ostracoda from the upper tertiary waccamaw formation of ... · geological survey professional paper...

Ostracoda From the

Upper Tertiary

Waccamaw Formation

Of North Carolina

And South Carolina GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-D

Ostracoda From the

Upper Tertiary

Waccamaw Formation

Of North Carolina

And South Carolina By FREDERICK M. SWAIN

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-D

Descriptions, illustrations, geographic distribution,

stratigraphic ranges, and environmental aspects of

microfossils

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1968

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

William T. Pecora, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402- Price 55 cents (paper cover) ·

CONTENTS

Abstract __________________________________________ _ Introduction ______________________________________ _

Type locality of the Waccamaw Formation ___________ _ Ostracode species of the Waccamaw Formation ________ _ Environmental aspects of Waccamaw ostracode fauna __ _

Page D1 Acknowledgments __________________________________ _

1 Systematic descriptions _____________________________ _ 2 References ________________________________________ _ 2 Index ____________________________________________ _

4

Page

D5 5

32 35

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES 1-7. Ostracoda from the Waccamaw Formation. FIGURE 1. Index map showing localities from which

collections were obtained ______________ _ 2. Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards ________ _ 3. Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards ________ _ 4. Bairdia cf. B. tuberculata Brady __________ _ 5. Bairdia laevicula Edwards _______________ _ 6. Pontocythere cf. P. wilberti (Puri) _________ _ 7. Pontocyth:ere rugipustulosa (Edwards) ______ _ 8. Pontocythere ashermani (Ulrich and Bassler)_ 9. Hemicytherura howei (Puri) ______________ _

10. Cytherura forulata Edwards ______________ _ 11. Cytheropteron yorktownensis (Malkin) ______ _ 12. Actinocythereis exanthemata (Ulrich and Bass-

ler) _________________________________ _

13. Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt)_ 14. N eocaudites triplistriata (Edwards) ________ _ 15. Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler) __

TABLE 1. Ostracode species of the type Waccamaw, Horry County, S.C ___________________ _

[Plat{'3 follow index]

Page

FIGURE

D1 6 6 7 7 9

10 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17

TABLES

Page

I TABLE D3

16. 17. 18.

19. 20. 21.

22. 23. 24. 25.

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Page

Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler)__ D18 Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler)__ 19 Pterygocythereis sp. aff. P. americana (Ulrich

and Bassler) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19

Orion ina vaughani (Ulrich and Bassler)_____ 21 Aurila conradi (Howe and McGuirt)_______ 23 Loxoconcha wilberti Puri and Loxoconcha puri-

subrhomboidea Edwards_________________ 24 Loxoconcha reticularis Edwards____________ 25 Basslerites giganticus Edwards____________ _ 27 Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards)_______ 27 Campylocythere laevissima punctata (Ed-

wards)_______________________________ 28

Campylocythere multipunctata (Edwards)____ 28 Campylocythere laeva Edwards_____________ 29 Bensonocythere whitei (Swain)_____________ 30 M unseyella subminuta (Puri) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 X estoleberis howei PurL___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31

Page.

2. Correlation chart of Waccamaw and related formations in southeastern United States_ D4

III


OSTRACODA FROM THE UPPER TERTIARY WACCAMAW FORMATION OF

NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA

By FREDERICK M. SwAIN

ABSTRACT

The Ostracoda from 10 localities in the Waccamaw Formation are represented by 51 species. Eight species in the present collection are restricted to the 'Vaccamaw deposits. Most of the rest of the species also occur in the closely associated upper Miocene Duplin Marl and upper part of the Yorktown Formation. An ostracode zone, typified by Aurila conradi (Howe and McGuirt) and JJiutilus conjmgosa (Edwards) includes these three stratigraphic units and extends to the Recent.

On the basis of its ostracode and associated molluscan and foraminiferal faunas the 'Vaccamaw Formation of North and South Carolina appears to be of transitional late Miocene to early Pliocene age.

INTRODUCTION

The Waccamaw Formation was named by Dall ( 1892) for exposures along W accan1a w River, Horry County, northern South Carolina. It is as much as about 20 feet thick and consists (Miller, 1912) of unconsolidated gray and buff fine quartz sand that in places is conglomeratic and phosphatic. Shell marls are abundant at certain levels. In North Carolina the Waccama w beds may extend as far north as Hyde County, just south of Albemarle Sound. A molluscan fauna is represented in the Wacca1naw. Gardner (1943, 1948) identified 21 species of Waccamaw pelecypods and 5 of gastropods confined to this formation and indicative, to her, of Pliocene age. Clark and others ( 1912) listed several restricted Waccamaw mollusk species that they believed represented a Pliocene age. A study by DuBar and Howard (1963) also suggests a Pliocene age for the Waccamaw.

As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's project, Atlantic Coast Permeability Distribution Analysis of Sediments, being conducted by the Water Resources Division, outcrop samples from the Waccamaw Formation were collected from five localities in northeastern South Carolina and from five localities in eastern North Carolina (fig. 1) by Philip M. Brown and Thomas G. Gibson. These samples were sent to the

I

0 Lumberto1 ~ "'Q,_

ROBESON I BLADEN

), __ ....- \r-.. J ''---,

) ---NC 2. 3X

COLUMBUS

Acme 0

Lake NC 1~ Waccamaw_/

._--)

,_/

PENDER

BRUNSWICK

N

Cape Fear

0 25 MILES

FIGURE 1.-Index map showing localities from which collections were obtained.

writer for stratigraphic and environmental analysis of their contained Ostracoda. The list of localities is as follows: NC-1. A marl pit 0.25 mile south of Acme E'ertilizer plant at

Acme, Columbus County, N.C. NC-2. A bluff at Neils Eddy Landing on southern bank of Cape

Fear River 1 mile north of Acme. Columbus County, N.C. The fossiliferous bed is 2 feet thick and is 20 feet above the base of the bluff. The bluish-gray sand of the exposure contains mainly Anomia.

K0---3. A small roadcut on the road across Second Branch 1 mile north of Acme, Columbus County, N.C. The exposure is 2 feet thick and is composed of yellow sand containing a great deal of comminuted shell fragments.

Dl

D2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

NC-4. A marl pit 0.5 mile north o.f Old Dock, Columbus County, N.C. The exposure consists of very coarse quartz sand in which macrofossils are common.

NC-5. Pierce Brothers quarry 8 miles southwest of Wilmington, Brunswick County, N.C. The material is coarse sand and contains numerous macrofossil:-;, including A.nadara, Fen us, and Bu8ycon.

SC-1. Parkers Landing, north bank of Waccamaw River, on Nixonville. S.C .. 15-minute quadrangle ; outcrop is due south of bench mark 38 on South Carolina Highway 905, 33°53' 55" N., 78°52'00" ,V.; SC-1 is from a brown shelly sand 4 feet above river len"l; SC-1B is from a slightly indurated layer exposed at river level.

SC-2. Near Mount Calvary Church, S. 100 E. of benc·h mark 48 on South Carolina Highway 905, north bank of Waccamaw River, Nixonville, S.C .. 15~minute quadrangle, 33°53'53·" N., 78°52'47" W.; samples are from units 4 and 5 of DuBar's (1963) measured section, which is incorrectly located at Parkers Landing.

SC-3. About 3.1 miles south of city limi<ts of Windy Hill Beach, Xixonville, S.C., 15-minute quadrangle, N. 45° ID. of bench mark 48 on U.S. Highway 17, on south bank of Intracoastal 'Vaterway. 33°46'52" N., 78°47'27" ·w.; about 3 feet of Waccamaw exposed above water level; Cretaceous material occurs here as spoil from dredging of waterway.

SC-4. Approximately 0.2 mile downstream from Tilly Lake, Waccamaw River on Nixonville, S.C., 1~minute quadrangle, south bank of river, 33°49'34" N .. 78°54'52" W .. Waccamaw Formation. light-gray shelly sand overlies dark-blue Cretaceous clay; represents DuBar's unit 1 at his locality WA-18 (1963).

SC-5. Approximately 0.1 mile downstream from Tilly Lake, near preceding locality.

Several specimens for the Duplin Marl, upper Miocene, at Walkers Bluff, 9 miles below El,izabethtown, N.C., on Cape Fear River, and from the Pleistocene at Longs, S.C.~ collected by T. G. Gibson, are also illustrated herein £or comparative purposes.

TYPE LOCALITY OF THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

Locality SC-4 is here taken to be the type locality o£ theW accama.w Formation. This locality was considered by DuBar and Howard (1963) to be representative o£ the Waccamaw and to occur in the type area o£ the £ormation. The section at this locality, modified after DuBar, is as follows:

Pleistocene : Sand, brown, gray and orange, silty, micaceous, and

Feet

clay; unfossiliferous____________________________ 13.4

Unconfor:mity

Waccamaw Formation (lower Pliocene to upper Miocene) : 2. Sand, calcareous, quartz, medium, subrounded,

fairly well consolidated, fairly well sorted, lightgray (N7) ; fossils ablmdant, well-preserved, size-sorted ( ? ) , no apparent preferred orienta-tion ---------------------------------------- 7.0

1. Sand, calcareous, quartz, fine to medium, silty, unconsolidated, fairly well sorted, medium-bluegray (5B, 5/Y) ; contains lumps of Peedee (Cretaceous) argillaceous sand reworked from below

and small caliche nodules. Fossils abundant, well-preserved, size-sorted(?) ; most are small but not worn ; some specimens of reworked Exogyra sp__________________________________ 2.0

DuBar and Howard noted ( 1963, p. 34) that at least 19 feet o£ sediments resmnbling the Waccamaw was penetrated in an auger hole near the above section before the Cretaceous Peedee Formation was reached.

OSTRACODE SPECIES OF THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

The species o£ Ostracoda identified in the present collections £rom the Waccamaw Formation and their geologic ranges are listed in table 1. Eight o£ the 51 Waccamaw species occur only in that £ormation or in Quaternary faunas o£ the area, but do not oceur in the geographically associated upper Miocene Duplin Marl and Yorktown Formation. Twenty-three o£ the species occur only in the Waceamaw and in ~the Duplin and Yorktown Formations or older deposits but not in the Quaternary faunas o£ the area. The close similarity o£ the Waccamaw ostracode assemblages to those o£ the upper Miocene Yorktown (upper part) and Duplin Formations o£ the Middle Atlantic region and the Choctawhatchee Formation ( o£ former usage) o£ Florida (Puri, 1954) suggests that the Waccamaw is nearly the same age as those formations.

The evidence o£ the age o£ the Waccamaw beds, based on the ostracodes and associated mollusks studied by others, is not conclusive but points toward a transitional late Miocene to early Pliocene age £or the £ormation (table 2).

Unpublished studies by the writer on other Miocene ostracode faunas o£ the Middle Atlantic States show that the pre-upper Yorktown Miocene o£ the region is characterized by j]f1J/rrayina ho1Dei Puri and j]f. gunteri (Howe and Chambers).

Cushman ( 1918) studied the Foraminifera £rom the Waccamaw Formation on Wacca1naw River, S.C., and from two localities in North Carolina. Considering only the species he recorded £rom the South Carolina locality, which presumably are definitely from the vV accama "\V

Formation, Cushman identified 15 species. 0£ these he. also recorded seven in the Miocene o£ the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Most o£ the other Waccamaw species were, at the time Cushman wrote, also recorded £rom the later Tertiary and Recent. Only one new species and a possibly distinct subspecies were restricted by Cushman to the Waecamaw o£ the Waccamaw River locality. The Foraminifera, like the Ostracoda, show a dose relationship to the late Miocene o£ the region and suggest that the Waccamaw Formation is only slightly, i£ at all, younger than the upper Miocene Duplin Marl and Yorktown Formation o£ North Carolina and Virginia.

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION

TABLE I.-Ostracode species of the type Waccamaw, Horry County, S.C.

Species

Actinocythereis exanthemata (Ulrich and Bassler)________________________ ~<

Aurna conradi conradi (Howe and McGuirt) ___________________________ X Aurila laevicula (Edwardf') _________________________________________ _ Bairdia laevicula Edwards___________________________________________ X Bairdia cf. B. tuberculata Brady _____________________________________ _ Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards____________________________________ X Basslerites gigantic us Edwards ______________________________________ - X Bythocypris wicomicoensis Swain_____________________________________ X Campylocythere laeva Edwards_______________________________________ X Campylocythere laevissirna (Edwards)_________________________________ X Caudites sellardsi (Howe and Neill) ___________________________________ X

PreDuplin

Cauddes? sp_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ X? Clttocytheret·s? rnundorffi (Swain) _____________________________________ X Cytheretta cf. C. calhounenst·s Smith ___________________________________ X Cytheromorpha curta (Edwards)______________________________________ X Cytheropteron choctawhatcheensis PurL___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ X Cytheropteron yorktoumensis Malkin __________________________________ _ Cytherura cf. C. costata Muller ______________________________________ _ Cythenaa elongata Edwards_________________________________________ X Cytherura forulata Edwards__________________________________________ X Eucyther ura sp ____________________________________________________ _ Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt)__________________________ X Haplocytheridea aff. H. blanpiedi (Stephenson) ________________________ _ H aplocytheridea bradyi (Stephenson)__________________________________ X? H a plocytheridea seti p unctata (Brady) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ X He rnicytherura howei (Puri) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ X J onesia howei (Puri) __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ X Bensonocythere whitei (Swain)________________________________________ X Loxoconcha purisubrhornbo1:dea Edwards_______________________________ X Loxoconcha reticularis Edwards_______________________________________ X Loxoconcha wilberti PurL _________________________________________ --- X Loxocornic ul u m sp _________________________________________________ _ JYI unseyella subminuta (Puri) ______________________________________ --- X? Afuellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler)___________________________ X Afurrayina? sp ____________________________________________________ _ JMutilus confragosa (Edwards) ____________________________________ --- X? Neocaudites triplistriata (Edwards) ________________________________ --- X Occultoc ythereis sp _________________________________________________ _ Orionina vaughani (Ulrich and Bassler)_______________________________ X Paracytheridea cf. P. vandenboldi PurL ________________________________ X Pontocythere ashennani (Ulrich and Bassler)___________________________ X Pontocythere cf. P. rugipustulosa (Edwards)____________________________ X Pontocythere cf. P. wilberti (Puri) _____________________________________ X Pteroloxa? sp _______________________ -------------------------------Pterygocythereis sp. aff. P. americana (Ulrich and Bassler)_______________ X Puriana mesicostalis (Edwards) ____________________________________ --Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler) ________________________ ----- X X enocythere? sp ___________________________________________ - ___ -----X estoleberis choctawhatcheensis PurL _____________________ -_-_--------- X X estoleberis howei PurL ____________________________________ - ___ ----- X X iphichilus sp __________________________________________ --- __ ------

Duplin

X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X

X

X? X X X X X X X

X? X

X X

X X X X X

X X X

X X

D3

vV accamaw Post-

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X? X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Waccamaw

X X

><

X X X

X

>< X X? X

X X

X X X

X?

X

X?

>~ X X?

X

v


TABLE 2.-Correlation chart of Waccamaw and related formations in southeastern United States

[Slightly modified after Cooke and others (1943).]

Series Subdivision North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida --

Upper Caloosahatchee Formation (southern Pliocene Croatan Waccamaw Charlton Florida)

Lower sand Formation Formation Buckingham Marl (southern Florida) (of former usage)

----

l\iiocene Upper Duplin Marl Duplin Marl Choctawhatchee Formation

Yorktown Raysor Marl Duplin Marl (western Florida) Formation (of former usage)

I I (of former usage)

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF WACCAMAW OSTRACODE FAUNA

The following species that occur in the Waccamaw Formation in the present collection were identified by Puri ( 1960) from Recent localities off the Florida coast

' but were not recorded from nearshore localities ar from bays:

B airdia cf. B. tuberculata Brady M utilus confragosa (Edwards)

The following species of the Waccamaw Formation were cited by Benson and Coleman ( 1963) as characteristic of waters deeper than 50 feet off southeastern Florida:

B airdoppilata triangulata Edwards Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt) Pontocythere asherrnani (Ulrich and Bassler) Pterygocythereis sp. aff. P. americana (Ulrich and

Bassler) All the Waccamaw localities studied herein yielded

one or more of these species. In terms of numbers of specimens, however, the Acme and Neils Eddy Bluff localities, which were relatively farther downbasin than the South Carolina localities, yielded more abundant Mtttilus confragosa. There is also a slight tendency for PontJocythere asherm,ani to be more abundant at the downbasin localities.

Among the species that Benson and Coleman cited as typically living in water less than 50 feet deep, H aplocytheridea brady l (Stephenson) , Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler), and Oampylocythere laevissima (Ed wards) occur in the Waccamaw.

A study by Hulings and Puri ( 1965) of ostracode assemblages from the west coast of Florida provides a comparison with some of the Waccamaw material.

T~1e following species were found by Hulings and Purl to prefer sand-mud substrate: H aplocytheridea bradyi (Stephenson) and Pu,riana J•ugipunctata (lTlrich and Bassler) .

A preference for clean sand substrate was shown by Oampylocythere laevissima (Edwards). That species, together with Aurila conradi (Howe and McGuirt) and

Pontocythere ashermani, were found by Hulings and Puri to be typical of water less than 65 feet deep and of more than 30%0 (parts per thousand) salinity.

The following species of the Waccamaw were observed by Hulings and Puri to represent salinities slightly lower than the preceding assemblage and to prefer sand-mud substrate: Actinocythereis exanthe1nata (Ul~ rich and Bassler), H aplocytheridea setipunctata (Brady), and Oytherura elongata Edwards. Many of the other Recent species of marginal salinity do not occur in the Waccamaw, and a Recent assemblage of still lower salinity does not contain any Waccamaw species.

Comparison of the Waccamaw specieB with those from a modern Texas bay (Swain, 1955) shows the following relationships:

H aplocytheridea bradyi (Stephenson) occurs principally in the lower lagoonal part of San Antonio Bay, Tex., behind a barrier beach, in water about 5 feet deep; chlorinity range is 6.5 to 21%0 , pH 7.35, Eh +202 mv (millivolts).

Pontocythere sp. aff. P. Tnayeri (Howe and Garrett) of San Antonio Bay is close to P. rugipttstulosa (Edwards) of the present collection and occurs in the lower estuarine part of the Texas bay.

Paracytheridea vandenboldi Puri is represented in San Antonio Bay in the lower part of the lagoon in the same area with H aplocytheridea b1·adyi; it occurs in the intermediate localities in the Waccamaw.

Actinocythereis exanthemata Ulrich and Bassler has a close relative in San Antonio Bay which is concentrated in the lower part of the bay.

Loxoconcha cf. L. australis Brady, rare in the middle part of San Antonio Bay, closely resembles L. wilberti Puri of the Waccamaw at Acme, N.C. Loxoconcha matagorden.<sis Swain of lower San Antonio Bay closely resembles L. purisubrhonuboidea Edwards of some of the Waccamaw loealities.

