outline introduction: sustainable development in the context of mineral supply
DESCRIPTION
Promoting sustainability in aggregate supply – a Finnish case study Mika Räisänen and Hannu Idman Geological Survey of Finland. OUTLINE Introduction: Sustainable development in the context of mineral supply Present situation of aggregate production in Finland - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Promoting sustainability in aggregate supply –a Finnish case study
Mika Räisänen and Hannu IdmanGeological Survey of Finland
2Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
OUTLINE
Introduction: Sustainable development in the context of mineral supply
Present situation of aggregate production in Finland
Promoting sustainability in aggregate supply of the Finnish society
Future challenges
3Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Non-extinguishable resources Extinguishableresources
Flow resources: solar, wind, wave, rainwater
Reservoirs: air (oxygen, CO2), oceans (water), geothermal energy
Biological resources: forests, fish, biomass
Reservoirs: fresh water basins, aquifers, fertile soil
Recyclable resources: metals
Recoverable Resources: other minerals, land
Non-renewable and non- recoverable resources: fossil fuels: oil, gas, coalN
on-r
enew
able
res
ourc
esR
enew
able
re
sou
rces
aggregates
NON-RENEWABLE AGGREGATES Data from EuroGeoSurveys
4Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
2005 2030
1
2Economic Growth
Growth of resource use
Growth of env’l impacts
Relative decoupling
Absolute decoupling
Thematic strategy for sustainable management of Natural Resources
• Basic challenge in combining: - growing economy - developing society - sound environment
• Basic question: how can we as geoscientists promote decoupling?
PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY IN MINERAL SUPPLY
5Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Basic features of the geology of Finland
Neogene (Quaternary)Loose Sediments• Derived from Last Glaciation • Moraine, Clay, Sand & Gravel,Peat
Precambrian Crystalline Basement• From Archean to Proterozoic in Age• Granitoids, Schists, Gneisses and Migmatites
PRESENT SITUATION OF AGGREGATE PRODUCTION IN FINLAND
6Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
• Production ca. 100 million tonnes/year
• 18 tonnes/capita
• Based almost entirely on:- sand and gravel deposits- crushed rock
• Use of aggregates concentrated in urban (growth) areas
• 2/3 is used for public applications
• Road construction (50%), building of houses (15 %), asphalt pavements 10 (%), concrete (10 %), and other (15 %)
UTILISATION OF AGGREGATES
7Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Natural resources: cover >> 95% of aggregate productionLeft-over resources: inefficiently used potential
8Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Resulting in . . .
- shortage of accessible natural materials at urban growth areas
- continuous increase in transportation distances
- increase of harmful effects from transportation (costs, emissions, noise, dust, traffic)
- negative effects on construction industry, infrastructure, to functioning of society…..
9Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY IN AGGREGATE SUPPLY
HOW?
1) By developing an accounting system that incorporates- data on natural aggregate resources- data on usage restrictions (e.g. natural protection areas)- data on left-over materials and industrial by-products- monitoring of extraction and utilisation
2) Optimising the usage of left-over materials and super quarries
- the concept of centralised production areas (super quarries) and aggregate terminals
- quality control of aggregate production as a basis for CE-labelled left-over aggregates
- reclamation of quarries and end-use application of quarries (recreational, land fill areas, industrial and housing areas etc.)
10Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
WHO DOES IT?
• Environmental authorities and land use planners- environmental and land use data
• Aggregate companies- yearly information of extracted materials
• Geological Survey of Finland- data on resources- data management and interpretation- accountancy services for users
• good collaboration of stakeholders is needed• legislative modifications also needed
11Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
WHAT THE SYSTEM PRODUCES?• On-line information of aggregate resources and substitute materials (quality, amount, location, usability)• On-line information on construction material flows• A tool for decision-making
HOW CAN IT BE USED?• Via Internet
WHO ARE THE USERS?• Environmental and quarry permit authorities• Land-use planners• Aggregate producers
WHEN IT WILL BE READY?• For the natural aggregates in 2008• The substitute mineral materials to be integrated in following 2-3 years
12Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
FUTURE CHALLENGES
• The system provides an accounting system for natural aggregate resources and their substitutes and the system should be developed towards a comprehensive environmental accounting system that incorporates:
- aggregate resources (natural, substitutes)- utilisation and future consumption predictions
HOWEVER• Methodological development is needed for:
- valuation of aggregate stocks- environmental impacts also in monetary terms- cost analysis of the other environmental values (e.g. scenic values, dust, and noise, eco-efficiency of by-products).
13Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
SUMMARY: VISION OF THE FUTURE
Utilisation of aggregates in Finland 1988 - 2030
1988 1995 2000
2005
Natural aggregatesLeft-over materials (minerals and substitutes)
2010
2020
2030
International research cooperation IGC 2008 Theme sustainable development and environment
14Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Thank you for your attention!