investment in EO totaled $7.7 billion in 2012”

• “$5.5 billion (71%) of total investment in 2012 was attributed to North America and Europe”

• Russia, India and China all ramping up spending more quickly• Support to national policy interests, autonomy in space

applications, national industry• Lagging, but increasing quality in terms of

ground/spectral/radiometric resolutions, accuracy, and lifespan

Growth context

Euroconsult, 2013

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Atmosphere43%

Land30%

Snow & Ice12%

Ocean12%

Gravity and Magnetic Fields3%

Measurement Categories

Atmosphere, Land, Oceans+ Snow/Ice and Earth Science

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Cloud type, amount and cloud top temperature

17%

Trace gases (excluding ozone)17%

Radiation budget12%

Aerosols12%

Atmospheric Temperature Fields10%

Atmospheric Humidity Fields10%

Cloud particle properties and profile

7%

Liquid water and precipitation rate6%

Ozone6%

Atmospheric Winds4%

Lightning Detection0%

Atmosphere43%

Land30%

Snow & Ice12%

Ocean12%

Gravity and Magnetic Fields3%

Atmospheric Measurements

Clouds, temperature, pressure, gas composition

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Atmosphere43%

Land30%

Snow & Ice12%Ocean

12%Gravity and

Magnetic Fields3%

Land Measurements

Vegetation30%

Multi-purpose imagery (land)28%

Albedo and reflectance21%

Surface temperature (land)9%

Landscape topography8%

Soil moisture4%

Land cover, vegetation, reflectance, topography

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Atmosphere43%

Land30%

Snow & Ice12%

Ocean12%

Gravity and Magnetic Fields

3%

Ocean Measurements

Surface temperature (ocean)21%

Ocean surface winds18%

Multi-purpose imagery (ocean)18%

Ocean topography/currents17%

Ocean colour/biology16%

Ocean wave height and spectrum9%

Ocean Salinity1%

Colour, topography, winds, temperature, sea level

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Example timeline from database.eohandbook.com

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Data policies

• Australia at the mercy of data policy trends

• Mixed bag internationally

• USA – free and open, new Civil EO Plan

• Japan – commercial (at higher resn)

• Europe – free and open, but questions on the data system and politics; Sentinel-2 could change the world

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Australian needs and supply

• CEODA process a welcome, formalised documentation of requirements

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Australian needs and supply

• 2014 CEODA update underway by GA

• Socio-economic benefits (ACIL Allen) and supply risks (Symbios) studies also underway to provide business case arguments for investing in selected EO data streams

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Australian coordination context

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Australian coordination

• Federal coordination budget/staff/interest reduced (SPU/SCO)

• Satellite utilisation policy – terminated trajectory?

• No publication of National EO Infrastructure Plan

• GA/CSIRO/BOM diligent on CEODA update and political arguments

• AEOCCG an active voice and advocate

• Substantial processes and mechanisms exist – including through agencies with operational responsibility and mandate

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Thanks!

Contact:Stephen Ward

mail@stephenward.net