A'ltrila conradi (Howe and McGuirt) is abundant in lower San Antonio Bay and is present at nearly all the Waccamaw localities studied.

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION D5

Oytherom.orpha curta of the present collection is closely si1nilar to 0. pascagoulensis Mincher, a typical bay species. Furthermore, 0. mtrta is living in Pamlico Sotmd.

Oytherura elongata Edwards of general distribution in San Antonio Bay also has general distribution in the Waccamaw.

The data suggest that the Waccamaw Ostracoda include species characteristic of an open shelf, as well as those of an indented coastline. The shallow-water biofacies is represented by most of the Waccamaw species, but in particular by Oytheromorpha cnrta, H aplocytheridea bradyi, Oampylocythere laevissima, and Prttriana Tugipunctata. Other species which generally indicate a baylike environment that are common in the Waccamaw are Oytlwrura elongata Edwards, 0. forulata Edwards and Lomoconcha JYU.ris1.tbrlwmboidea Edwards.

The deeper water, probably inner neritic biofacies, is represented by greater frequency of lJ[u,tilu.s confragosa, Pontocythere ashermani, Ba/rdoppilata triangttlata, Echinocythe~·eis garre#i, and perhaps Pterygocythereis sp. aff. P. ameriaar1a.

There is little evidence for a low-salinity brackish water or estuarine facies of the Waccamaw. The merging-assemblage character of the Waccamaw ostracodes suggests that insufficient time was available or that offshore slopes were too steep for barrier beaches to become well formed in theW accama w area.

With regard to the environn1ental aspects of theW accamaw Foraminifera from the locality on Waccan1aw River, compared to those from the Caloosahatchee Formation of Florida, of similar age, Cushman (1918, p. 5) states:

A comparison of the faunas shows marked differences in the conditions under which the two formations were deposited. Although the lots of material from the ·waccamaw formation are not so rich as those from the Caloosahatchee marl, they nevertheless contain enough species clearly to show that the Waccamaw was laid down under conditions very dissimilar to those of the Caloosahatchee at its type locality. Nearly all the species in all the material are identical with those found at the present time along our Atlantic coast, but those from the Waccamaw formation of North and South Carolina and also some of those from Shell Creek, Fla., are much more similar to the material now found north of Cape Hatteras, while the Caloosahatchee River material represents a typically tropical shoal-water fauna such as may be found about southern Flord.da and in shallow water about the ·west Indies.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thomas G. Gibson collected the North Carolina samples and separated ostracode specimens from matrix. Philip M. Brmvn collected the South Carolina samples and provided advice as to the stratigraphic relationships of the Waccamaw Formation. Frederick J. Gun-

266-183 0-67--:.?

ther and June M. Gilby assisted in preparing the illustrations. Appreciation is expressed to these individuals.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

The illustrated specimens will be deposited in the U.S. National !1usemn. Some of the photographs of specimens were slightly retouched. In this paper the following abundance designations are used : very abundant, 50 or more specimens; abundant, 25-49 specimens; conlmon, 10-24 specimens; frequent, 5-9 specimens; rare, 1-4 specimens.

Family BAIRDIIDAE Sars, 1888

Genus BYTHOCYPRIS Brady, 1880

Distinguished by its elongate-reniform shape, low convexity, rounded extremities, smooth surface, ridgeand-groove hinge, larger LV (le.ft valve) than RV (right valve), broad inner lamellae, narrow zone of concreseence, short radial canals, and compact group of 1nusele-scar spots. Lower Ordovician to Recent.

Type spedes.-B. renifortnis Brady, Recent.

Bythocypris wicomicoensis Swain

Plate 1, figures 1a, b

Bythoaypris? wicomicoensis Swain, 1948, Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines, and 'Vater Resources Bull. 2, p. 191, pl. 12, fig. 1. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 23-±A, p. 17, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5.

Dia.gnosis.-Elongate, subtriangular-subreniform in outline, highest medially; anterior rounded, posterior narrowly curved; venter slightly concave; LV slightly larger; surface s1nooth.

Hinge, as viewed by transmitted light in one specimen, consists of a groove on LV, lying on both flanks of apex of valve, into which fits edge of RV; 1nuscle scar lies slightly posterior to midlength and consists of a group of three or four spots ventral to 'vhich lie one or 1nore additional spots; zone of concrescence narrow; radial e.anals numerous, short, and closely spaced terminally; inner lame1lae not clearly seen but apparently are broad both terminally and ventrally.

Length of figured specimen 0.70 mm, height 0.35 mm, eonvexity 0.20 mm.

Retn.arks.-Bythocypris hmoei Puri from the Choctawhatehee Formation (of former usage) of Florida is a closely similar if not identical species, but is apparently not quite as elongate as B. 1.oicmnicoensiB.

Oacurrenae.-ln the Waccamaw Formation the species is rare at locality NC-1, Acme, N.C. (upper zone), and frmn loealities SC-3 and SC-4, Horry County, S.C.; previously described from the subsurface Miocene (Calvert Formation) of Maryland (Swain, 1948)


and questionably from the subsurface middle Eocene of Maryland (Swain, 1952).

Specimens studied.-Three. Fig·nred speci:nwn.-lTSNM 649865.

Genus BAIRDOPPILATA Coryell, Sample, and Jennings, 1935

Resembles B airdia but on anterior and posterior dorsal slopes in selvage area of each valve are small transverse ridges and grooves. Lower Cretaceous to Tertiary Type species.-B. 1nartyni Coryell, Sample, and Jennings, Upper Cretaceous.

Although it is considered to be a synonym of B airdia by van Morkoven ( 1963), it forn1s a useful stratigraphic taxon and the present writer favors retaining it.

Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards

Plate 1, figures 2a, b ; text figures 2, 3

Bairdoppilata triangttlata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 507, pl. 85, figs. 5, 6. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 223, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4 ; text figs. 1a, b.

Diagnosis.-Subtriangular, highest medially, ante1~ior extended medially, rounded below; posterior bluntly angulated, extended below; venter straightened medially; greatest convexity median; LV with strong middorsal and mid ventral overlap; surface sparsely and faintly pitted. Internal structures are as shown in text figures 2 and 3 ; radial canals not observed; tenninodorsal marginal denticulations seen on LV but not on RV.

FIGURE 2.-Bairdoppilata triangttlata Edwards. Interior of right valve; locality NC-1.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 1, fig. 2a) 0.78 mm, height 0.45 mm, convexity 0.33 1nm.

Re1narlt~s.-N o separated valves were found in the Wacca1na w collections, but the external form of the specimens is typical for the species.

Occurrence.-In the Waeeamaw Formation at locality NC-1, Columbus County, N.C. (upper zone), and at localities SC-2 and SC-3, Horry County, S.C.; also fron1 the Duplin Marl and the upper and middle parts of the Yorktown Formation, upper Miocene of

FIGURE 3.-Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards. Interior of left valve; locality NC-1

North Carolina (Edwards, 1944). Specimens st1.tdied.-Seven. F·ig1.tred spechnens.-USNM 649866, 650006, 650007.

Genus BAIRDIA McCoy, 1844

Nesidea Costa, 1849, Accademia pontaniana, Naples, Atti, Y. 5, p. 183.

JJiorrisitina Gibson, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, p. 1069, [(pro JJiorri.sites, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 35, p. 21 not Buckman, 1921) ] .

Acratinella, Schneider, 1956, in Mandelstam and others, Material of Paleont., new ser., v. 12, VSEGEI, Geol. lust .. Min. Geol. Moscow, p. 92.

Characterized by elongate fusifonn shape, arched dorsum, rounded anterior, pointed posterior, smooth to pitted or tuberculate surface, larger LV with short hinge groove, muscle scars a eompact 1nedian group, zone of conerescence wide, numerous close-set radial canals. Ordovician to Recent.

Type species.-B. C'lN'fu.s McCoy, Carboniferous.

Bairdia cf. B. tuberculata Brady

Plate 1, figures 3a, b; text figure 4

Bairdia rhomboidea Br·ady, 1870, Les Fonds de la Mer, v. 1, p. 162, pl. 19, figs. 14, 15, [not B. t·hmnboidea Kirkby, 1858].

Bairdia tuberculata. Brady, 1880, Challenger reports, Zoology, v. 1, pt. 3, p. 60, pl. 10, fig. 3 Puri, 1960, Gulf Coast Geol. Soc. Trans .. v. 10, p. 131, pl. 6, figs. 9, 10.

Nesidea tuber·culata (Brady) l\Hiller, 1912, Das Tierreich, p. 243.

Diagnosis.-Shell elongate-subtriangular, highest medially, dorsmn moderately arched, venter straightened, anterior sharply curved 1nedially; posterior bluntly pointed, extended below; dorsal slopes strongly truncated~ posteroventral margin spinose~ fmv spines on anterior~ LV overlaps strongly, terminally and ventl·ally; valve convexity greatest 1nedian to posteromedian; surface densely punctate. Internal structures as observed in present specim~ms are shown in text figure4.


FIGURE 4.-Bairdia ct. B. tuberculata Brady. Interior of left valve; locality SC-2.

Length of figured specimen 0. 70 mm, height 0.66 mm, convexity 0.32 mm.

Remarks.-The form, internal structures, and external ornamentation of the shell are like those prescribed for B. t~tberc~tlata.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation, localities NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C., and SC-2, Horry County, S.C.; also living in Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere (Brady, 1868-86, 1880; Miiller, 1912).

Specimens studied.-Two. Figured speci1nen.-USNM 649867.

Bairdia laevicula Edwards

Plate 1, figures 4a, b; plate 7, figure 2; text figure 5

Bairdia laevicula Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 506, pl. 85, figs. 3, 4. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 17. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 223, pl. 1, fig. 1, text fig. 1d.

Diagnosis.-Elongate-ovate, highest anterior to middle, dorsmn moderately concave, venter straightened; anterior rounded below, truncate above; posterior pointed, extended submedially, slightly concave above; valves moderately convex; LV overlaps strongly midventrally, less strongly dorsally; surface weakly and densely punctate ; inner lamellae of moderate width; muscle scar median, composed of 8-10 spots in a dorsoventrally oval group; hinge and other 1narginal features of a LV are as shown in text figure 5.

FIGURE 5.-Bairdia laevicula Edwards. Interior of left valve; locality NC-5.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 1, fig. 4a) 0.78 min, height 0.45 mm, convexity 0.33 mm.

Remarks.-The surface pitting, outline, and other shell characteristics of the present specimens are like those of B. laevicula.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality NC-1, Columbus County, N.C.; locality NC-5, Brunswick, County, N.C.; localities SC-2 and SC-4, Horry County, S.C.; previously described from the

1 Duplin Marl and the upper and middle parts of the Yorktown Formation, upper Miocene of North Carolina.

Specimens studied.-Four. Fig~tred spechnen.-USNM 649868.

Family CYTHERIDEIDAE Sars, 1925 Subfamily CYTHERIDEINAE Sars, 1925

Genus HAPLOCYTHERIDEA Stephenson, 1936

Leptorytheridea Stephenson, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p. 157.

Phractocytlleridea Sutton and Williams, 1939, Jour. Paleoutology,v.13,p.571.

Elongate-subovate, moderate convexity, ends blunt to tapering in dorsal view, anterior rounded, posterior rounded to pointed, larger LV with merodont hinge; surface smooth, pitted, or with vertical and concentric furrows; zone of concrescence broad, vestibules narrow, radial canals numerous, muscle scars a vertical undivided row of spots with anterior spots. Upper Cretaceous to Recent.

Type species.-0. 17wntgonte'i'yensis Howe and Chambers, upper Eocene.

Although some authors (van Morkoven, 1963, p. 279) restrict the genus to the pre-Miocene on basis of minor details of hinge and other features, the present writer concurs with Sandberg (1964) in extending the range of the genus into the Neogene.

Haplocytheridea setipunctata (Brady)

Plate 1, figures 5a-c; plate 7, figures 1a, b

Oytheridea setipmwtata Brady, 1869, Les Fonds de la Mer, v. 1,p. 124,pl.14,figs.15,16.

Oytheddea (H azJlocytheridea) ponderosa Stephenson, 1938, Jour. Paleontology, v. 12, p. 133, pl. 23, fig. 10; pl. 24, figs. 1, 2.

Haplocythcridea, pondero8a (Stephenson). Puri, 1960, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 10, p. 110. Curtis, 1960, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 44, pl. 2'3, fig. 2.

Oyprirleis floridana Puri, 1960, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans .. v. 10, p. 100, pl. 2, fig. 5; text fig. 1-3 [notOythericlea florid ana. Howe and Hough, 1935].

Haplocytll('.ridea bassleri Stephenson, Swain, 1955 [part]. Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, v. 617, pl. 59, fig. 9a [not fig. 9b= Oypridci8 ovata (l\Iincher), fide Sandberg, 19'6-!]. See Sandberg, 196-!. Micropaleontology, v. 10, p. 361, for otlwr questionable references to this species.


H aplocytheridea gigantea. Benson and Coleman, 1963, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 2, pl. 27, pl. 3, figs. 10--14; text fig. 14.

?Oythcridea puncticillafa. Brady, Tressler and Smith, 1948 [part]. Chesapeake Biol. Lab. pub., v. 71, pl. 1, fig. 2 [fide Sandberg 1964].

Haplocytheidea setipunctata (Brady). Sandberg, 1964, Micropaleontology, v. 10, p. 361. Sandberg, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 508, pl. 3, fig. 12. Hulings and Puri, 19t15, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 329, fig. 14.

Diagnosis.-Shell subovate, dorsum moderately arched, venter eon vex, sinuous anteriorly; anterior rounded, extended below ; posterior broadly rounded, extended medially; moderately convex, blunt-ended in edge view. LV overlaps RV around entire margin. Surface sparsely punctate. Internal structures are as described by Sandberg (1964).

Length of figured specimen (pl. 1, fig. 5a) 0.81 miT!, height 0.53 mm, convexity 0.43 mm.

Remarks.-The present writer has followed the recent study by Sandberg ( 1964) in the assignment of the Waccamaw specimens to this species and genus.

0 cc urrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality NC-3, Cohunbus County, N.C.; locality NC-5, Bruns'viek County, N.C.; localities SC-1, SC-1b, and SC--4, Horry County, S.C.; also throughout the Miocene and in the Recent of Gulf of Mexico region and Chesapeake Bay.

Spechnens strztdied-nine.

Fig1tred specin~,ens.-USNM 649869, 649870.

Haplocytheridea sp. aff. H. blanpiedi (Stephenson) Plate 1, figures 6a, b

Shell subovate to subtriangular in side view, highest anteromedially; dorsal margin moderately convex, with steeper anterodorsal than posterodorsal slope; ventral Inargin nearly straight; anterior margin broadly curved; posterior Inargin narrowly curved, strongly extended below. LV larger than RV, extending most strongly beyond right along venter; valves moderately eon vex, sloping steeply toward margins; blunt-ended in edge view. Surface coarsely pitted; in marginal areas pits are arranged in shallow grooves. Internal shell characters are as described by Sandberg ( 1964) .

Length of figured shell 0.81 mm, height 0.47 mm, convexity 0.40 mm.

Relationships.-This species is similar to H. blanpiedi (Stephenson) , but that form is spinose terminally and less eoarsely pitted.

Ooc'Ztrrence.-Rare in Waeeamaw Formation, locality NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C.

Spechnerus studied.-One. Figrztred speci1nen.-lTSNM 649871.

Haplocytheridea bradyi (Stephenson) Plate 1, figures 7a, b, 8a, b; plate 2, figure 8

Oythet"idea (Haplocytheridea) bradyi Stephenson, 1938, Jour. Paleontology, v. 12, p. 129, pl. 23, fig. 22; pl. 24, figs. 5. t1; text fig. 10.

Haplocytheridea bradyi ( StephenrSIOn). Swain, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, p. 618, pl. 59, figs. 12a, b. Puri, 1960, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans. v. 10, p. 110, pl, 2, figs. 3, 4 ; pl. 6, fig. 19 ; text figs. 4, 5. Sandberg, 1964, Micropaleontology, v. 10, p. 362, pl. 2, figs. 7-16. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 321. fig. 12.

Haplooytheridea bradyi Swain, Byrne, LeRoy, and Riley, 1959, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans. v. 9, p. 240, pl. 4, fig. 10; pl. 5, fig. 11.

Oytheridea, (Haplocytheridea) wadei Stephenson, 1941, Jour. Paleontology, v. 15, p. 428, text figs. 3, 4, 14-18.

H aplocytheridea 'Wadei (Stephenson). Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 231, pl. 3, figs. 5, 6; text fig. 3g.

H aplocytheri dea p1·o boscidiala (Edwards). Benson and Coleman, 1963, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 2, p. 28, pl. 3, figs. 4-9; text fig. 15.

[Not] Haplocytherz:dea cf. H. proboscidiala (Edwards). Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 234, pl. 2, figs. 17, 18 ; text figs. 3e f [ = ?H aplocytheridea sub011ata Ulrich and Bassler, fide Sandberg, 1964].

D·iagnos·is.-Shell elongate, subtriangular to subova.te, dorsum strongly arehed, venter slightly convex and sinuous; anterior moderately to narrowly eurved, strongly extended below. Immature shells more unequally than adults. Either RV or LV the larger, overreaching the other dorsally more than elsewhere; valves moderately eonvex, tapering from midlength toward ends in dorsal view. Surface coarsely and deeply pitted except for smooth marginal zone; narrow shallow dorsomedian furrow extends obliquely toward anteroventral region in dorsal one-third of valves. Reversal of hingement as well as of valve size ooours in species.

Hinge of LV, terminal, finely transversely notched elongate sockets and interterminal crenulate furrow; inner lamellae narrow, s1nall vestibule present, radial canals few and widely spaced along free margin; adductor scars a median group of four spots in a vertical row and two more anterior spots, the dorsal one V

shaped. Length of figured specimen (pl. 1, fig. 7a) 0.73 mm,

height 0.41 mm, convexity 0.36 min. Ocourrence.-The species is rare in the Waccamaw

Formation, locality SC-5, Horry County, S.C.; locality NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C. Elsewhere it has been recorded from the Miocene Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage) of Florida and Duplin Marl of North Carolina; the Pliocene Caloosahatchee Formation of Florida; the Pleistoeene of Louisiana; the Recent of the Gulf Coast area, of the lT nited States and Mexjco, and from Puerto Rico.

Specimens st~td-ied.-Four. F-igured speci1nen-~.-lTSNM 649872, 649873.


Subfamily NEOCYTHERIDEINAE Puri, 1957

Genus PONTOCYTHERE Dubowsky, 1939

Hcmicl!thet·ideis Ruggieri 1952, Bologna Univ., Inst. Zool., Note del. Lab. Biol. Marina di Fano, v. 1, p. 62.

