Outline• Create your outline from your notes/articles.• Outline formatThesis:

I.A.B.

1.2.

a.b.

II.

Outline ExampleThesis:

I. Summary of popular ideas A. More specific 1. Very Specific 2. B. 1. 2.II. A. 1. 2. B. 1. 2.

Don’t forget this!

Any paper missing Citations or a Works Cited Page will NOT be accepted

Works Cited• The Works Cited page is the place where you list all of the sources

you used in your research paper. • You ONLY list the sources that you actually cited in your paper. • Works are listed in alphabetical order.• As you are listing a source, if you need to drop to another line, you

must indent five spaces. • Indentation looks like this:

****************************************************************************** *************************************************************************

************************************************************************* *******************************************************************************

************************************************************************* *************************************************************************

Smith 12Works Cited

Dickens, Charles. Bleak House. 1852-1853. New York: Penguin,

1985.

---. David Copperfield. 1849-1850. New York: Houghton Mifflin

Company, 1958.

Miller, J. Hillis. Charles Dickens: The World and His Novels.

Bloomington: U of Indiana P, 1958.

Zwerdling, Alex. “Esther Summerson Rehabilitated.” PMLA 88 (May

1973): 429-439.

Works Cited PageMLA Style

http://www.genesee.edu/library/Citation/citation.cfm

Parenthetical Citations

• A parenthetical citation is used to reference your source.

• Parenthetical citations are placed at the end of sentences.

• A PC looks something like this: “When apartheid was instituted, Mandela was ‘stunned and dismayed’” (Gaines 73).

Parenthetical (In-Text) CitationThe MLA style of parenthetical citation includes the author’s last name and page number(s). Parenthetical citations do not include the word "page" or "pages" or the abbreviations "p." or "pp."-- just the page numbers.

Work with One Author

Paraphrase example

Dust plays a larger role in our lives than we realize (Holmes 5).

Direct quotation example

b.) Holmes points out that, “between 1 and 3 billion tons of desert dust fly up into the sky annually” (5).

Author is named here, so does not have to be repeated within parentheses.

Parenthetical (In-Text) Citation

Work with No Author

Cite the first two or three words of the title and capitalize each word of your shortened version. Place the short title within quotation marks if it is an article or chapter, or italicize it if it is a book. Omit the page number if it cannot be specified (e.g., an internet source).

Research has shown that some cats favor one paw over the other (“Is Your Kitty” 22).

Or

Children are raised differently depending on their culture (Six Cultures 63).

TEXT Dachshund 1

Emily Dachshund

Miss Bookmiller

English 12A

31 October 2005

Title

Nelson Mandela is one of South Africa’s greatest

leaders. He dedicated his life to fighting the horrible system of apartheid and

used his leadership tactics to rise above the atrocities imposed on blacks by the

Nationalist Party (the white minority who controlled the government). Nelson

Mandela was both a freedom fighter and a unifier. He played a significant role

in South Africa.

Nelson Mandela used his strong leadership qualities to

fight for freedom in his country. Under the harsh, unfair rules established by

apartheid, “Black South Africans, who made up the majority of the population,

had virtually no power. They were legally oppressed and could not usually

vote” (Gaines 55).

Does the first page of text have a heading?YES

Does the first page of text have a page number?YES

What do you notice about the page number?IT IS FLUSH RIGHTIT IS PRECEEDED BY THE STUDENT’S LAST NAME

What line spacing is used for the text?DOUBLE

What is the last sentence of the introductory paragraph?THESIS

Are there any parenthetical citations?YES

Why does the fact have a parenthetical citation?IT IS A DIRECT QUOTE

TEXTDachshund 2

The Nationalist Party, under the regime of

apartheid, did everything in their power to segregate the blacks

from the whites. While the Nationalist Party was definitely a

minority group in South Africa, they managed to repress the

black population by implementing unfair laws and restrictions.

Essentially, the government’s goal was “to preserve white power

in general – and Afrikaner power in particular” (Gaines 69).

Mandela couldn’t bear to allow this to happen to his people.

The harsh reality of apartheid, if allowed to continue on, would

mean that Mandela and other blacks would have to give up their

“hopes and dreams” (Gaines 71).

What is different between the first and second page of text?NO HEADING

What is similar about the first and second page of text?PAGE NUMBER LOCATION AND FORMATDOUBLE SPACINGPARENTHETICAL CITATIONS

Works CitedWorks Cited

Abraham, Priya. “Building a Democracy: A Decade After Apartheid.” World

Magazine. 17 Apr. 2004, Vol. 19, No. 15, pp. 22+. 1 SIRS. 1 Feb. 2005

<http://sks.sirs.ocm>.

Adams, Mike. “Mandela’s South Africa.” The Baltimore Sun. 4 June 2004. SIRS. 1 Feb.

2005 <http://sks.sirs.com>.

“Constitutional Rights Foundation: Bill of Right in Action.” 2000 June. 26 Jan. 2005

<http://www.crf-usa.org>.

Gaines, Ann Graham. Nelson Mandela and Apartheid in World History. Berkeley Heights:

Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2001.

Handelman, Stephen. “South Africa’s Unfinished Revolution: Revolution Still Rages in ‘New’

South Africa: Next Generation of Leaders Faces Many Challenges.” Toronto Star. 3

Jan. 1998, p. A1. SIRS. 1 Feb. 2005 <http://sks.sirs.com>.

Handley, Antoinette and Jeffrey Herbst. “South Africa: The Perils of Normalcy.” Current History.

1997 May, pp 222-226. SIRS. 1 Feb. 2005 <http://sks.sirs.com>.

Leonard, Terry. “Mandela has a Legacy of Peace.” Kansas City Star. 1 June 1999. SIRS. !

Feb. 2005 <http://sks.sirs.com>.

“Nelson Mandela – Biography.” 29 Apr. 2004. 26 Jan. 2005 <http://www.nobelprize.org>.

“Nelson Mandela: Inaugural Address, May 10, 1994.” 26 Jan. 2005

<http://www.wsu.edu:8080>.

“Nelson Mandela – Nobel Lecture.” 30 June 2003. 26 Jan. 2005

<http://www.nobelprize.org>.

“Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela.” 26 Jan. 2005 <http://www.anc.org.za>.

Tambo, Oliver. “Nelson Mandela, 1965.” 26 Jan. 2005 <http://www.anc.org.za>.

How are the sources listed?ALPHABETICALLY

Do different sources have different citation formats?YES

Do you list EVERY source you looked at during the research process?NO

What sources are listed in the Works Cited?ONLY THE SOURCES THAT ARE REFERENCED IN YOUR PAPER

Is punctuation important?ABSOLUTELY CRUCIAL!

Dachshund 3