outline sound, audition & pitch perceptionrachtma8/psy214/files/l15.pdf · perception of pitch...
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Sound, Audition �& Pitch Perception
Chapter 11
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Outline
• Function of sound
• Definition of sound
• Physical characteristics of sound (amplitude & frequency)
• Audibility curve
• Timbre
• Structure of the ear
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If a tree falls in the forest and no one is there, does it make a sound?
• Physical definition – pressure changes in the air or other medium
• Perceptual definition – experience we have when we hear
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Sound waves
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Sound waves
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/tralon.html
www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html 11/7/11 5 11/7/11 6
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Measuring sound waves
Physical Signal Percept
Amplitude
(Change in sound pressure)
Loudness
(Perceived amount of energy)
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Amplitude
dB
Measuring sound waves
Frequency
Hz
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Perception of pitch is related to frequency
Measuring Sound Waves
The Physical Signal The Percept
Amplitude Loudness
Frequency Pitch
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Tone height - increase in pitch that happens when frequency is increased
Tone chroma – notes separated by octaves sound the same
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Range of hearing Audibility function
• Loudness is determined by amplitude AND frequency
speech
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Audibility function
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Sound quality: Timbre
440 Hz
880 Hz
1320 Hz
Complex tone (additive synthesis)
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Frequency spectrum
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Stapes
Oval window
Round window
Malleus
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