Httling8ina Purl, 1958, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans, v. 8, p. 173.

Much elongated, venter straight to concave, dorsum weakly convex, ends rounded, anterior broader, posterior with flangelike extension below, surface smooth to pitted or ventrally striate, may have median subvertical sulcus, larger LV with anterior long hinge furrow and subjacent "antislip bar;" intermediate long ridge and posterior short crenulate furrow, muscle scars a median undivided subvertical row and more anterior and 1nore ventral spots. Conspicuous vestibules terminally, other\Vise zone of conerescence broad; numerous, in part cmnplex, radial canals. Eocene to Recent.

Type species.-P. tchernja.wskii Dubowsky, Recent. Soft parts of Hulsingsina asherrnan,i (Ulrich and

Bassler) were found by Hulings ( 1966) to be like P ontocythere.

Pontocythere cf. P. wilberti (Puri) Plate 1, figures 9a-f; plate 2, figures 2a--c ; text figures 6A, B

Oytherideis wilberti Puri, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 908, pl. 130, figs. 9, 10; text figs. 7, 8. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 288, pl. 9, figs. 9, 10.

Hulingsina wilberti (Puri). Puri, 1958, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans. v. 8, p.175.

Diagnosis.-Elongate-subelli ptical, dorsum gently convex, venter slightly concave; anterior rounded, extended below; posterior 1nore narrow, extended below, truncate above; valves moderately convex; dimorphic, males more elongate and less convex than females. LV larger than and extending beyond RV, especially along dorsal slopes. Surface bears concentric grooves anteriorly, ventrally, and to a less extent posteriorly; remainder of surface s1nooth or with obscure markings. Hinge of LV with anterior long furrow; interterminal bar and posterior shorter furrow.

Inner lamellae broadest and with vestibule anteriorly, radial canals distributed as shown in text figure 6B j observable adductor 1nuscle scars are as s11own in text figure 6A.

Length of figured mature ma1e shell (pl. 1, fig. 9d) 0.91 mm, height 0.38 mm, convexity 0.35 m1n.

Re1narks.-The sha,pe and general surface ornamentation are like P. wUbe1·ti, but the present specimens are less nodose over general surface of shell than is typical in that species. The assignment of the. species to Pontocythere Dubowsky ( 1939) is based on Hulings' ( 1966) discovery that the shell and soft pa,rts of Hulingsina Puri ( 1958) and PoTdocythere are basically the same.

A

B

FIGURE 6.-Pontocythere cf. P. wi,lberti ('Puri). A, Interior of left valves of female?, locality N'C-5. B, Anterior part of male?, locality NC-2.

Occun·ence.-Frequent in Wacca1naw Formation at loca,lity NC-2, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at locality NC-1, Cohunbus County, N.C.; rare at localities NC-3, Colmnbus County and NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C. The species is present in the Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usa.ge) and the Alum Bluff Group of Florida (lower and middle Mioeene).

S pecimen.'J studied.-Six. Fig~u'ed specimens.-USNM 649874, 649879, 649884,

649885. Pontocythere rugipustulosa (Edwards)

Plate 1, figure 10; text figure 7

Oytherideis rug'ipustulosa Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontolog~, Y.

18, p. 514, pl. 86, figs. 5-7. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 20. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 287 (table 9). Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 780, pl. 78, figs. 20, 22, 23. Puri, 1958, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 8, p. 175.

Diag,nosis.-Elonga,te, subelliptical to subreniform, highest anteromedially, dorsum moderately arched, venter slightly concave; anterior rounded, slightly extended above. Surface. ornamented by rows of tiny nodes arranged concentrically in anterior, ventral, and posterior parts of shell, in longitudinal rows in posterodorsal part; oblique shallow sulcus.

DIO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

Hinge of LV anterior elongate groove socket; interterminal, slightly recessed ba,r formed of valve edge and posterior short groove; inner lmnellae broad anteriorly, vestibule narrow, radial canals relatively few and widely spaced.

Length of figured specimen 0.71 mm, height 0.35 mm, convexity of left valve 0.18 mn1.

Ocourrence.-Ra.re in Waccamaw Formation at locality SC-5, Horry County, S.C. The species occurs also in the Chocta wha,tchee Formation (of former usage) of Florida and the Duplin Marl of North Carolina. The illustrated specimen (pl. 1, fig. 10) is from the Duplin.

S pecirnens stud-ied.-Three.

Figured specinwn.-USNM 649880.

FIGURE 7.-Pontocythere rugipustulosa (Edwards). Interior of left valve; Duplin Formation, Walkers Bluff, N.C.

Pontocythere ashermani (Ulrich and Basslt:r)

Plate 2, figu·res la-d; plate 6, figure 4; text figure 8

Oytherideis ashermani Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene volume, p. 126, pl. 37, figs. 10-l6. Howe and others, 1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 14, pl. 3, figs. 8-10. Swain, 1948, Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines, and Water Resources Bull. 2, p. 195, pl. 14, fig. 1. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 19. Puri, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 910, pl. 13, figs. 4-8; text figs. 1, 2. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 286, pl. 9, figs .. 4-8. Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 778, pl. 78, figs.l-3.

Oytherideis longula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene volume, p. 128, pl. 37, figs. 21-27.

Oytherideis semicircularis Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene volume, p. 127, pl. 37, fig. 18-20.

Hulingsina ashermani (Ulrich and Ba~sler). Puri, 1958, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 8, p. 173. Benson and Coleman, 1963, Kans1as Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 2, p. 30, pl. 4, figs. 1-3 ; text fig. 17. Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 45, pl. 6, fig. 5; pl. 8, figs. 1-3. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 323, fig. 12A.

Pontocythere ashermani (Ulrich and Bassler). Hulings, 1966, Chesapeake Sci., v. 7, p. 51, figs. 2a-g, 6n.

Diagnosis.-Shell elongate, subtrapezoidal to sublanceolate; dorsum straightened medially, forming

broadly obtuse angles with dorsal slopes; venter slightly concave; anterior rounded, extended below; posterior bluntly subacuminate, strongly extended below; flange on LV. LV overreaches RV along dorsal slopes. Valves more strongly convex in shorter and higher female dimorphs. Surface in adult shells bears numerous large pits in which interspaces vary from the same to twice the diameter of pits.

Hinge of LV consists of anterior smooth short groove supported by a bar below, interter1ninal bar formed of valve edge and posterior furrow, shorter than anterior; inner lamellae broad anteriorly, narrow elsewhere; vestibule fairly wide, anteriorly; about 15 radial canals anteriorly ; adductor scar not seen in present specimens; specimens from the Duplin Marl at Lumberton, N.C., have anteromedian vertical row of three or four spots and one or two more anterior spots, dorsal of which is larger.

Length of figured female specimen (pl. 2, fig. 1a) 0.85 mm, height 0.45 mm, convexity 0.40 mm.

Remarks.-Hulings (1966) assigned the species to Pontocythere on the basis of its appendages and shell features.

Occurrence.-Rare to common in Waccamaw Formation at localities SC-1, SC-1b, SC-3, and SC--4, Horry County, S.C.; rare at locality NG--2, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at locality NC-3; rare at locality NC--4, Columbus County, N.C.; common at locality NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C. Common throughout Miocene of Atlantic Coastal Plain; has been reported living off west coast of Florida (Hulings and Puri, 1965, p. 320), but the present writer feels those specimens are too strongly sulcate for the species; is living in Atlantic Ocean off Virginia according to Hulings (1966).

Specimens studied.-Forty-eight. Figured specimens.-USNM 649881-649883, 650009.

FIGURE 8.-Pontooythere ashermani (Ulrich and Bassler). Interior of left valve; locality NC-1.

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION Dll

Family CYTHERURIDAE Miiller, 1894

Genus PARACYTHERIDEA Miiller, 1894

'? Vicinia I\:uznetsova, 1957, in Mandelstam and others, AlllTnion Paleont. Soc., Annual, Moscow, v. 16, p. 183.

? 111 ooreina Harlton, 1933, Jour. Paleontology, v. 7, p. 21.

Subquadrate, pointed posteriorly, straight-hinged, strongly alate ventrally, surface generally rugose, posterior cmnpressed, hinge weak, LV with terminal crenulate sockets and intervening crenulate bar~ radial canals few, zone of concrescence broad, muscle scars an anteromedian vertical row of three or four spots and more anterior spot ( s) . Upper Cretaceous to Recent.

Type species.-P. depressa Muller, Recent.

Paracytheridea cf. P. vandenboldi Puri Plate 2, figures 4a, b

Oythe1·opteron nodosa Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene volume, p. 129, pl. 38, figs. 37-40 [not 0. nodosa Brady, 1868].

Paracytheridea nodosa (Ulrich and Bassler). Howe and others, 1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 37, pl. 3, fig. 7. van den Bold, Contr. Study Ostracoda, 1946, p. 86, pl. 16, fig. 7. Swain, 1952 U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 51, pl. 3, figs. 19---22.

Paracytheridea vandenboldi Puri, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 751. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 238, pl. 3, fig. 7; text figs. 5a, b. Swain, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v.29,p.625,pl.62,figs.2a, b.

Diagnosis.-Subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, dorsum nearly straight, venter sinuous; anterior broadly rounded, posterior with dorsomedian caudate extension, concave above. Valve with prominent ventral ridge, expanded as an ala posteriorly; median longitudinal ridge, anterodorsal cardinal eye node and subjacent oblique furrow; scattered ridges anteromedially; general surface coarsely pitted; strongly convex ventromedially. LV hinge with terminal crenulate sockets and interterminal crenulate bar. Inner lamellae of moderate width, no vestibule; radial canals few and widely spaced; adductor scar a median row of four spots; 1nore anterior antennal? spots also occur.

Length of LV figured (pl. 2, fig. 4a) 0.67 mm, height 0.33 mm, convexity of LV 0.21 mm.

Occurrance.-Rare in Waccamaw Fonnation at locality NC-2, Columbus County, N.C. Also occurs in middle and upper Miocene of Atlantic Coastal Plain, Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage) of Florida, 1\!Iiocene of Cuba and Guatemala, and Recent of Texas bays.

Specimens st~udied.-One. Figured spechnen.-USNM 649887.

Genus HEMICYTHERURA Elofson, 1941

Outherurina Mandelstam, 1958, in Abushik and others, Microfauna USSR, v. 9, VNIGRI, Trans., no. 115, p. 285 [proposed without description or type species but with apparent intent to include Hemicythe1·ura cellulosa (Norman) Hornibrook, 1952].

Subtriangular, almond-shaped, LV larger, but RV overlaps dorsally, reticulate or pitted, valves compressed, posteriorly caudate, hinge merodont, zone of concresence broad, radial canals irregularly spaced, vestibule small or absent, muscle scars questionably a median vertical undivided row of several spots and a more anterior spot. Upper Cretaceous to Recent.

Type species.-Oythere cellulosa Norman, Recent.

Hemicytherura howei (Puri) Plate 4, figures 5a, b; text figure 9

Kangarina howei Puri, 1954 Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 246, pl. 4, fig. 7; text figs. 6i, j.

Hemicytherura howei (Puri). Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ. Paleontology Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 49, pl. 9, figs. 1-3.

Diagnosis.-Small, subtriangular to subtrapezoidal, highest medially; dorsum strongly convex, venter nearly straight; anterior narrowly rounded, extended below; posterior acuminate, strongly extended above, LV slightly larger than RV, overreaching it dorsally; valves only moderately convex, posterior end compressed; surface weakly ornamented by narrow reticulating ridges. Internal features of a RV are shown in text figure 9.

FIGURE 9.-Herr,icytherura howei (Puri). Interior of right valve; locality SC-4.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 4, fig. 5a) 0.40 mm, height 0.21 mm, convexity 0.161nm.

Rmna1'ks.-The present writer agrees with Pooser ( 1965, p. 49) that the shape and surface ornamentation of this species are more typical of H endcytherura than of [{ angarina.

Occu-rrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation at locality NC-4, Columbus County, N.C.; localities SC-1b, SC-3, and SC-4, Horry County, S.C. The species was described frmn the Choctawhatchee Formation (of for-

Dl2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

mer usage) of Florida, and occurs also in the Duplin Marl and in the Yorktown Formation of the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

Specimens studied.-Four. Figured specinwn.S'.-USNM 649937, 649938, 650010.

Genus CYTHERURA Sars, 1868

Small subquadrate, moderately convex, LV larger, but RV overreaches LV dorsally, posterior caudal process, ventral low alae in some forms, flattened venter, ribbed, reticulate, or punctate surface, hinge modified merodont, zone of concrescense of moderate width, radial canals few, may be paired, vestibule -absent or narrow, muscle scars an anterior median vertical undivided row of four spots and additional anterior and ventral spot ( s) . Cretaceous ( ? ) , Eocene to Recent.

Type species.-0. gibba 0. F. Muller.

Cytherura elonga ta Edwards Plate 6, figures lla-c

Oytherura elongata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 526, pl. 88, figs. 21-25. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. 'Survey Prof. Paper 234--A, p. 50, pl. 7, figs. 24, 25. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 331, fig. 15.

Diagnosis.-Subquadrate-sublanceolate in side view, highest posteromedially, dorsmn slightly sinuous, nearly straight, venter slightly concave medially, subparallel to dorsum; anterior rounded, somewhat extended below, posterior bluntly caudate, strongly extended medially. LV slightly larger than RV, overlapping most in cardinal areas; valves moderately convex; posterior end compressed. Surface with narrow longitudinal ridges between which lie transverse reticulating ridges; longitudinal ridges converge toward ends. Male dimorphs more elongate than female; latter have posterior part of shell swollen.

Length of figured female shell (pl. 6, fig. 11b) 0.43 mm, height 0.20 mm, convexity 0.181nm.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation -at locality NC-2, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at locality NC-1, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at locality SC-2, Horry County, S.C. The species also occurs in the Duplin Marl and throughout the Yorktown Formation of North Carolina and Virginia; it has been recorded living off the west coast of Florida.

Specimens studied.-Twelve. Fig,ured specimen,s.-USNM 649998-650000.

Cytherura forulata Edwards Plate 5, figure 10; text figure 10

Oytherura forulata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 526, pl. 88, figs. 17-20. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 50. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 329, fig.14.

Diagnosis.-Shell subquadrate, dorsum and venter nearly straight to slightly convex, anterior margin broadly curved, posterior bluntly caudate; valves moderately convex; greatest convexity ventromedian. LV slightly larger than RV. Surface ornamented by 8-10 longitudinal ridges curved subparallel to margins dorsally and ventrally; numerous crossbars connect ridges; anterodorsally is an oblique eye tubercle. Internal shell features of a Waccamaw specimen are shown in text figure 10.

FIGURE 10.-0ythe1·ura forulata Edwards. Interior of left valve; locality SC-3.

Length of figured specimen 0.45 1nm, height 0.25 mm, convexity 0.20 mm.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation at localities SC-2, SC-3, SC-4, and SC-5, Horry County, S.C. Elsewhere the species occurs in the Duplin and throughout the Yorktown Formation, upper Miocene of the Middle Atlantic region; reported living off west coast of Florida.

Specimens st'udied.-Six. F-igured speci1nens.-USNM 649978, 650011.

Cytherura cf. C. costata MUller

Plate 4, figure 10

Oytherura oostata G. W. MUller, 1894, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, v. 21, p. 295, pl. 8, figs. 11, 15; pl. 32, fig. 33, Swain, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, p. 629, pl. 64, figs. lla, b.

Diagnosis.-Shell elongate-lanceolate, dorsum slightly convex, venter sinuous, concave medially; anterior rounded, extended below; posterior margin caudate, strongly extended ventromedially. Valves not strongly convex, posterior caudate extension compressed. Valve surface with about six narrow longitudinal ridges, upper three curved subparallel to dorsal margin; median ridge bifurcate posteriorly. Internal features not clearly seen in present specimens; they were partially illustrated by Miiller.

Length of figured specimen 0.42 mm., height 0.20 mm, convexity 0.17 mm.


Remarks.-The shape, surface ribbing, and strong posteroventral caudation suggest to the writer a similarity toM tiller's ( 1894) Recent species.

Ocourrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation locality SC-3, Horry County, S.C.; the species is living in the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions, in shallow water. In the Bay of Naples the species is associated with calcareous algae (Puri and others, 1964).

Specimens studied.-One. Figured specimen.-USNM 649949.

Genus CYTHEROPTERON Sars, 1866

Ovate-subrhomboidallateral outline, arched dorsum, sinuous venter, weak to strong ventral alae; surface smooth, pitted, reticulate, or ribbed; RV slightly larger, overlapping along hinge margin; hinge merodont, with well-developed crenulate interterminal bar in LV and groove in RV; zone of concrescence moderately broad, vestibules small or absent; radial canals few, in part paired or irregular; adductor muscle scars an anterornedian vertical row of four undivided spots and more anterior V-shaped' spot in which is a small subsidiary spot. Lower Jurassic to Recent.

Type species.-Oythere latissirna Norman, Recent.

Cytheropteron yorktownensis (Malkin)

Plate 4, figures 7a-c; text figure 11

Eocytheropteron yorktownensis Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 780, pl. 79, figs. 1-4.

Diagnosis.-Small, subovate; dorsum nearly straight to slightly convex; venter sinuous, anterior rounded, extended below; posterior narrowly rounded, extended above; LV larger than RV; valves strongly convex; inflated ventrally in low alaform expansion; ala abruptly terminated posteroventrally; median surface with .low, longitudinal, narrow, somewhat sinuous ridges, and with a weakly reticulate ridgepattern. Internal features of shell are shown in text figure 11. ~ength of figured specimen (pl. 4, fig. 7a) 0.40 mm,

height 0.28 mm, convexity 0.23 mm.

FIGURE 11.-0ytheropteron yorktownensis (Malkin). Interior of left valve ; Pleistocene, Longs, S.C.

266-183 0-67--3

Remarks.-Although the weak alation of this species is more like E ocytheropteron, the hingement and other internal features as outlined by Malkin are believed by the present writer to be closer to Oytheropteron.

OccuJ'J'ence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation at locality NC-2, Colombus County, N.C.; and in the Pleistocene at Longs, S.C. The species was described frmn the Yorktown Formation of Virginia. It occurs throughout the Yorktown Formation and in the Duplin Marl, upper Miocene of the Middle Atlantic region.

Specimens stu.died.-Four. Figured specimens.-USNM 649940-649942.

Cytheropteron choctawhatcheensis Puri

Plate 3, figure 9

Oytheropteron choct.awhatcheensis Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 242, pl. 5, figs. 1, 2.

Diagnosis.-Shell elongate-subtrapezoidal in outline, dorsum nearly straight and about three-fifths shell length, venter slightly sinuous and subparallel to dorsum; anterior margin broadly rounded, slightly extended below, posterior 1nargin narrowly rounded, strongly extended below. Valves strongly convex, greatest convexity ventroposterior; LV larger than RV, overreaching along dorsal slopes. Ventral surface flattened owing to alaform expansion of valves. General surface smooth. Internal shell features not seen, and were not described by Puri.

