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1Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Promoting sustainability in aggregate supply –a Finnish case study
Mika Räisänen and Hannu IdmanGeological Survey of Finland
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2Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
OUTLINE
Introduction: Sustainable development in the context of mineral supply
Present situation of aggregate production in Finland
Promoting sustainability in aggregate supply of the Finnish society
Future challenges
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3Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Non-extinguishable resources Extinguishableresources
Flow resources: solar, wind, wave, rainwater
Reservoirs: air (oxygen, CO2), oceans (water), geothermal energy
Biological resources: forests, fish, biomass
Reservoirs: fresh water basins, aquifers, fertile soil
Recyclable resources: metals
Recoverable Resources: other minerals, land
Non-renewable and non- recoverable resources: fossil fuels: oil, gas, coalN
on-r
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aggregates
NON-RENEWABLE AGGREGATES Data from EuroGeoSurveys
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4Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
2005 2030
1
2Economic Growth
Growth of resource use
Growth of env’l impacts
Relative decoupling
Absolute decoupling
Thematic strategy for sustainable management of Natural Resources
• Basic challenge in combining: - growing economy - developing society - sound environment
• Basic question: how can we as geoscientists promote decoupling?
PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY IN MINERAL SUPPLY
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5Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Basic features of the geology of Finland
Neogene (Quaternary)Loose Sediments• Derived from Last Glaciation • Moraine, Clay, Sand & Gravel,Peat
Precambrian Crystalline Basement• From Archean to Proterozoic in Age• Granitoids, Schists, Gneisses and Migmatites
PRESENT SITUATION OF AGGREGATE PRODUCTION IN FINLAND
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6Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
• Production ca. 100 million tonnes/year
• 18 tonnes/capita
• Based almost entirely on:- sand and gravel deposits- crushed rock
• Use of aggregates concentrated in urban (growth) areas
• 2/3 is used for public applications
• Road construction (50%), building of houses (15 %), asphalt pavements 10 (%), concrete (10 %), and other (15 %)
UTILISATION OF AGGREGATES
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7Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Natural resources: cover >> 95% of aggregate productionLeft-over resources: inefficiently used potential
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8Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Resulting in . . .
- shortage of accessible natural materials at urban growth areas
- continuous increase in transportation distances
- increase of harmful effects from transportation (costs, emissions, noise, dust, traffic)
- negative effects on construction industry, infrastructure, to functioning of society…..
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9Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY IN AGGREGATE SUPPLY
HOW?
1) By developing an accounting system that incorporates- data on natural aggregate resources- data on usage restrictions (e.g. natural protection areas)- data on left-over materials and industrial by-products- monitoring of extraction and utilisation
2) Optimising the usage of left-over materials and super quarries
- the concept of centralised production areas (super quarries) and aggregate terminals
- quality control of aggregate production as a basis for CE-labelled left-over aggregates
- reclamation of quarries and end-use application of quarries (recreational, land fill areas, industrial and housing areas etc.)
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10Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
WHO DOES IT?
• Environmental authorities and land use planners- environmental and land use data
• Aggregate companies- yearly information of extracted materials
• Geological Survey of Finland- data on resources- data management and interpretation- accountancy services for users
• good collaboration of stakeholders is needed• legislative modifications also needed
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11Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
WHAT THE SYSTEM PRODUCES?• On-line information of aggregate resources and substitute materials (quality, amount, location, usability)• On-line information on construction material flows• A tool for decision-making
HOW CAN IT BE USED?• Via Internet
WHO ARE THE USERS?• Environmental and quarry permit authorities• Land-use planners• Aggregate producers
WHEN IT WILL BE READY?• For the natural aggregates in 2008• The substitute mineral materials to be integrated in following 2-3 years
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12Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
FUTURE CHALLENGES
• The system provides an accounting system for natural aggregate resources and their substitutes and the system should be developed towards a comprehensive environmental accounting system that incorporates:
- aggregate resources (natural, substitutes)- utilisation and future consumption predictions
HOWEVER• Methodological development is needed for:
- valuation of aggregate stocks- environmental impacts also in monetary terms- cost analysis of the other environmental values (e.g. scenic values, dust, and noise, eco-efficiency of by-products).
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13Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
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SUMMARY: VISION OF THE FUTURE
Utilisation of aggregates in Finland 1988 - 2030
1988 1995 2000
2005
Natural aggregatesLeft-over materials (minerals and substitutes)
2010
2020
2030
International research cooperation IGC 2008 Theme sustainable development and environment
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14Sustainable resource management, raw material security........ December 6-7, 2006 in Bruges, Belgium
Thank you for your attention!