outcome: model the structure of nucleic acids. compare and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Outcome: Model the structure of Nucleic acids. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
Warm up:
1. Name the building blocks of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
2. Differentiate the structure of protein.
3. What are the building blocks of enzymes.
4. What are the 3 parts of an amino acid? How many amino acids are there?
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NUCLEIC ACIDS
Used To:
• Store Genetic Info
• Translate Genetic Info
Building Blocks = Nucleotides
Examples: DNA
RNA
Nucleic Acid
Picture:
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Nucleic Acids What are nucleic acids?
The cells information storage molecules
• There are two types of nucleic acids
DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA, ribonucleic acid
• These ‘work together’ to synthesize protein
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DNA
• DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
• Building blocks: nucleotides
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Synthesizing Protein
It carries instructions for building all the proteins
What does DNA do?
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Information in DNA is transcribed into RNA
What does DNA do?
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RNA acts as an intermediary in the protein-making process
What does RNA do?
DNA
RNA
Protein
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What else does RNA do?
RNA then translates the (transcribed) information into the primary structure of proteins
What is the primary structure of proteins?
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Structure What is the structure of nucleic acids?
They are polymers of nucleotides
Phosphate group
What do the nucleotides contain?
Sugar
Nitrogen base
(Deoxyribose)
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Structure of a nucleotide • Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
• A Phosphate group
• One of four of the nitrogen containing bases.
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Nitrogen Bases
Purines
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Pyramidines
Cytosine (C)
Thymine(T)
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What do DNA nucleotides contain?
Each DNA nucleotide has one of the following bases:
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
1 2
3 4
Which one is which?
Match the numbers to the base
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Polymers of nucleotides
Linked into long chains
Called polynucleotides or DNA strands
A sugar-phosphate backbone joins them together
Nucleotide
Bases
Activity: Nucleic Acid Structure
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2 DNA strands form helix
How does this happen?
Via complementary binding
C always binds with G
A always binds with T
(and hydrogen bonding)
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Base Pairing – Chargaff’s Rule Adenine pairs with or is complementary to Thymine
Cytosine pairs with or is complementary to Guanine
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DNA STRUCTURE
•CONNECTED WITH WEAK BONDS
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DNA STRUCTURE
•How many bases?
•How many base pairs?
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WHAT ARE THE SUBUNITS OF DNA?
NUCLEOTIDES
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WHAT ARE THE SUBUNITS OF DNA?
• PHOSPHATE
• DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR
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DNA LOOKS LIKE A LADDER
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BONDS IN DNA
COVALENT BONDS (STRONG)
HYDROGEN BONDS (WEAK)
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RNA, different from DNA
The RNA sugar has 2 OH groups vs 1 in DNA
It has the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) in DNA
(Ribose vs deoxyribose)
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3 Types of RNA
• mRNA – messenger – carries DNA’s message out of the nucleus and to the ribosome.
• rRNA – ribosomal – at the ribosome.
• tRNA – transfer – carries the amino acid and transfers it to the protein chain.