Length of figured specimen 0.57 mm, height 0.28 mm, convexity 0.28 mm.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation at locality SC-1b, Horry County, S.C. The species was described from the Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage), upper Miocene of Florida.


Genus EUCYTHERURA Miiller, 1894

Small subquadrate, broader anteriorly than posteriorly where margin is extended above, low alae ventrally, surface pitted or rugose, anteromedian swelling or node, LV slightly larger than RV; hinge merodont but terminal teeth and sockets may or may not be crenulate; inner lamellae broad, no vestibules, radial canals few, adductor 1nuscle scars a median vertical undivided row of about four spots and more anterior spot ( s) , Lower Cretaceous to Recent.

Type species.-Oythere complexa Brady, Recent.

Eucytherura sp.


Shell small, subquadrate in side view, highest medially; dorsal margin nearly straight except for posterior


step; ventral margin gently convex; anterior 1nargin broadly curved, slightly extended'below; posterior margin more narrowly curved, slightly extended medially; LV larger than RV; valves moderately convex; posterior fifth of valves compressed. A ridgelike expansion of shell along dorsum and an opposing ventral subalate expansion terminate abruptly at posterior depressed part of shell. Irregular depressions and short ridges ornament surface of valve. Internal shell features not seen.

Length of shell 0.41 mm, height 0.27 mn1, convexits 0.21 mm.

Relatior1/ships.-This fonn is less quadrangular and has different surface ornamentation than E. complexa (Brady) of the upper Miocene of Trinidad (van den Bold, 1963b) or E. 'Loeingeist£ Puri from the Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage) (Area. facies) of Flm,ida (Puri, 1954). Insufficient specimens are available for establishment of a new speeies.

Occtwrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Fonnation at locality NC-4, Columbus County, N.C.

Sped-mens strttdied-One. Figu/red specimen.-USNM 649954.

Family TRACHYLEBERIDIDAE Sylvester-Bradley, 1948

Genus ACTINOCYTHEREIS Puri, 19·53

Subquadrate, medium size, compressed valves; dorsal, oblique, 1nedian-longituclinal, and ventral submarginal rows of short thick spines; terminal marginal spinose rims, postdorsal short vertical row of spines, hinge amphidont, inner lamellae broad, vestibule narrow to absent, radial canals numerous terminally; adductor muscle scar an anteromedian vertical row of four spots and more anterior spot(s). Oligocene to Recent.

Type species.-Oythere exanthemata Ulrich and Bassler, Miocene.

Actinocythereis exanthemata (Ulrich and Bassler) Plate 2, figures 5a-f; text figure 12

Oythere exanthemata Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene volume, p.117, pl. 36, figs. 1-5.

Oythereis e:»anthemata (Ulrich and Bassler). Van den Boldr. 1946, Contr. Study Ostracoda, Amsterdam, p. 88, fig. 2.

Tmchyleberi8 exanthemata (Ulrich and Bassler). Swain, 1948, Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines, and Water Resources Bull. 2, pl. 12, figs. 14, 15. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 37, pl. 6, fig. 5.

Actinocythereis exanthemata (Ulrich and Bassler). Puri, 1953, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 49, p. 179, pl. 2, figs. 4-8; text figs. e, f. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36. p. 252, pl. 13, figs. 6-13. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 329, fig. 14.

Diagnosis.-Subquadrate, straight dorsum modified by five to six projecting nodes and high anterior cardinal projection; venter slightly concave medially; an-

terior broadly curved, somewhat extended below, truncate above, spinose; posterior narro,ver, but also broadly curved to subtruncate, spinose. Rim extends around free margins; rim spinose ventrally and in some specimens terminally; dorsum with row of spines converging posteriorly to,vard dorsum; ventro-posterior border of valves compressed; vertical short cleatlike row of spines posterodorsally. Internal features not seen in present speeimens but a specimen from the Yorktown Formation near Tar Ferry Landing, Hertford County, N.C., had the following: hinge of LV consists of an anterior rounded deep socket, posteroj acent small tooth, interterminal bar formed of valve edge, slightly serrate, and a posterior rounded socket; inner lamellae fairly broad, vestibule narrow to absent; radial canals numerous and closely spaced terminally; adductor scar an anteromedian vertical row of four elongate spots and one or two more anterior spots.

Length of figured male LV (pl. 2, fig. 5f) 0.90 mm, height 0.45Inm, convexity 0.41 mm.

Rernarks.-The range of features that characterize this species are in need of detailed study. The writer belifwes that the subspecies gornillionensis Howe and Ellis (Howe and others, 1935) and marylandica Howe and Hough (Howe and others, 1935) may be immature molts and (or) ecologic variants of exanthernata. Until these uncertainties are resolved it is believed preferable to assign the Waccamaw specimens to exanthemata.

Occurrence.-Common in the W acca1naw Formation at loc.ality NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C.; at localities NC-1, and NC-3, Columbus County, N.C.; localities SC-1, SC-3, and SC-5, Horry County, S.C. Malkin ( 1953) recorded it from the Cal vert and Choptank Formations, middle Miocene, and stated that A. exanthernata gomillionensis is characteristic of the Yorktown Formation, upper Miocene. Edwards (1944) found that subspecies in the Duplin Marl, upper Miocene. The present writer (Swain, 1952) recorded A. exanthemata from the subsurface upper Miocene. The species apparently ranges throughout the Miocene and

FIGURE 12.-AcUnocythc:rcis exanthemata (Ulrich and Bassler). Interior of right valve; locality SC-3.


into the Pliocene of the Middle Atlantic region. Puri ( 1954) recorded it throughout the Miocene of the Florida panhandle.

~._~1pecirrwns studied.-Fourteen. Figured speci1nens.-USNM 649889-649894, 650012.

Genus ECHINOCYTHEREIS Puri, 1954

Subovate, medium to large, LV larger than RV; shell inflated, spinose or tuberculate and pitted, has eye tubercle, ends compressed, hinge amphidont, inner lamellae of moderate width, radial canals numerous, vestibule narrow or absent, adductor muscle scar a median vertical row of four spots and additional more anterior spots. Paleocene ( ? ) , Eocene to Recent.

Type species.-Oythereis garretti IIowe and McGuirt, Miocene.

Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt)

Plate 4, figure 12 ; text figure 13

Oythere-is garretti Howe and McGuirt, 1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 17-19 ; pl. 4, figs. 5, 15.

Buntonia? cf. B.? garretU (Howe and McGuirt). Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 39, pl. 3, fig. 6; pl. 4, figs. 4-6.

Echinocythereis garretti (Howe and McGuirt). Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 260, pl. 12, figs. 2-5; text figs. 9a, b.

Diagnosis.-Shell subquadrate in side view, dorsum nearly straight to sinuous, about two-thirds of shell length; venter nearly straight, slightly convex; terminal margins broadly rounded, the posterior narrower than anterior and coarsely spinose. LV larger than RV; moderately convex, most convex posterior in position. Anterior marginal zone with three subparallel concentric rows of pustules; general surface densely pustulose; anterodorsal eye tubercle projects slightly beyond dorsal margin. Internal features are as shown in text figure 13.

Length of figured specimen 0.83 m1n, height 0.55 mm, convexity 0.50 mm.

FIGURE 13.-Echinocythm·eis ga1-retti (Howe and McGuirt). Interior of right valve; locality SC-2.

Occurrence.-Waccamaw Formation, locality SC-2; elsewhere the species occurs in the upper Miocene Chocta watchee Formation (of former usage) of Florida and from the middle and upper Miocene, subsurface of Florida.

S pecinwns studied.-Two. Figu.red speci1nens.-USNM 649951, 650013.

Genus CLETOCYTHEREIS Swain, 1963

Subquadrate, medimn size, din1orphic; 1nales 1nore elongate than females and with posteroventral flangelike extension ; surface reticulate, anteron1edian swelling, posterodorsal subvertical cleatlike row of spines; longitudinal ro,vs of spines dorsally and ventrally and perhaps mediaHy, terminal spinose rims, hinge modified amphidont, inner lamellae of moderate width, line of concrescence irregular owing to funnel-shaped internal openings of canals, adductor muscle scar a n1eclian vertical row of three or four undivided spots and more anterior spots, diductor scar present. l\1iocene ( ? ) , Pleistocene to Recent.

Type 8pecies.-Oythere rastromarginata Brady, Recent.

Cletocythereis ~ mundorffi. (Swain)

Plate 2, figure 6

Trachylebcris rnundorffi Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 36, pl. 5, fig. 19; pl. 6, fig. 4.

Diagnosis.-Shell subquadrate, highest near anterior end, dorsum and venter nearly straight, converging posteriorly; anterior broadly curved, extended below, spinose; posterior narrower, but with broad curvature, coarsely spinose; anterior with sub1narginal narrow ridge that passes below into a series of spines; dorsal margin with spinose ridge that projects beyond valve margin; anterior end of which is an enlarged node; posterior end of dorsal ridge with ventrally extending short ridge; medially is an oblique peculiarly "pulledlooking" longitudi~al ridge from which extend short spines; median low nodelike swelling; ventrally is an oblique row of spines or spinose ridge; ventroposterior marginal area of valves compressed. Internal structures described by Swain (1952).


Remarks.-The posterodorsal subvertical short ridge, median nodelike swelling, longitudinal ridges, and flangelike posteroventral spinose marginal extension ally this species with Oletocythereis rather than with Trachyleberis Brady, which is more generally spinose, or with Actinocythereis Puri which has similar rows of spines but lacks the median swelling of Oletocythgreis.

0 ccurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation at locality NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C.; previously re-

Dl6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY

corded from the 1niddle and upper Miocene from wells in North Carolina. According to Malkin, 0. mundorffi (1953, p. 792) is equivalent to Aetinocythereis ewanthemata gornillionensis (Howe and Ellis), but that form is smaller and has longitudinal rows of spines rather than nodose ridges as in1nundorjfi. The specimen illustrated as gomillionensis by Malkin (1953, pl. 81, figs. 15, 17, 18) may represent rnundorffi.

S peci1nens studied.-One. Figured specimen.-lTSNM 649895.

Genus NE,O'CAUDITES Puri, 1960

Subquadrate-subelliptical, compressed and thinshelled, free margins with rim, terminal spines, dorsal and ventral submarginal ridges, median oblique ridge, eye tubercle, surface smooth or pitted, hinge holamphidont, inner lamellae broad, radial canals numerous, adduetor muscle scars a median vertieal row of three spots and two more anterior antenna! spots. Miocene to Reeent.

Type spec-ies.-N. nevianii Puri, Recent.

Neocaudites triplistriata (Edwards)

Plate 3, figures la-d, text figure 14

Oythereis triplistriata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 522, pl. 87, figs. 24-26.

Trachyleberis? cj. T?' triplistriata Edwards. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 37, pl. 6, figs. 2, 3.

Rectotrachyleberis cf. R. tripUstriata (Edwards). Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 264, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.

Neocaudites triplistriata (Edwards). Van den Bold, 1963b, Micropaleontology, v. 9, p. 389, pl. 8, fig. 4.

Diagnos,is.-Subquadrate, highest anteriorly, dorsum slightly sinuous, venter nearly straight, slightly eoncave medially; anterior broadly eurved, fringed with thiek spines, slightly truncate above; posterior narrower, truneate above, spinose below; terminal submarginal elevated smooth rims; dorsal and ventral submarginal na,rrow rims; anterodorsal eye tubercle; oblique median longitudinal broad ridge extends from posterodorsal to anteroventral marginal areas; general surfaee smooth or pitted. LV slightly larger than RV; valves strongly compressed. Internal features of a RV are as shown in text figure 14.

Length of figured shell (pl. 3, fig. 1a) 0.68 mm, height 0.35 mm, convexity 0.21 mm.

Rernarks.-Rectotrachyleberis was placed in synonymy with 0 osta N eviani by Howe (in Moore and others, 1961), but that genus is chara-Cterized by a 1nedian ridge that bends ventrally at the posterior end. Bold (1963b, p. 389) placed the speeies in Neocaudites. The present writer believes his specimens from the North Carolina subsurface (1952, p. 37) are this species, but Van den Bold disagrees ( 1963b, p. 389) . The status of triplistriata remains somewhat in doubt.

FIGURE 14.-Neocaudites triplistriata (Edwards). Interior of right Yalve; locality NC-1.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation at localities SC-2 and SC--4, Horry County, S.C.; locality NC--4, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at loealities NC-1 and NC-3, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locality NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C. The species was previously reeorded from the Duplin Marl of North Carolina, the middle part of the Yorktown Formation of Virginia, and from the Choctawatchee Formation (of former usage) of Florida, upper Miocene.

Spec,imens studied.-Fourteen. Figured specirnens.-USNM 649898, 649899.

Genus MUELLERINA Bassiouni, 1965

Subquadrate, small to medium size, marginal rims, ocular and anteromedian tubereles, retieulate surface pattern of ridges, hinge amphidont, inner la1nellae rather broad, vestibule narrow or absent, radial canals few to numerous anteriorly, adductor muscle scars an anteromedian divided row of 4 spots and 1-3 anteroadj acent spots together with a more anterior spot ( s) . Mioeene to Pliocene.

Type s p e c i e s . - Oythere lalimAI,rginata, Speyer, Oligocene.

:Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler)

Plate 3, figures 2a-h, 3a-b, 4a-b ; text figure 15

Oythere lienenklausi Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol. 'Survey, Miocene volume, p. 112, pl. 3'6, figs. 11-15.

Oythere micula Ulrich and Bassler, 1904, Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene volume, p. 116, pl. 36, figs. 18-20.

Trachyleberis? martini (Urich and Bassler). Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234--A, p. 29, pl. 3, figs. 8, 15.

Trachyleberis martini (Ulrich and Bassler). Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 793, pl. 82, figs. 6--13.

Trachyleberis? cf. T.? micula (Ulrich and Bassler). Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234--A, p. 29, text fig. 31.

M 1trrayina martini (Ulrich and Bassler). Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey, Bull. 36,' p. 256, pl. 12, figs. 11-13; text figs. 8e, f. McLean, 1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, pl. 11, figs. la-c, 2a, b, 3a-d. Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 60, pl. 21, figs. 3, 5, 8.

Muellerina Uenenklausi (Ulrich and Hassler). Hazel, 196,7, D.'S. 'Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 564, p. 21, rpl. 3, figs. 3-6, 11; pl. 7, figs. 1, 4, 5, 7.


Diagnos-is.-Subquadrate, highest one-fourth from anterior end; dorsum sinuous, high anterocardinal projection, venter nearly straight to slightly concave n1edially, converging posteriorly with dorsum; anterior broadly curved, spinose below; posterior narrower, rounded, and finely spinose below, truncate or concave above. LV the larger, overreaching at cardinal angles. Free margins with_ narrow elevated ri1n and adjacent furrow or inner rib; surface coarsely reticulate, pits elongated longitudinally; low anteromedian swelling and faint posterojacent furrow; slightly elevated ridge extends sinuously from posterocardinal angle, obliquely forward and venterad; a second shorter ridge subjacent to first in posterior half; small anterocardinal eye tubercles. RV hinge with anterior ovate, coarsely crenulate tooth, postj acent small socket, narrow, finely crenulate interterminal groove, anteromedian "anti-slip" projection, posterior elongate tooth. Line of concrescence and inner margin nearly coincide, inner lamellae rather broad; about 30 radial canals anteriorly, less numerous elsewhere. Muscle scar consists of a median crescentic row of four spots, a slightly more anterior set of one to three spots, varying with the specimen, and a more anterior set of two spots opposite dorsal end of other groups and additional more ventral spot or spots.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 3, fig. 3b) 0.68 mm, height 0.36 1nm, convexity 0.35 mm.

Remarks.-The species is variable in the strength of surface ornamental features, ranging from nearly smooth t;o deeply reticulate. The details of internal structure, especiaUy the width of the zone of concrescence and the muscle scar pattern are also variable.

Occurrence.-Rare to common in all samples of Waccamaw Formation studied. The species has been recorded previously throughout the Miocene of the Middle Atlantic region from the upper Miocene Choct.awhat-

FIGURE 15.-Muellerina Uenenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler). Interior of left valve; locality NC-5.

chee Formation (of fonner usage) of Florida, and from the Recent.

Spechnens stu_.died.-Sixty-nine. F-igured specimens.-USNM 649900-649913.

Genus M:URRAYINA :Puri, 1953

Type species.-lJf. howei Puri, Miocene.

M:urrayina 1 sp. Plate 3, figures 5a, b

Shell elongate-subelliptical in side view, highest near anterior end; dorsal margin slightly convex, straightened posteromeclially; ventral margin concave medially; anterior margin broadly curved, extended medially. LV slightly larger than RV, overreaching RV ventrally and anterodorsally, valves moderately convex, greatest convexity posteromedian; posterior 1narginal zone compressed.

General surface of valves with elongate pits and intervening discontinuous ridges; these features are more or less concentrically arranged in marginal zone of shell and longitudinally arranged in mid part; a smoothed rounded patch slightly anteromedian in position.

Hinge not clearly seen but apparently cm1;.;ists in RV of anterior tooth and posterojacent socket, interterminal groove and posterior tooth; inner la1nellae of moderate width, radial canals nmnerous and closely spaced; adductor scar a median vertical row of three or four spots and one or two more anterior spots.

Length of shell 0.80 mm, height 0.36 mm, convexity 0.37mm.

Rmnarks.-This fonn is similar to B en8onocythere 1ohitei (Swain) frmn the subsurface Miocene of N orlh Carolina, but the surface pits in tha:t species are not elongated, there are more distinct m-arginal ridges than in the present forms, and the muscle scar pattern is not typical of that genus in that the main adductor scars appear to be undivided.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw formation -at locality NC-1, Columbus County, N.C.


Genus OCCULTOCYTHEREIS Howe, 19·51

Elongate-subquadrate, small, compressed, eye tubercle, anteromedian node, anterior spinose rim, pointed posterior end; surface smooth or with rugose ridges, amphidont hinge, broad inner limellae, no vestibule, branching radial canals, adductor 1nuscle scar an undivided anteron1edian row of four spots and a more anterior V -sha peel spot. Upper Cretaceous ( ~) , Paleocene to Recent.

Type speaies.-0. deb.unbata Howe, Eocene.


Occultocythereis sp. Plate 5, figure 2

Shell small, elongate-subquadrate in lateral view, highest one-fourth from anterior end; dorsal margin nearly straight, cardinal angles broadly obtuse; ventral margin nearly straight, converging slightly toward dorsum posteriorly; anterior margin broadly curved, somewhat extended below; posterior margin narrowly curved, strongly extended above. Valves subequal, compressed; LV slightly larger than an overreaching RV.

Surface with a median longitudinal narrow groove, dorsal to which are three or four short subvertical ridges extending toward dorsal Inargin, and a dorsoadjacent irregular longitudinal ridge; variously sized pits ornament general surface. Internal shell structure not seen.


Rentarks.-This species is similar to Leptocythere cranekeyensis Puri (1954) in size, general form, and surface ornamentation but is less concave ventrally and has a different pattern of surfaee ridges from that species.

Ocaurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation, localit:Y NC-1, Columbus County, N.C.

8 peclmen8 8ttttdied.-One. Figured specimen.-USNM 649955.

Genus PURIANA Coryell and Fields, 19,53

Favella Ooryell and Fields, 1937, Am. Mus. Novitates, no. 956, p. 8 (not Jorgensen, 1925).

Subquadrate, 1nedium size, spinose anterior marginal rim, eye tubercle; posterior end compressed, coarsely spinose, anteromedian tubercle, rugose ridges on surface, amphidont hinge, crenulate median element, inner lamellae fairly broad, vestibule well developed or nearly absent, radial canals moderate in number, line of concrescence smooth or scalloped owing to funnel-shaped inner terminations of pore canals; adductor muscle scar a median row of spots and n1ore anterior spot ( s), one of which typically V-shaped. Oligocene to Recent.

Type species.-Favella puella Coryell and Fields, Miocene.

Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler) Plate 5, figures 8a-c; plate 7, figure 4; text figures 16, 17

Oythere rugipunctata Ulrich and Bassler, 1004, Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene volume, p. 118, pl. 38, figs. 16, 17.

Oythereis rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler). Howe and others, 1935, Florida Dept. Conserv. Geol. Bull. 13, rp. 23, pl. 1, figs. 18, 20-22; pl. 4, figs. 22, 23.

Favella rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler). Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 524, pl. 88, figs. 5, 6. van den Bold, 1946, Oontr. Study Ostracoda, Amsterdam, p. 100, pl. 10,

fig. 3. van den Bold 1950, Jour. Paleontology, v. 24, p. 86. Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 797, pl. 83, fig. 24.

Trachyleberis? rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler). Swain, 19,52, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 38, pl. 6, fig. 8.

Puriana rttgipmwtata (Ulrich and Bassler). Puri, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 751. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 2,57, pl. 12, figs. 16, 19, text fig. 8h. McLean, 1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 89, pl. 11, figs. 5a-d. Brown, 1958, North Carolina Dept. Conserv. and Devel. Bull. 72, p. 63, pl. 4, fig. 10. Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropods, Art. 8, p. 61, pl. 17, figs. 4-7, 9. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., v. 33, supp., p. 321, fig. 12.

Diagnosi8.-Subquadrate, Inedium-sized, highest onefourth from anterior end; dorsum sinuous, anterior cardinal angle more obtuse than posterior; venter s]ightly concave; anterior broadly curved, extended and sparsely spinose below; posterior extended and coarsely spinose below, notched above and with triangular ridgelike extension near posterior cardinal angle. Moderately convex, LV slightly larger. Surface with broad anterior submarginal rim, narrow marginal rim along free border; large anteromedian node; anterodorsal eye tubercle, slightly oblique dorsoventrally elongate nodes or short ridges, closely spaced, posterior to median node; posterior end compressed, submarginal ventral longitudinal ridge.

RV hinge an anterior high-pointed tooth, posterojacent deep oval socket, interterminal narrow groove and posterior large rounded, slightly crenulate tooth; other internal features are as shown in text figure 16.

FIGURE 16.-Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler). Interior of left valve; locality NC-1.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 5, fig. Sa) 0.60 mm, height 0.35 mm, convexity 0.33 Inm.

Ocmtrrence.-The species is rare to emnmon at nearly all localities of Wacca1naw Fonnation studied. It also occurs in the Yorktown Formation of the Middle Atlantic region, more commonly in the upper than in the lower part; in the Duplin Marl of North Carolina; in the Alum Bluff Group and the Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage) of Florida; in the Miocene of


Cuba, Guatemala, and British Honduras; and lives off the west coast of Florida.

S pee irnwns 8 trudied.-Fifty -eight. Figu~red specitnens.-USNM 649973-649975, 650014.

FIGURE 17.-Puriana rugipu,nctata (Ulrich and Bassler). Interior of immature left valve; locality SC-3.

Puriana mesicostalis (Edwards) Plate 4, figure 13 ; plate 5, figure 13

Fa't'ella, rnesicostalis Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, no. 6, p. 524, pl. 88, figs. 1-4.

Diagnosis.-Shell elongate-subquadrate; dorsal and ventral margins subparallel, venter slightly concave medially; anterior margin broadly rounded, slightly extended below; posterior margin truncate, bearing three to four short spines below; concave above; valves subequal, 1noderately convex, greatest convexity in posterior third.

Anterior marginal zone with narrow submarginal ridge, anterior two-thirds of venter with similar but disconnected submarginal ridge, a narrow vertica] ridge extending downward from posterocardinal margin; anteromedian node consists of a cluster of small curved ridges; a short ridge extends anteriorly from node and a long median ridge extends posteriorly from it; several short sub vertical ridges extend from dorsal margin, and a series of small griooves and short ridges lie ventral of median longitudinal ridge. Internal features not seen in specimens at hand.


Remarks.-P. rnwsicostalis differs from P. rugipttnctata in having much weaker posteromedian transverse ridges than typical rugipunctata and in having a median longitudinal ridge that is absent in that species.

Occurrence.-The species was originally described frmn the Duplin Marl, upper Miocene, at Lumberton, N.C.; in the present Waccamaw collection it occurs at locality SC-1, Horry County, S.C.

Speci1nens stttdied.-Three. Figwred speci1n-en.-USNM 649981.

Family BRACHYCYTHERIDAE Puri, 1954

Genus PTERYGOCYTHEREIS Blake, 1933

Fimbria. Neviani, 1928, Pontificia Acad. delle Sci., Rome Mem. Sec. 2, v. 11, p. 72 [not Bohadsch, 1761, nor Megerle, 1811, nor Risso, 1826, nor Cobb, 1894, nor Belon, 1896].

Pterrfgocytherels Bold, 1946, Contr. to study of Ostracoda, Amsterdam, J. H. DeBussy, p. 29 (error).

Subquadrate, sn1ooth to strongly spinose marginally, venter with pronounced alar expansion, posterior cmnpressed, spinose, and extended below, truncate or concave above, surface smooth, reticulate tuberculate or spinose; hinge amphidont, in some species with crenulate median element; inner lamellae of narrow to medium width, radial canals moderate in number, vestibule narrow to absent; adductor 1nuscle scars a 1nedian vertical row of four spots the 1niddle two larger and an anterior V-shaped spot plus other spot(s). lTpper Cretaceous(?) to Recent.

Type species.-Oythereis jonesii Baird, Recent. Digmo pte ron Hill and Alatacythere J\iurray and Hus

sey are also placed in synony1ny with Pterygocythereis by van Morkhoven ( 1963, p. 215), but Howe (in Moore and others, 1961, p. 260-263) considers them to be distinct genera on basis of hinge structure.

Pterygocythereis sp. aft'. P. americana (Ulrich and Bassler)

Plate 2, figures 7a-d; text figure 18

?Pterygocythereis sp. aff. P. americana (Ulrich and Bassler). Benson and Coleman, 1963, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 2, p. 22, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3.

Dlagnosis.-Shell subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, dorsum nearly straight, venter sinuous, converging posteriorly with dorsum, obtuse cardinal angles, anterior broadly curved, extended and coarsely spinose below ; posterior narrow, extended 1nedially, coarsely spinose below, truncate to slightly concave above, dorsum with narrow rim and expanded anterior eye tubercle. Venter strongly convex, flattened, with sub1narginal alaform ridge, highest posteriorly; posterior fifth of shell com-

JfmuRE 18.-Pterygocythcrcis sp, aff. P. americana (Ulrich and Bassler). Interior of imperfect ,left valve; locality NC-2.


pressed; venter with marginal ridge. Internal shell structures not seen in present specimens.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 2, fig. 7a) 0.86 mm, height 0.46 mm, convexity 0.48 mm.

Rentarks.-This form is similar to the uncrested specimens described bY Benson and Coleman (1963, p. 22) now living off the Florida coast, except that the Recent specimens have longer alar spines.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality NC-2, Columbus County, N.C. A similar species has been recorded living in the eastern Gulf of Mexico.

S peeirnens studied.-Three. F·igrured specinwn.-USNM 649806.

Family BYTHOCYTHERIDAE Sars, 1926

Genus IONESIA Brady, 1866

JJiacrocytlwre Sars, 1926, An account of the Crustacea df Norway, Bergen Mus., pts 18 and 19, p. 240 (obj. syn. of Jonesia as they both have the same type species).

Luvula Coryell and Fields, 1937, Am. Mus. Novitates, no. 956, p. 13.

Macrocytherina Coryell and Fields, 1937, Am. Mus. Novitates, no. 956, p. 16.

Elongate-lanceolate, anterior rounded, posterior acuminate, compressed; valves in general compressed, smooth; hinge lophodont to nearly adont; inner lamellae broad anteriorly, zone of concrescence narrow; adductor muscle scar an anteromedian obliquely subvertical row of several spots. Miocene to Recent.

Type speoies.-Oythere S'implew Norman, Recent.

Ionesia howei (Puri) Plate 4, figure 11

Luvula howei Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 239, pl. 15, fig. 11; text fig. 13b.

Diagnosis.-Shell elongate-sublanceolate; dorsal and ventral 1nargins gently convex; anterior 1nargin rounded, posterior margin acuminate, extended n1edially. LV slightly larger than RV; valves rather compressed; most eon vex posteromedially; posterior caudake area com pressed ; anterior narrow marginal area compressed; median small node with postjacent pit. General surface smooth. Internal features of shell not seen.


Renwrks.-Because of the similarity in external and in known internal shell features of J onosia and Luvula Puri, the present writer follows Moore and others (1961, p. 268) in placing the latter genus in synonymy.

Occ,urrence.-Rare in Wacca1naw Formation, locality . SC-lb, Horry County, S.C.; elsewhere the species occurs in the Chocta watche.e Formation (of former

usage) of Florida and the middle part of the Yorktown Formation of Virginia.

Specinwns studied.-One. Figured spechnen.-USNM 649950.

Family CYTHERETTIDAE Triebel, 1952

Genus CYTHERETTA Muller, 1894

Pseudocytheretta Cushman, 1906, Boston Soc. Nat. History Proc., v. 32, p. 382.

Cylindrus Neviani, 1928, Pontificia Acad. delle Sci., Rome Mem., Sec. 2, v. 11, p. 72, 106 [not Deshayes, 1824, nor Fitinger, 1833, nor Herrmannsenn 1852].

Prionocytheretta. Mehes, 1941, Geol. Hungarica, Ser. Paleont., pt. 16, p. 60.

Subquadrate, ends rounded, valves strongly convex, LV larger and higher than RV, surface pitted, ridged, reticulate or nearly smooth, hinge holamphidont with large teeth and sockets; im1er la1nellae broad, especially ventrally, no vestibule; radial canals nmnerous, long and sinuous, irregularly spaced, in part branching and with bulbous expansions; adductor muscle scars an anteromedian vertical row of four spots and a more anterior crescentic or V -sha peel spot. Eocene to Recent.

Type species.-0. r1..tbra Muller, Recent.

Cytheretta cf. C. calhounensis Smith Plate 6, figure 14

Oytheretta calhounensis Smith, 1941, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 25, p. 283, pl. 1, figs. 12, 13; pl. 3, figs. 2, 15. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 283, pl. 7, figs. 8, 9.

Diagnosi.s.-Elongate-subquadrate; dorsal and ventral margins nearly straight and about three-fourths of shell length; terminal1nargins broadly curved, anterior slightly extended below, posterior slightly extended above. LV larger than RV, extending beyond it ventrally and in cardinal areas. Valves mocle.rately convex; greatest convexity posteromedian. J\IIedian t"\vo-thirds of valve surfaces bear rwther broad low longitudinal ridges, in part bifurcate; closely spaced. Internal shell features not observed.

Length of figured specimen 1.'20 mm, height 0.58 mm, convexity 0.55 mm.

Ocmtrrence.-Locality SC-5, Horry County, S.C.; previously described only from the Miocene Chipola Formation of Florida. The specimen illustrated is weathered in appearance and may have been reworked.

Specirnens studied.-One. Figured 8pecimen.-USNM 649503.

Family HEMICYTHERIDAE Puri, 1953

Genus ORIONINA Puri, 1953

Subquadrate, anterior rounded, posterior extended below, truncate or concave above, surface more or less


strongly reticulate, typically with one or more oblique longitudinal ridges, eye tubercle, spinose anterior marginal rim, hinge holamphidont, inner lamellae moderately broad, vestibule may or may not occur, line of concrescence straight to highly sinuous, radial canals numerous; on interior surface rounded pillarlike shell growths may occur anteriorly both in zone of concrescence and beyond edge of ini1er margin; adductor 1nuscle scar a vertical row of four spots anteriorly from middle two of which two more spots are split off and additional more anterior spots. Miocene to Recent.

TyzJe species.-Oythere vaughani Ulrich and Bassler, Miocene.

J ugosocytherei.s Puri has been placed in synonymy with Orionina by Sylvester-Bradley (in Moore and others, 1961, p. 339) but the type of Jugosocythereis, Oythereis bicarinata Swain has entirely different shell features in the present writer's opinion.

Orionina vaughani (Ulrich and Bassler) Plate 4, figures 4a-e; text figure 19

Oythe1·e vaughani (Ulrich and Bassler), 1004, Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene volume, p.109, pl. 38, figs. 25-27.

Oythereis vaughani (Ulrich and Bassler) Howe and others, 1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 25, pl. 3, figs. 24, 25 ; pl. 4, fig. 13. Coryell and Fields, 1937, Am. Mus. Novitates, no. 956, p. 9, fig. lOa. Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 522, pl. 87, figs. 27, 28. van den Bold, 1946, Contr. Study Ostracoda, p. 88, pl. 10, fig. 1. van den Bold, 1950, Jour. Paleontology, v. 20, p. 83.

Traohyleberis vaughan,i (Ulrich and Bassler). Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Pape,r 234---A, p. 37, pl. 6, figs. 6, 7. Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 794, pl. 82, fig. 14.

Orionina vaughani (Ulrich and Bassler). Puri, 19'54, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 254, pl. 12, figs. 15, 16; text figs. 8a-c. McLean, 1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 88, pl. 11, figs. 6a, b. van den Bold, 1963a, Jour. Paleontology, v. 37, p. 44, pl. 4, figs. 1-6; text fig. 5, 6-8. vun den Bold, 1963b, Micropaleontology, v. 9, p. 386, pl. 6, fig. 7.

Diagnosis.-Subquadrate, highest anteriorly, dorsum nearly straight, venter slightly concave medially, anterior broadly curved, extended below; posterior narrower, strongly extended, rounded and eoarsely spinose below, concave above; LV slightly larger than RV, valves compressed; free margins with narrmv rim; three principal longitudinal ridges, the ventral bifurcate and double anteriorly; anterodorsal short subvertical ridge containing eye tuberele; two posterior short subvertical ridges at ends of longitudinal ridges; general surface with deep pits and intervening short ridges; anterior valve margins finely spinose; venter flattened by expansion of ventral ridge and ·with narrmv submarginal ridges.

Hinge of RV ·with anterior rounded tooth, posterojacent socket, interterminal crenulate groove and posterior notched tooth; inner lame1lae of moderate width,

266-183 0-67---4

anteriorly, with three to four rounded pillars near inner margin; radial canals numerous and closely spaced; muscle scar with vertical row of four spots; two more spots split off frmn middle two, and additional two or three more anterior antenna! spots.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 4, fig. 4a) 0.70 mm, height 0.39mm, convexity 0.33 mm.

OcC'ltrrence.-Frequent to common in Waccamaw Formation at }ocalities SC-2, SC-3, and SC-4, Jiorry County, S.C.; rare at locality NC-1, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at locality NC-3, Columbus County, N.C. The species occurs widely in theY orktown Formation of the middle Atlantic Coastal Plain, the Duplin Marl of North Carolina, and the Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage) of Florida, upper Miocene.

Specirn1ens studied.-Thirty-five. F igu1'ed speci'lrwn.._r;; .-lTSNM 649932-649936.

FIGURE 19.-0rionina vaughani (Ulrich and Bassler). Interior of right valve; locality NC-1.

Genus MUTILUS Neviani 1928

Subquadrate, short and high, anterior rounded, posterior narrower, truncate or concave above, posteriorly ridgelike shell surface projects above dorsal margin in side view, small ventral alae, posterior eompressed; surface coarsely reticulate; median swelling obscured by ornamentation, venter flattened; hinge holamphidont; inner lamellae fairly broad, vestibule narrow to absent, radial canals fairly numerous; adductor muscle scars a median vertical row of four with the second from top paired and additional 1nore anterior spots. Miocene to Recent.

Type species.-OytheTeis ( lf;frutilus) laticancellata N eviani, Pliocene.

Mutilus confragosa (Edwards) Plate 4, figures 8a-e; plate 5, figures 5a-c; plate 7, figures 3a-c

Hcmicytlzere contragosa 11Jdwards. 19:1:4, Jour. Paleontology, Y.

18, p. 518, pl. 86, figs. 23-26. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234---A, p. 43, pl. 6, figs. 13, 14. Puri, 1953, Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 43, p. 176, pl. 1, figs. 4-6. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 266, pl. 11, figs. lOa-12. van den Bold, 1958, Micropaleontology, v. 4, p.


71. Brown, 1958, North Carolina Dept. Conserv. and Devel. Bull. 72, p. 66, pl. 7, fig. 1.

Mutilus confragosa (Edwards). Puri, 1960, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 10, p. 130. Swain, 1967, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 101.

A.urila contragosa (Edwards). van den Bold, 1963b, Microvaleontology, v. H, p. 38G, pl. 8, fig. 1.

Dia.gnosis.-Shell, medium sized, subrhmnboidal, highest one-third :to one-fourth from anterior end, clorsmn nearly straight, ahnost half shell length, cardinal angles obtuse, venter slightly sinuous; anterior broadly curved, extended below ; posterior end narrower, sharply extended below, concave above. LV larger than, and overreaches, RV in dorsal half; valves moderately co~1vex; greatest conve.xity ventrmnedian. Rim along free margins; ventral surface with ala£orm longitudinal ridge that produces flat venter; anterodorsal eye tubercle and adjacent irregular submarginal furrow; posterior fifth sharply emnpressed; general surface with large pits and retieulating ridges; several of latter are strongest in longitudinal direction; posterodorsal cardinal area with angulated ridge that extends forward and downward for a third or more of shell length.

H,inge of RV an anterior rounded tooth, postj acent socket, interterminal groove, broadened at posterior end and posterior reniform tooth; inner lamellae moderately broad, narrow vestibule, radial canals fairly numerous and closely spaced; muscle scar not seen clearly.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 4, fig. Sc) 0.56 1nm, height 0.35 m1n, convexity 0.31 mm.

Remarks.-The shape, surface ornamentation, and internal structure of this species are closer to llf'lttihts than to other genera to which it has been assigned. The form fron1 the Miocene of Trinidad assigned to the species by Bold is much less strongly ornamented than the specimen :from the Middle Atlantic States and may be another species.

Ocmtrrence.-The species is rare to abundant at nearly all of the Waccamaw locations sampled, except locality SC-1, Horry County, S.C. The species was described from the Duplin Marl and is also in the up,per part of the Yorktown Formation in several localities in North Carolina and in the Choctawhatchee Formation (of fonner usage), upper Miocene, and in Recent deposits of Florida and Gulf of Oalifornia.

Specimens st'ltdied.-One hundred and fifty-six. Fig'lt.red specimens.-lTSNM 649943-6499±7, 649959,

649961.

Genus CAUDITES Coryell and Fields, 1937

Subtrapezoidal, anterior rounded; posterior compressed, with narrow caudate extension below, eoncave or truncate above; LV larger than RV, sn1all eye tubereles, dimorphic, 1nales more elongate, anterior margina~ rim, discontinuous dorsal submarginal ridges, medmn and ventral longitudinal ridges, posterior

median subvertieal ridge ( s), anteromedian swelling or tubercles; holamphidont hinge, inner lamellae moderately broad, vestibule anteriorly and very small one posteriorly, radial eanals numerous, anteriorly several rounded pillarlike growths on interior surface, adductor muscle sear an anteromedian divided row of four s,pots, the middle two paired, and more anterior spots. Eocene to Recent.

Type species.-0. 1nedia.lis Coryell and Fields, Miocene.

Caudites sellardsi (Howe and Neill) Plate 6, figures 12a, b

Hemic11tllere sellm·dsi Howe and Neill, 1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 29, pl. 2, figs. 6, 10.

OaudUes sellardsi (Howe and Neill). Puri, 1953, W·ashington Acad. Sci.Jour., v. 43, p. 176, pl. 2, fig. b. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol Survey Bull. 36, p. 265, pl. 11, fig. 17. van den Bold, 1958, Micropaleontology, v. 4, table 1. [part].

not 0. sellard8i (Howe and Neill). van den Bold, 1957, Micropaleontology, v. 3, p. 2.39, pl. 3, fig. 8 [fide van den Bold, 1963, Micropaleontology, v. 9, p. 386].

Dia.gn.oshs.-Subquadrate-suhtrapezoidal in side view, highest one-fourth fron1 anterior end; dorsum nearly straight, anterior cardinal angle elevated; venter slightly concave medially, anterior broadly eurved, slightly extended below; posterior margin caudate, strongly extended below, coneave above; valves eompre~sed, LV slightly larger than RV and overlaps it in cardinal areas. Free 1nargins with smooth slightly elevated rim; anterodorsal rounded, elevated eye tubercle; vertical ridge from posterocardinal angle to near venter, where it makes right-angle bend forward to midlength. Internal shell characters not seen in present specimens but were deseribed by Howe and Neill.

Length of figured shell (pl. 6, fig. 12a) 0.63 mm, height 0.35 1nm, convexity 0.18 mm.

Occu,'f'rence.-The species is rare in the Wacea1naw Formation at locality NC-3, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locality NC-1, Colun1bus County, N.C.; rare at locality NC-4, Columbus County, N.C. The species also occurs in the Area zone of the Choetawhatchee Formation (of former usage) of Florida, and has been reported in lower to upper Miocene beds of Trinidad.

Specirnens studied.-Four. F·igured specimen.-lTSNM 649501.

Caudites 1 sp. Plate 5, figures 6a, b; plate 6, figure 18; plate 7, figures 8a-~

Dia.gnasis.-Subquadrate-subreniform, highest onefourth from anterior end, dorsum slightly convex, eardinal angles broadly obtuse; venter eoncave medially, anterior broadly curved, extended below; posterior narrower, angulated medially, trunc.ate above and below; valves subequal, LV slightly the larger. Free 1nargins with narrow submarginal rim; anterodorsally an


oblique eye tubercle; general median surface nearly smooth, although son1ew hat irregular; posterior end compressed. In dorsal view LV margin extends over RV in cardinal area.

Hinge of RV an anterior high pointed tooth, posterojacent rounded socket, intertenninal bar and subjacent rabbet groove formed in valve edge, and posterior pointed tooth; inner la1nellae of moderate width, vestibule present but narrow; radial canals very numerous and closely spaced; three large pillars anteriorly, adjacent to inner margin; muscle scar not clearly seen but apparently consists of a median vertical row of spots, and two more anterior spots.

Length of figured ~pecimen 0.52 mm, height 0.28 mm, convexity 0.22 mm. Renwrh~s.-The general outline, surface ornamenta

tion, and hingement of this species are like Oa'ltdites, but the posterior outline is less caudate than typical for the genus.

Occurrence.-Rare in \Vaccama w Formation at localities NC-3, Columbus County, and NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C., also in the Duplin Marl at Walkers Bluff, N.C.

Specimens studied.-Three. Fig'ltred specimens.-lTSNM 649962, 649502.

Genus A URILA Pokorny, 1955

Auris Neviani, 1928, Pontificia Acad. delle Sci., Rome, Mem., Sec. 2, v. 11, p. 72, 94 [not Spix, 1827].

Mutilus (Aurila) Pokorny, van Morkhoven, 1963, Post-Palaeozoic Ostracoda, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 138.

Subovate, almond sha peel, anterior rounded, extended below, posterior more or less pointed, also extended below, dorsum strongly arched, surface reticulate, pitted, ridged concentrically in terminal areas, eye tubercle, hinge holamphidont, inner lamellae moderately broad, radial canals numerous and closely spaced, vestibule narrow or absent, adductor muscle scars an anteromedian row of four spots the middle two or upper middle spots paired, and more anterior spots. Oligocene to Recent.

Type speC'ies.-Oythere con1.Mxa Baird, Recent. Although van Morkhoven refers to A urila as a sub

genus of lllutihts, the latter is a differently constructed shell especially in its posterior compression and ridging. He apparently depended heavily on similar muscle scars to relate the two genera.

Aurila conradi conradi (Howe and McGuirt) Plate 5, figures 7a-i; text figure 20

Hcmicytllcrc conradi Howe and McGuirt, 1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 31-34; pl. 4, fig. 17. Edwards, 19-!4, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 518, pl. 86, figs. 17-18. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 42, pl. 6, figs. 9-12. Puri, 1953, Washington Acad. Sci.

Jour., v. 43, p. 176, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2 ; Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 206. Swain, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, p. 635, pl. 62, figs. 3a-c.

L4_urila conradi (Howe and McGuirt). 1\icLt-an, 1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38. no. 167, p. 94, pl. 11, figs. 7a, b.

Aurila conradi (Hmve and McGuirt). Puri, 1960, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 10, p. 129, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10. Hulings and Puri. 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33. supp., p. 323, fig. 12A.

L4_urila conradi conradi (Howe and McGuirt), Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda. Art. 8, p. 48, pl.17,figs.1,2,12,13.

Dia,gnosis.-Almond shaped, dimorphic, highest medially in fe1nales, antermnedially in more elongate males; dorsum moderately to strongly arched, venter gently curved to slightly sinuous; anterior rounded, strongly extended below; posterior narrowly rounded, strongly extended ventromedially. LV larger than RV; valves moderately convex, greatest convexity median to posteromedian. Surface ornamentation consists of anterior and ventral submarginal ridge, an inner ventral ridge, posterior and posterodorsal submarginal ridge, anterodorsal oblique eye tubercle and subjacent furrow ; genera 1 surface eoarsely and deeply reticulate.

Hinge of RV with anterior knoblike tooth, posterojacent triangular socket, interterminal groove broadened at ends, and posterior reniform tooth ; inner lamellae of moderate width, narro'v vestibule, numerous closely spaced radial eanals; 1nuscle scar a curved row of four spots, of which middle two are subdivided, and two or more additional anterior spots.

Length of figured female shell (pl. 5, fig. 7e) 0.70 mm, height 0.48 mm, convexity 0.±0 mm; length of male shell (pl. 5, fig. 7d) 0.66 mm, height 0.±1 mm, convexity 0.36 mm.

Occurrence.-The species oecurs widely in the Choctawha1tchee Formation (of fonner usage), Duplin :Marl, and upper part of the Yorktown Formation of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Florida. Rare to common in

~•• • •

FIGURE 20.-L4_urila conradi (Howe and McGuirt). Interior of left valve; locality NC-1.


the Waccamaw Format1ion at. most of the localities studied, but was not found at locality SC-1, Horry County, S.C.

Specim.ens studied.-One hundred and eleven. Figured spechnens.-USNM 649964-649972.

Aurila laevicula (Edwards) Plate 5, figure 12

Hcmicythcre lacvicula l<Jdwards, 1944, .Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 518, pl. 86, figs. 27-30.

Diagnosi8.-Elongate, almond shaped, highest medially; dorsum moderately arched, venter nearly straight, slightly sinuous; anterior margin rounded, extended below, truneate above. LV slightly larger than RV, overreaehing dorsally; eonvexity of V!alves moderate. Surfaee densely and finely pitted; near free margins pits are arranged eoncentrieally; ventrally there are one or two low narrow, submarginal ridges. Inten1al features not seen in present speci·men,. and were not described in detail by Edwards.


Rmnarks.-The outline, overlap relationships, and surface ornamentation of this species suggest that it should be placed in A urlla rather than in H emicythere.

Occurrence.-Waccamaw Formation, locality SC-5, Horry County, S.C.; originally described 1as rare in Duplin Marl near Lumberton, N.C.

Specirnens studied.-One. Fig~tred spechnen.-USNM 649980.

Family LOXOCONCHIDAE Sars, 1925

Genus LOXOCONCHA Sars, 1866

Loxoleber·is Sars, 1866, Oversigt af norges marine Ostracoder, p. 130 [error].

Norrnania Brady, 1866, Zool. Soc. I.ondon Trans., v. 5, p. 382.

Subrhomboidal, ends rounded, posterior extended above, anterior extended below, sur:face reticulate, pitted, ridged, nodose or nearly smooth, eye tubercle, hinge gongylodont (yolked terminal teeth and sockets), intertenninal bar and groove crenulate, inner lamellae fairly broad, terminal vestibules, few radial canals, adductor muscle scars a median vertical row of four unpaired spots and more anterior ·and anteroventral spots, upper one typically crescentic. Cretaeeous to Recent.

Type species.-Oythere rhmnbo·idea Fischer, 1855, Recent.

Loxoconcha wilberti Puri Plate 3, figures 6a-c; plate 7, figure 6; text figures 21A, B

Loxoconcha wilberti Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 274, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2; text figs. lOa, b.

Diagnosis.-Shell oblong, dorsum straight, venter nearly straight, subparallel to dorsum; terminal mar-

gins broadly curved, anterior extended below, posterior extended above; surface with coarse reticulate ridge pattern, concentrically arranged in marginal areas; posteriorly and posteroventrally ooncentric ridges are more prominent; free margins with narrow eompressed rim. LV hinge with yolklike anterior socket and beadlike tooth, intertenninal faintly crenulate groove and posterior yolklike lobed tooth and small socket, inner lamellae broad anteriorly, with vestibule; about 12 anterior radial canals with funneled inner ends; muscle scar a vertical row of :four spots and two more anterior spots, the upper one crescentic.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 3, fig. 6a) 0.65 mm, height 0.40 mm, convexity 0.33 mm.

Occ~trrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality NG-5, Brunswick County, N.C.; and at loCJality NC-1, Columbus County, N.C. The species was previously de-

A

~

• • • c , , .. '· B

D

FIGURE 21.-Loxoconclw uJilbe·rti Puri. A, Interior of right valve. B, Adductor muscle scar; locality NC-1. 0, D, Lo;roconcha purisub1·hombo,idea Edwards, muscle scars of female and male shells; locality SC-4.


scribed from the Choeta whatchee Formation (of former usage), upper Miocene of Florida.

Specim.ens studied.-Three. FigtM'ed speci'lnens.-lTSNM 649915-649917.

Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea Edwards Plate 3, figures 7a-e; plate 7, figure 7; text figures 210, D

Loxoconcha subrhomboidea Edwards, 1944 [not Brady, 1880], Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 527, pl. 88, figs. 28-32. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 25, pl. 2, figs. 18, 19. Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 787.

Lomoconcha purisubrhornboidea Edwards, new name, in Puri, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 270. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 274, pl. 10, fig. 8; text fig. 10h. McLean, 1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 71, pl. 7, figs. 4a-e.

Diagnosi.s-.-Subquadrate-ovate (female) to subelliptical-ovate (male) , highest 1nedially; dorsum gently convex to nearly straight, venter sinuous, slightly concave anteromedially ~ terminal margins rounded, anterior broader than posterior and extended below; posterior extended above. Valves equal, moderately convex, greatest convexity 1nedian to posteromedian. Surface finely pitted~ margins with narrow rim. Hinge and marginal structures are as shown in text figures 210, D; muscle soar a median subvertical crescentic row of four spots~ two more anterior spots, the dorsal one curved.

Length of figured female speoimen (pl. 3, fig. 7e) 0.64 mm, height 0.36 mm, convexity 0.31 mm.

Oc(}'Urrence.-Frequent to common in the Waceama"' at localities SC-2, SC-3, SC-4, and SC-5, Horry County, S.C. Rare in Waccan1aw Formation at locality NC-3, Columbus County, N.C.; frequent at locality NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C. Rare in Pleistocene, Longs, S.C. The species was described from the Duplin Marl, upper Miocene of North Carolina, and occurs throughout the Miocene of the Atlantic. Coastal region.

Specimens studied.-Forty-four. Figured specimens.-USNM 649918-649920, 650015.

Loxoconcha reticularis Edwards Plate 4, figures 2a-f. 3; text figure 22

Loa:oconcha reticularis Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 527, pl. 88, figs. 26, 27. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 274, pl. 10, fig. 7; text fig. 10e. Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 786, pl. 80, figs. 13-17. McLean, 1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 72, pl. 7, figs. 5a-:b.

Loa:oconcha cf. L. reticularis Edwards. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 26.

Diagnosi.s-.-Subquadrate-subovate, highest one-third from anterior end, dorsum slightly sinuous, venter gently convex in males to nearly straight and subparallel to dorsum in females. Valves subequal, LV slightly larger; valves strongly convex; greatest convexity

ventromedian; surface with deeply reticulate pattern of pits and ridges; ridges markedly eoneentric in arrangement terminally and ventrally; 1nargins bear a smooth narrow rim; terminal and posteroventral marginal areas compressed. Internal shell structure is shown in text figure 22.

Length of figured fmnale specimen (pl. 4, fig. 2a) 0.51 min, height 0.31 mm, convexity 0.28 mm. Length of figured male specimen (pl. 4, fig. 2c) 0.49 mm, height 0.28 mm, convexity 0.24 mm.

FIGURE 22.-Loa:oconcha reticularis Edwards. Interior of left valve ; locality SC-4.

Occurrence.-Rare to frequent in Waccamaw Formation at localities SC-2, SC-4, and SC-5, Horry County, S.C. Rare in Waccamaw Formation at locality NC-3, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locality NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C.; frequent at locality NC-1, Columbus County. The species was described from the Duplin Marl, upper Miocene of North Carolina, and occurs throughout the Miocene of the Atlantic Coastal region.

S peeimens studied.-Twenty -two. Figured specimens.-USNM 649925-649931.

Genus PTEROLOXA Swain, 1963

Small, subquadrate, posterior narrower than anterior, LV slightly larger than RV, moderately convex, surface pitted or reticulate and with low ventral alate expansion, hinge gongylodont, inner lamellae narrow to moderate in width, radial eanals few, vestibule narrm-Y or absent, adductor muscle sears a vertical row of three or four spots and additional more anterior spot ( s) . Pliocene ( ? ) , Pleistocene to Recent.

Type species.-P. ?Jenipuncta S·wain, Pleistocene.

Pteroloxa 1 sp. Plate 4, figure 9

Diagnosis.-Shell small, subquadrate, highest anteromedially; dorsal margin straight and three-fourths of shell length; anterior cardinal angle slightly more obtuse than posterior; ventral margin slightly convex,


subparallel to dorsum; anterior margin broadly curved, slightly extended below, truncate above; posterior margin with dorsomedian small projection, subtruncate .below and above. Valves subequal, moderately convex, greatest convexity posteromedian; valves compressed behind.

A narrow rim extends around free margins; posteroventral sub1narginal zone 'vith narrow ridge; oblique longitudinal ridge slightly dorsal of 1niclheight; several additional short oblique ridges in anterodorsal area; remainder of valve surface with short irregular ridges as illustrated. Internal shell features not observed.

Length of shell 0.33 1nm, height 0.18 mm, convexity 0.17 mm.

Re1JW/rks.-This species has a low posteroventral alaform ridge like that typical of Pteroloxa but is of questionable generic position because of the lack of knowledge of its internal shell features. It somewhat resembles Pteroloxa guay11wnensi:.s Swain (1967) from the Recent of the Gulf of California, but has a different pattern of surface ornamentation.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Fonnation, locality SC-3, Horry County, S.C.

Speci11wns st1.tdied.-One.

Figured specimen.-USNM 649948.

Genus 'CYTHEROMORPHA Hirschmann 1909

Subovate, subrenifonn or subquadrate, small, compressed, anterior margin extended below, broader than posterior, vente-r concave or sinuous, surface smooth, finely pitted, or finely reticulate., hinge gongylodont, crenulate intertenninal bar and groove, inner lamellae of moderate width, vestibules present, radial canals few, line of concrescence scalloped owing to funnel-shaped opening of radial canals, adductor 1nuscle scars a 1nedian vertical row of four spots and Inore anterior spots, upper one curved. Paleocene. Recent.

Type species.-0. albula Hirschmann, Recent.

Cytheromorpha curta Edwards


Oythet·omorpha. curta Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 516, pl. 86, figs. 19--22. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 49, pl. 7, fig. 22.

Diagnosis.-Shell small, subovate, almond shaped in side view, highest anteromedially, dorsum moderately convex, truncated to slightly notched posteriorly; venter sinuous, concave antermnedially; terminal margins broadly curved, the anterior somewhat extended below, the posterior extended above. Valves subequal, the LV slightly larger; valves compressed, greatest convexity median. Surface densely and finely pitted; interspaces

equal to or exceeding diameter of pits. Middorsally, pits are arranged in two anteriorly curved subparallel rows possibly representing an incipient median sulcus; Inargins of valves with smooth narrow rim. Internal features not observed in pre.sent specimens but were described by Edwards (1944).

Length of figured specimen 0.37 m1n, height 0.27 mm, convexity 0.18 mn1.

Occzt.rrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation at localities SC-1 and SC-4, Horry County, S.C. The species ranges upward frmn the St. Marys Formation, 1niddle Miocene in the Middle Atlantic region. It is living in Pamlico Sound.

Speci'lnens studied.-Two.

F·igured specimens.-USNM 649976, 649977.

Genus LOXOCORNICULUM Benson and Coleman, 1963

Similar in nearly all shell features to Loxoconcha but has posteroclorsal nodes on both valves. Miocene to Recent.

Type species.-Oythere fischeri Brady, Recent.

The present writer believes this genus represents ecologic variants of species of Loxoconcha, but is using the name until someone has made a detailed study of the problem.

Loxocorniculum sp. Plate 3, figures Sa, b; plate 4, figure 1

Shell subovate, highest medially, dorsal margin gently convex, passing with only slight, very obtuse angulation into terminal1nargins; ventral margin slightly concave anteromedially; anterior margins rounded, extended below, subtruncate above; posterior 1nargin rounded, strongly extended above. Terminal and posteroventral n1argins with narrow low rims; anterior fourth of valve surface weakly and finely pitted; posterodorsallarge, low, rounded node; anterodorsal smaller and lower eye tubercle. Internal shell structure not observed.

Length of figured specimen 0.50 mm, height 0.31Inm, convexity 0.24 mm.

Remarks.-The shape of this for1n is very much like that of Loxoconcha 'l'lwmboidea. (Fischer), but the postdorsal node is indicative of Loxocornimtlum of Benson and Coleman. Too few specimens are available in the present eollection to enable adequate comparisons to be 1nade with deseribed species.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation, locality SC-5, Horry County, S.C. The species was also obtained from the Pleistoeene, Longs, S.C.

8 pecimens studied.-Three. Figv/red specinwns.-USNM 649921, 649922, 649924.


Family CAM:PYLOCYTHERIDAE Puri, 1960 (from CAM:PYLOCYTHERINAE Puri, 1960)

Inclusion of genera listed here in Hemicytheridae (Puri, 19()0; Hazel, 1967) is not followed because that family typically has divided adductor muscle sears.

Genus BASSLERITES Howe, 1937

Basslerella Howe, 1935, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 13, p. 30 [not Kellett, 1935].

Ovate-elliptical, ends rounded, LV larger than RV; surface smooth, wrinkled, or with posterior thlipsuroicl lobate depression of surface; hinge holamphidont, heavily developed for size of shell; inner lamellae narrow, vestibule narrow or absent, a few to moderate number of radial canals in part anastamosing toward shell interior, adductor muscle sear an anteromedian vertical row of four spots and additional more anterior spot ( s)' upper one crescentic. Miocene to Reeent.

Type specie8.-B asslerella tniocenica Howe, Mioeene.

Basslerites giganticus Edwards Plate -!, figure 6; text figure 23

Basslerites giganticus Edwards. 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 521, pl. 87, figs. 19-23. Swain, 1952. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 23-!-A, p. 47, text figs. 3c-g.

Basslerites cf. B. giganticu,s Edwards. Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 280, pl. 8, figs. 10, 11 ; text fig. 11k.

Diagnosis.-Large, subquadrate, dorsum nearly straight with eardinal areas slightly elevated, about three-fourths shell length; venter nearly straight, very slightly concave medially; anterior and posterior margins broadly and nearly unifonnly rounded, the posterior narrower. LV larger than RV, eonvexity moderate, greatest posteromedially. Surface with weak pits more or less longitudinally arranged; shallow cardinal notches. Hinge of immature? LV with terminal small sockets and interterminal faintly erenulate bar formed of slightly extended valve edge; inner lamellae narrow, vestibule not developed; adductor sears a vertieal row of four spots and two more anterior spots, the upper one ereseentie; sears lie in anteromedian depression on interior of valve; about six muscle scars lie dorsally,

FIGURE 23.-Basslerites giganticus Edwards. Interior of immature left valve in which hinge and marginal zone are only weakly developed; locality NC-1.

three of whieh are in longitudinal row just below dorsum.

Length of figured specimen 0.96 nun, height 0.50 mn1, eonvexity 0.15 mm.

Occurrence.-Rare in Waecamaw Formation at locality NC-1, Colmnbus County, N.C. The speeies was described from the Duplin Marl, upper Miocene of North Carolina, and also oeeurs in the Choetawhatchee Formation (of fonner usage) of Florida and the Y orkto~wn Formation of the Middle Atlantic. region.

S pecitnerus st1tdied.-One. Fig,nred specimerz.~.-USNM 649939.

Genus CAM:PYLOCYTHERE Edwards, 1944

Acuticythereis Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 519.

Elongate-ovate to elliptical, posterior narrower than anterior, LV slightly larger than RV, rather emupressed; surface s1nooth, pitted, or reticulate; hinge holamphidont, inner lamellae 1noderate to narrow in width, vestibule present, radial canals fairly nmnerous, in part bunehed along line of concrescence, adductor n1uscle sears a 1nedian vertical row of four spots and more anterior spots. Miocene to Recent.

Type species.-0. la.e1Ja Edwa,rds, Miocene. Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards)

Plate 6, figures la, b, 2a-b, 3, 6, 8; plate 7, figures 9a, b; text figures 24, 25A, B

Ac1tticythereis la.e·vissima Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 519, pl. 87, figs. 4-11. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 42. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli; v. 33, supp., p. 323, fig. 12A.

Acuticythe1·eis laevissirna, punctata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 520, pl. 87, fig~. 12, 13.

Oarnpylocythere laevissirna (Edwards). Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 785, pl. 80, figs. 4--6.

Diagnosis.-Subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, highest one-fourth from anterior end; dorsum ne-ady straight, anterior eardinal angle n1ore obtuse than posterior; venter gently convex, converging strongly with dorsu1n toward posterior, anterior broadly curved, extended

FIGURE 24.-0ampylocytlleJ·e laevissima (Edwards). Interior of left valve; locality NC-5.


below, subtrunca.te above; posterior 1nuch narrower in male dimorphs, broader in females, extended to sharply angulated medially, subtrunea.te above; LV larger than RV, overreaching along free margins; valves moderately convex, greatest convexity posteromedian. Weak eye tubercle and subjacent oblique furrow anterodorsally; median and posteromedian valve surface of some speci1nens weakly and finely to coarsely

-I! ~ . s . .. A

B

FIGURE 25.-0ampylocythere laevissima ptmctata (Edwards). A, Interior of left valve. B, Anterior marginal zone: locality NC-1.

pitted, other speci1nens are smooth. Posterior marginal zone compressed.

Hinge of RV oonsists of low anterior pyramidal tooth, posterojacent s1nall open socket, interterminal crenulate furrow and posterior lobate tooth. Inner lamellae narrow, vestibule present, radial canals fairly numerous anteriorly, in part bunched at indentations on line of concrescence. Muscle scar, a vertical row of four and two 1nore anterior spots.

Length of figured male specimens (pl. 6, fig. 2a) 0.68 mm, height 0.35 mm, convexity 0.33 mm. Length of a female shell (pl. 6, fig. 6) 0.78 mm, height 0.40 1nm, convexity 0.36 mm.

Ocett.rrence.-The species is frequent in Waccamaw For1nation at locality NC-3, Columbus County, N.C.: rare ~at locality NC-1, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locality NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C.; rare at locality NC-4, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locality SC-2, Horry Cotmty, S.C. The species also occurs in the Duplin Marl of North Carolina and the upper part of the St. Marys and ~orktown Formations of North Carolina and Virginia.

Specimens st~tdied.-Seventeen. Figured specimens.-USNM 649982-649985, 649989,

649992, 650017.

Campylocythere multipunctata (Edwards) Plate 6, figures 5a-d; text figure 26

Acuticythereis multipunctata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 520, pl. 87, figs. 14-16. Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 42, text fig. 3m, n.

Diagnosis.-Subquadrate to sublanceolate, highest one-third from anterior end, dorsum slightly convex with broadly obtuse, poorly defined cardinal angles. Venter nearly straight to slightly convex, converging strongly with dorsum towa.rd posterior; anterior broadly curved, extended below; posterior narrm·v, strongly extended to subacuminate medially. LV larger than RV, overreaching along venter; convexity mod-

FIGURE 26.-0arnpylocythere multipu,nctata (Edwards). Interior of left valve; Duplin ]"'ormation, Walkers Bluff, N.C.


erate, greatest convexity posteromedian; posterior end oon1pressed. Surface coarsely and deeply reticulate·; in part, ridges are prominent longitudinally.

Hingmnent and other internal features si1nilar to preceding species, but elements somewhat weaker, and reversal of hinge features from RV to LV observed by Edwards.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 6, fig. 5a) 0.60 mm, height 0.30 mm, convexity 0.28 mn1.

Occurrence.-Rare in Duplin Marl, at Walkers Bluff on southern bank of Cape Fear River 9 miles below Elizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C. The species was described frmn the Duplin Marl and apparently does not l"'ange outside the Duplin. It is listed here to provide a comparison with other Oan1>pylocythere in the Waccamaw.

S pecimews 8tudied.-Two. Fig·nred specimen.s.-USNM 649987, 649988.

·Campylocythere laeva Edwards Plate 2, figures 3a, b; plate 6, figures 7a-c; text figure 27

Gampylooythere laeva Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 514, pl. 86, figs. 8-14. Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 784, pl. 80, figs. 1-3. Hulings and Puri, 1965, Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 323, fig. 12a.

Diagnosis.-Subquadrate to subelliptical, highest n1edially to anteromedially, dorsum gently convex, venter slightly sinuous; anterior rounded, extended below ; posterior more narrmv ly curved in males, broadly curved in females, extended medially. LV larger than RV, overreaching ventrally; valves moderrately convex; greatest convexity median to posteromedian. Surface smooth. Hinge and other internal features are shown in text figure 27.

·-.-... I \ -. ., ..

• ,_J

FIGURE 27.-Campylocythere laet'a Edvmrds. Interior of left valve: locality NC-2.

Length of figured shell (pl. 6, fig. 7a) 0.77 mm, height 0.40 mm, convexity 0.37 mm.

Occul'J'ence.-Rare in vVaccama·w Formation locality SC-±, Horry County, S.C.; at localities :NC-2 and NC-3, Columbus County, N.C.; and at locality NC-5, Brunsvvick County, N.C. The species was described from the Duplin Marl of North Carolina and ranges throughout the Yorktown Formation, upper Miocene of Virginia and North Carolina. It lives off the west coast of Florida, where i't is found on clean sand bottom 1n euha.line shallow water (Hulings and Puri, 1965).

Spechnens studied.-Six. Figured spechnens.-USNM 649990, 649991.

Genus BENS·ONOCYTHERE Hazel, 1967

For diagnosis see Hazel (1967, p. 27). Oligocene(?), Miocene to Recent.

Type 8pecies.-Legtl/tninocyther·ei8 ·whitei Swain.

Bensonocythere whitei ((Swain) Plate 5, figures 4a, b ; text figure 28

LegtttninoCYythere,is 'ld1Hei Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 43. pl. 3, figs. 14, 16--18; pl. 4, fig. 1. Malkin, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 785--788, pl. 80, figs. 7-12.

Leguminocythereics ( ?) whitei Swain. McLean, 1957, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 80, pl. 9, figs. 4a-'b.

Triginglymus wkitei (Swain) Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr.. Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 36, pl. 15, figs. 2,

5, 6, 8, 9. Bensonooythe1·c whitei (Swain), Hazel, 1967, U.S. Geol. Survey

Prof. Paper 564, p. 27, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3, 8-10; pl. 10, figs.

1-8 ; pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.

Dia,gno8i8.-Elliptical to elongate-ovate, highest onefourth from anterior end; dorsum nearly straight, about four-fifths of shell length; venter slightly sinuous; anterior more broadly curved than posterior; LV larger than RV; female dimorphs less elongate and more convex posteromedially than males. Narrow ridge parallel to and just within free margins; a second ridge lies within first; a third anterodorsal ridge ; other irregular ridges over general surface in smne specimens form a roughly reticulate pattern, in others vertical elements are dominant. Hinge of RV an anterior oblique smooth tooth, posteroj acent shallow socket, narrow interterminal smooth groove, anteromedian "antislip tooth" projection, and posterior elongate subreniform tooth. Muscle scar with one or both of 1niddle spots of vertical row subdivided into two spots; inner lamellae of moderate width; little or no vestibule; radial canals most numer

ous anteroventrally. Length of figured specimen 0.65 1nm, height 0.38 m1n,

eonvexity 0.35 mm. Renwrk8.-Hazel (1967) has recently reviewed the

problems of classification of this species.


Occurrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation at localities NC-1 and NC-3, Columbus County, N.C., and at localities SC-1, and SC-2, Horry County, S.C. Elsewhere in the Atlantic Coastal Plain the species has been recorded from the lower part of the Choptank Formation to the top of the upper Miocene section. It was recorded in the subsurface lower Miocene or Oligocene of North Carolina (Swain, 1952, p. 44), but that occurrence is somewhat questionable. It is living in the Atlantic Ocean.

S pecinwn8 studied.-Two. Figured specimen8.-USNM 649958.

FIGURE 28.-Bensonocythere whitei (Swain). Interior of left valve; locality NC-1.

Family PECTOCYTHE,RIDAE Hauai, 1957

Genus MUNSEYELLA van den Bold, 1957

Toulminia Munsey, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 6 [not Zittel, 1878].

Small, subquadrate, posterior narrower than anterior, narrow marginal rim, other ridges on surface variably distributed, hinge of LV with anterior and posterior rounded teeth, small sockets behind and in front of teeth, respectively, and interterminal crenulate groove, converse in RV, inner lamellae fairly broad, vestibule present, line of concrescence sinuous, strongly so anteriorly, radial canals few, adductor muscle scars a vertical undivided row of four with additional more anterior sear ( s) . Paleoeene to Recent.

Type specie8.-Toul1ninia hyaloky8tis Murisey, Paleoeene.

Munseyella subminuta (Puri)

Plate 5, figures 3a-d; text figure 29

Oytheromorpha subminuta Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 267, p. 6, flgs. 9, 10.

Munseyella sub,minuta (Puri) van den Bold, 1958, Micropaleontology, v. 4, pl. 5, fig. 3. van den Bold 1963b, Micropaleontology, v. 9, p. 379, pis. 5, 6, fig. 3. Pooser, 1965, Kansas Univ. Paleont, Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 52, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2, 4.

Diagnosi8.-S1nall, sublaneeolate-subquadrate, highest anteriorly, dorsmn and venter nearly straight and eon verge posteriorly; anterior broadly eurved; posterior narrower. Valves subequal, eompressed, greatest eonvexity posteromedian. Marginal smooth ri1n anteriorly and ventrally, less distinet dorsally and posteriorly; a sinuous diseontinuous dorsal ridge extends beyond dorsal margin posterodorsally, and bends toward venter, a seeond sinuous longitudinal ridge 1nidventrally; medially a short ridge, anteriorly a median small node, and a posterior larger S"\velling. Internal structures of a LV are as shown in text figure 29.

FIGURE 2/J.-Munseyella s?tbminuta (Puri). Interior of left valve; locality SC-3.

Length of figured speeimen 0.38 1nm, height 0.20 mm, eonvexity 0.16 mm.

Ocmtrrence.-Rare in Waeea1naw Formation at loeality NC-4, Columbus County, N.C.; loealities SC-2 and SC-3, Horry County, S.C. The speeies was deseribed from the Choctawhatehee Fonnation (of fonner usage) of Florida, Area, Ecplwra, and Oancellm·ia facies, and has also been reeorcled fron1 the Mioeene of Trinidad.

S pecinwns st,udied.-Four. Figured 8pecimen8.-USNM 649956, 649957, 650018.

Family PROGONOCYTHERIDAE Sylvester-Bradley, 1948

Subfamily PROGONOCYTHERINAE Sylve.ster-Bradley, 1948

Genus XENOCYTHERE Sars, 1925

Elongate-sublaneeo]ate, posterior end 1nuch narrower than anterior and extended below, wedge shaped in end view, venter flattened owing to expansion of ventral shell surfaee, valves subequal; surfaee smooth, pitted, or with elosely spaeecl sinuous narrow ridges, hinge antimerodont, that of LV with terminal erenulate soekets and intervening erenulate bar, inner lamellae of nloclerate width, vestibule present at least anteriorly, radial eanals few, adduetor muscle sears a 1nedian vertical row of four spots with two more anterior antenna!~ spots abmTe and one mandibular'~ spot belo·w. Pliocene ( ~) to Recent.

Type species.-Oythe1·e cuniefornd8 Brady, Reeent.



OcclM'l'ence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation at localities SC-2, SC-3, SC-4, and SC-5, Horry County, S.C. The species was described from the Choctawhatchee Formation (of former usage), upper Miocene of Florida.

Specirnens studied.-Six. Figured specimens.-USNM 649504, 649505.

Genus XIPHICHILUS Brady, 1870

Machaerina. Brady and Norman, 1889, Royal Dublin Soc. Sci. Trans., ser. 2, v. 4, p. 237, ( obj. syn. of X-iphichilus as they both have same type species) .

Elongate bilanceolate, pointed at both ends, compressed, posterodorsal marginal sinuosity, surface smooth, hinge lophodont, inner lamellae and vestibule broad, continuous around venter, radial canals few, adductor musele scars an anteromedian vertical row of four spots, may be paired to produce a double row, additional more anterior spots may occur. Pliocene to Recent.

Type SJWcies.-Bythocythere ten/u.is8irna Norman, Recent.

Xiphichilus1 sp. Plate 5, figure 11

Diagnosis.___.:_Shell elongate-lanceolate in side view, highest medially; dorsal 1nargin moderately convex, sloping uniformly on either side of position of greatest height; ventral margin slightly convex with weak posteromedian sinuosity; terminal margins narrowly rounded to subacuminate, the anterior slightly broader than posterior, both strongly extended below. Valves compressed, subequal; surface smooth. Internal shell features not observed.

Length of shell 0.42 mm, height 0.18 mm, convexity 0.13 mm. Rmnark.~.-The species is somewhat less acuminate

terminally than most other speeies·of .. Y·iphiclz:ilns. The lack of information as to internal shell structures 1nakes generic assignment uncertain.

Occur•rence.-Rare in 'Vaccamaw Forination, ]ocality SC-5, Horry County, S.C.

Specirr1..ens studied.-One. Figttred speciJnen.-USNM 649979.

REFERENCES

Bassiouni, M. A. A., 1965, uber einige Ostracoden a us dem Interglazial von Esbjerg : Dansk Geol. Foren. Medd., Copenhagen, v. 15, p. 507-518, pls. 1, 2.

Benson, R. H., and Coleman, G. L., 1963, Recent marine ostracodes from the eastern Gulf of Mexico: Kansas Univ. Paleont. Contr., Arthropoda, Art. 2, p. 1-52, pls. 1-8, figs. 1-33.

Bold, W. A. van den, 1946, Contribution to the study of Ostracoda with special reference to the Tertiary and Cretaceous microfauna of the Caribbean region: Dissertation, Utrecht Univ., J. H. DeBussy, Amsterdam, 167 p., 8 pls.

--- 1958, Ostracoda of the Bra.sso Formation of T'rinidad: Micropaleontology, v. 4, p. 391-418, pls. 1-5.

--- 1963a, The ostracode genus 01·ionina and its srpecies: Jour. Paleontology, v. 37, p. 33-50, pls. 3, 4, text figs. 1-6.

--- 1963b, Upper Miocene and Pliocene Ostracoda of Trinidad: Micropaleontology, v. 9, p. 361-424, pls. 1-12.

--- 1963c, Anomalous hinge structure in new species of Oythe1·elloidea: Micropaleontology, v. 9, p. 75-78, pl. 1.

Brady, G. S., 1867 [1868]-1886, Descriptions of Ostracoda in de Folin and Perier; Les Fonds de la Mer, Paris. v. l, pt. 1, p. 1-48 (1867 [1868]); p. 49-112 (1868), p. 113-176 (1869); pt. 2, p. 177-256 (1870), p. 257-272 (1871), p. 273-316 (1872), pls. 1-32 (dates unknown). v. 2, pt.1, p. 9-13, 19-28, 53-61, pl. 5, p. 65-84 (1875). v. 4, pt. 3, p, 164-166, 194-200,pls.12,14,15 (1886?).

--- 1880, Report on the Ostracoda dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876; Rept. Sci. Results Voyage of H.M.S. Ohallenger (London) : Zoology, v. 1, pt. 3, p. 1-184.

Brown, P. M., 1958, Well logs from the Coastal Plain of North Carolina: North Carolina Dept. Conserv. and Devel. Bull. 72, p. 1-99, pls. 1-8, text figs.1-9.

Byrne, J. V., LeRoy, D. 0., and Riley, C. M., 1959, The chenier plain and its stratigraphy, southwestern Louisiana: Gulf' Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 9, p. 237-259, pls. 3-9, text figs. 1-9.

Clark, W. B., and others, 1912, The Coastal Plain of North Carolina : North Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey, v. 3, p. 1-552.

Cooke, C. W., Gardner, Julia, and Woodring, W. P., 1943, Correlation of the Cenozoic formations of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain and the Caritbean region: Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 54, p. 1713-1722.

Coryell, H. N., and Fields, Suzanne, 1937, A Gatun ostracode fauna from Cativa, Panama: Am. Mus. Novitates, no. 956, p. 1-18, pls. 1, 2, text figs.1-18.

Cushman, J. A., 1918, Some Miocene and Pliocene Foraminifera of the Coastal Plain of the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, 100 p., 31 pls.

Dall, W. H., 1892, Tertiary fauna of Florida: Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., v. 3, pt. 2, p. 209.

DuBar, J. R., and Howard, J. F., 1963, Paleoecology of the type Waccamaw (Pliocene?) outcrops: South Carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 5, no.1, p. 27-68.

Dubowsky, N. W., 1939, Zur Kenntniss der Ostracodenfauna · des Schwarzen Meer: Trav. Sta. Bioi., Karadagh, v. 5, p.

3-68, text figs. 1-68. Edwards, R. A., 1944, Ostracoda from the Duplin marl (upper

Miocene) of North Carolina : Jour. Paleonrtology, v. 18, p. 505-528, pls. 85-88.

Gardner, Julia, 1943, Mollusca from the Miocene and lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina, Part I, Pelecypoda: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 199-A, 178 p., 23 pls.

--- 19-!8, Mollusca from the Miocene and lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina; pt. 2, Scaphopoda and Pelecypoda: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 199-B, p. 179-310, pls. 24-38.

Hazel, J. E., 1967, Classification and distribution of the Re('eut Homicytheridae and Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) off


Xenocythere? sp. Plate 6, figures 9a, b

Diagnosis.-Shell elongate-subovate in side view, highest anteromedially; dorsum moderately convex, venter nearly straight; anterior margin broadly curved, somewha1t extended below; posterior 1nargin much more narrowly curved, extended below. LV slightly larger than RV, valves moderately cDnvex, greatest convexity ventro-median where ventral valve surface is slightly expanded posteromedially; venter has two compressed areas in front of and behind ex,panded area. Surface. ornamented with weak narrow irregular longitudinal ridges in ventral half and is obscurely pustulose in dorsal half.

Most internal shell features obscured by recrystallization in specimen at hand; 1nuscle scars consist of a median vertical row of four spots and two more anterior spots of which upper is crescentic.

Length of shell (pl. 6, fig. 9a) 0.78 mm, height 0.38 mm, convexity 0.35 mm.

Rernarks.-The shape, flaH,ened venter, surface ornamentation, and musculwt:ure of thiis species furnish a relationship to ... Yenocythere Sars. The details of surface ornamentation especially the lesser strength of longitudinal ribbing are different from X. mtnieformis (Brady), the type species.

Occ'ltrrence.-Rare in Waccamaw Formation at locality NC-5, Brunswick County, N.C.

Specimens studied.-Two. Fig'ltred specimens.-lTSNM 649993, 649994.

Family XESTOLEBERIDIDAE Sars, 1928

Genus XESTOLEBERIS Sars, 1866

Ovate-subreniform, strongly convex, venter flattened owing to expansion of ventral shell surface, LV larger than RV, surface smooth, finely pitted or striate ventrally, hinge antimerodont, LV with terminal crenulate sockets and intervening erenulate bar, zone of conereseence narrow, inner lamellae and vestibule broad anteriorly, radial eanals short, fairly numerous, adductor 1nuscle scars an anteromedian row of four spots, a 1nore anterior trilobate antenna!? spot above, and two mandibular? spots below. Cretaceous to Recent.

Type species.-Oythere a'ltrantia Baird, Recent.

Xestoleberis choctawhatcheensis Puri

Plate 6, figures lOa-c

Xcstolcbcris choctawllatchecnsis Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 297, pl. 16, fig. 6; text figs. f, g.

Diagno8i8.-Subovate-subtriangular, highest medially, dorsum moderately eon vex, venter nearly straight; ends rounded, extended below; posterior truncated above. Valves strongly convex, inflated, and overhanging valve margin ventrally; most convex in posterior

half; LV larger than RV, overreaching it dorsally and anteriorly. Surface s1nooth except for faint ridges along venter; normal eanals numerous, arranged in longitudinal rows ventrally. Hinge of RV with terminal elongate, weakly erenulate tooth flanges and an interterminal very faintly crenulate furrow; n1uscle sear a median vertical row of four spots and at least one, 1nore anterior spot; inner la1nellae narro\v, vestibule present, radial canals short and numerous.

Length of figured specimen (pl. 6, fig. lOb) 0.48 1nm, height 0.28 mm, convexity 0.281nm. RMnar!t~8.-This species is similar to .. X. ·ventrostriata

Swain, but is somewhat more elongate and has weaker ventral striae.

Occnrrence.-Rare in 1Vaccamaw Fonnation at locality NC-3, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locality NC-1, Columbus County, N.C.; rare at locality NC-5, Brunswiek County, N.C.; rare at loealities SC-1, SC-2, and SC-3, Horry County, S.C. The speeies was previously recorded frmn the Ecphora and Oance77aria beds of the Choctawhatehee Formation (of former usage), upper Mioeene of Florida.

Spechnens studied.-Ten. F·ig,ured specimens.-USNM 649995-649997.

Xestoleberis howei Puri

Plate 6, figures 15a. b; plate 7, figure 5; text figure 30

Xestolebct'is tt·iangulat·is Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, p. 208, pl. 16, figs. 1-4; text figs. 13h, i [not 'Veber, 1937, or Mandelstam, 1960].

Xestoleberis llozcei Puri, 1964, Jour. Paleontology, v. 38, p. 787.

Diagnosis.-Shell elongate-subtriangular in side view; dorsal 1nargin strongly eon vex; ventral 1nargin nearly straight; anterior margin rounded, extended below; posterior margin more narrowly rounded, also extended below; valves subequal, the LV slightly larger; valves strongly convex, greatest convexity median and ventral ~n position. Snrfaee smooth. Internal shell features not seen in present speeimens; they were partially described by Puri.

FIGURE 30---Xcstolcberi8 howci Puri. Interior of left valn'; locality SC--4.


northeastern North America: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 564, 49 p., 11 pls.

Howe, H. V., and others, 1935, Ostracoda of the Area zone of Choctawhatchee Miocene of Florida: Florida Dept. Conserv., Geol. Bull. 13, 47 p., 4 pls.

Hulings, N. C., 1966, Marine Ostracoda from Western North Atlantic Ocean off the Virginia coast: Chesapeake Sci., v. 7, p. 40--56.

Hulings, N. C., and Puri, H. S., 1965, The ecology of shallow water Ostracoda of the west coast of Florida: Pub. Staz. Zool., Xapoli, v. 33. supp., p. 308-344, text figs. 1-17.

McLean, J. D., Jr., 1957, The Ostracoda of the Yorktown Formation in the York-James Peninsula of Virginia: Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 38, no. 167, p. 07-103, pls. 7-12.

~falkin, Doris S., 1953, Biostratigraphic study of Miocene Ostracoda of New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia: Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 761-799, pls. 78-82, text figs. 1-14.

.:\filler, B. L., in Clark, ,V. B., and others, 1912, The Coastal Plain of North Carolina : North Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey,v.3,p.250-258.

Moore, R. C., and others, 1961, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part Q, Arthropoda 3, Ostracoda: New York, Geol. Soc. America, and Lawrence, Kans., Kansas Univ. Pre~:-;, 442 p., 334 text figs.

~lii.ller, G. W., 1894, Die Ostracoden des golfes von Neapel und der Angrenzenden Meeres-A.bschnitte: Naples Sta. Zool., Fauna und Flora des golfes von Neapel, Mono. 21, p. i-viii, 1-404, pls. 1-40.

--- 1912 Ostracoda : in Das Tierreich. Eine zusammenstellung und rezenten Tierformen. Im Auftrage der Konigl. Preuss. Akad. 'Viss. zu Berlin, no. 31, 443 p., 92 figs.

Pooser, W. K., 1965, Biostratigraphy of Cenozoic Ostracoda from South Carolina: Kansas Univ. Paleont. Conti-., Arthropoda, Art. 8, p. 1-80, pls. 1-22, text figs. 1-7.

Puri, H. S., 1952, Ostracode genus Cythcrideis and its allies: Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, no. 6, p. 902-914, pls. 130--131, text figs. 1-14.

--- 1954, Contributions to the study of the Miocene of the Florida Panhandle : Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, 345 p., pls. 1-17, 14 text figs.

---- 1958, Ostracode genus Cushmanidea: Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 8, p. 171-181, 2 pls.

--- 1960, Recent Ostracoda from the west coast of Florida: Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 10, p. 107-149, pls. 1-6.

Puri, H. S., Bonaduce, Gioacchino, and Malloy, John, 1964, Ecology of the Gulf of Naples: Pub. Staz. Zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 87-199, figs. 1-67.

Sandberg, Philip, 1964, Larva-adult relationships in some species of the ostracode genus H apl-ocytheridea: Micropaleontology, v. 10, p. 357-368, pls. 1, 2.

--- 1965, Notes on some Tertiary and Recent brackish-vvater Ostracoda: Pub. Staz. zool., Napoli, v. 33, supp., p. 496-514, pls. 1-3.

Smith, R. H., 1941, Micropaleontology and stratigraphy of a deep well at Niceville, Okaloosa County, Florida: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 25, no. 2, p. 263-286, pls.1, 2.

Stephenson, M. B., 1938, Miocene and Pliocene Ostracoda of the genus Cytheridea- from Florida : Jour. Paleontology, v . 12,p.127-148,pls.23,24.

--- 1941, Note.s on the subgenera of the ostracode genus Cytheridea: Jour. Paleontology, v. 15, p. 424-429, text figs. 1-20.

Swain, F. M., 1948 in Anderson, J. L., and others, Cretaceous and Tertiary subsurface geology-Ostracoda from the Hammond well: Maryland Dept. Geology, Mines, and Water Resources Bull. 2, p. 187-212, pls. 12-14.

--- 1952, Ostracoda from wells in North Carolina, Part I, Cenozoic Ostracoda: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 234-A, p. 1-58, pls.1-7.

--- 1955, Ostr'acoda of San Antonio Bay, Texas: Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, p. 561-646, pls. 59-64.

--- 1967, Ostracoda of the Gulf of California : Geol. Soc. America, Mem, 101, 132 p., 9 pls., 58 figs.

Tressler, W. L., and Smith, E. M., 1948, An ecological study of seasonal distribution of Ostracoda, Solomons Island, Maryland region : Chesapeake Bioi. Lab. Pub. 71, p. 3-57, pls 1-4.

Ulrich, E. 0., and Bassler, R.S., 1904, Systematic paleontology of the Miocene deposits of Maryland: Ostracoda, Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene volume, p. 98-130, pls. 35-38.

van Morkhoven, F. P. C. M., 1963, Post-Palaeozoic Ostracoda; v. 1, General, v. 2, Generic deSJcriptions; Amsterdam, Elsevier, v.1,p. 1-204,v.2,p.1-478.

INDEX

[Italic page numbers indicate major references and descriptions]

A Page Page Acknowledgments____________________________ D5 Campylocytheridae ____ ---------------------- D27 Acratinella ____ _______________________________ _ Campylocytherinae ___ ----------------------- 27 Actinocythereis ________________ ---------- ______ 14, 15 Cancellaria ___________________________________ 30, 31

exanthemata ____________ 3, 4, 14; pl. 2, text fig. 12 Caudites ______ ________________________________ 22, 23 gornillionensis _________________________ 14, 16 medialis___________________________________ 22

gomillionensis __ ___________________________ 14, 16 sellardsi_ _____________________________ 3, 22; pl. 6 marylandica_____ __ __ ___ __ ___ _ __ _ _ _____ _ ___ 14 sp ________________________________ 3, 22; pls. 5-7

Acuticythereis__ _______ __ ____ _ __ ___ ___ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ 27 cellulosa, Cythere_ ___ ____________ ----------- ___ 11 laevissima___ __ _ __ _ __ _____________ ____ _ __ _ _ 27 Hemicythemra _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11

punctata_____ _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ ___ _ ____ __ _ _ 27 choctawhatcheensis, Cytheropteron ________ 3, 13; pl. 3 rnultipunctata____ _ __ _ __ _ _________ __ __ _ ____ 28 Xestoleberis _________________________ 3, 31; pl. 6

Alatacythere_____ ___ ___ __ _ _ __ _ __ ___ ___ _ _ __ _ __ __ 19 Choctawhatchee Formation _________________ _ albula, Cytheromorpha_________________________ 26 Cletocythereis_ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ ___ __ 15 americana, Pterygocythereis____________________ 3, rnundorffi __________________________ 3, 15; pl. 2

4, 5, 19; pl. 2, text fig. 18 complexa, Cythere_____________________________ 13 Area__________________________________________ 30 confragosa, Aurila_____________________________ 22

zone______________________________________ 22 Hemicythere_ _ _ _ _ _ ____ __________ _ ___ ______ 21 asherrnani, Cytherideis_________________________ 10 Mutilus _____________________ 3, 4, 5, 21; pls. 4, 5, 7

Hulingsina _______________________________ 9,10 conradi, Aurila __ ----------------------------- 4, 23 Pontocythere _______ 3, 4, 5, 10; pls. 2, 6, text fig. 8 Aurila conradi__ __________ 3, 23; pl. 5, text fig. 20

aurantia, Cytherc______________________________ 31 Hemicythere __ --------------------------- 23 Aurila __ ______________________________________ 23, 24 conradi, Aurila ___________ 3,23; pl. 5, text fig. 20

confragosa _ _ __ __ ___ ___ _ ___ ______ ___ _ __ __ __ 22 convexa, Cythere_______________________________ 23 conradL __ ____ ___ __ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _ ___ ________ __ 4, 23 Costa_________________________________________ 16

conradi__ _____________ 3, 23; pl. 5, text fig. 20 costata, Cytherura ________________________ 3, 12; pl. 4 laevicula ______ --------------------- 3, 24; pl. 5 cranekeyensis, Leptocythere____________________ 18

(Aurila), 1\.futilus____ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ 23 cunieformis, Cythere___________________________ 30 Auris__________________________________ ___ ___ 23 Xenocythere _____ _________________ --------- 31 australis, Loxoconcha__________________________ 4 curta, Cytheromorpha ____________________ 3, 5, 26; pl.

Cushman, J. A., quoted______________________ 5 B Cylindrus ____________ _____________ ------------ 20

Bairdia_ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ 6 Cyprideis jloridana __ ________________ ---------- 7 laevicula ____________ 3, 7; pls. 1, 7, text fig. ovata _____ ________________________________ _ martyni___ _ __ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 Cythere aurantia __ ---------------------------- 31 rhomboidea____ _ ___ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ _ __ _ _ 6 cellulosa ___________________________ ------- 11 tuberculata __________ 3, 4, 6; pl. 1, text fig. complexa _________ _________________ -------- 13

Bairdiidae___ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ ___ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 convexa ___________________________ -------- 23 Bairdoppilata__ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ 6 cunieformis _______________________ -- ______ 30

martyni____ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ 6 exanthemata_______________________________ 14 triangulata ______ 3, 4, 5, 6; pl. 1, text figs. 2, 3 jischeri_____ __ _ _____ ______ _ _ __ _ ________ _ _ __ 26

Basslerella__ ___ ______ ___ _ _____ ___ ____ _ ________ 27 latissima ___________________________ --- _ _ __ 13 miocenica_ _____ ___ ___ ___ __ _______ _ __ ______ 27 micula____ _ __ _ ___ __ _ __ _ ____ __ ___ ___ _ __ __ __ 16

bassleri, Haplocytheridea_____ __________ __ ___ ___ 7 rastromarginata _________ ------------------ 15 Basslerites_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ 27 rhomboidea_ ___ __ _ ___ ____ _______ ___ __ ___ _ __ 24

giganticus _______________ 3, 27; pl. 4, text fig. 23 Bensonocythere_____ ___ ___ ___ __________ ___ _____ 29

Bensonocythere whiteL __ 3, 17, 29; pl. 5, text fig. 28 bicarinata, Cythereis___ ___ _____ _______ _ __ _ _____ 21 blanpiedi, Haplocytheridea _ _______________ 3, 8; pl. 1 Brachycytheridae_ _ _________ ___________ 19

bradyi, Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) __________ _ Haplocytheridea _____________ 3, 4, 5, 8; pls. 1, 2

Buntonia garretti____ __ ________ _ ____ ___ ___ _____ 15 Bythocypris_ __ _ ___ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5

howei ____________________________________ _ wicomicoensis _________________________ 3, 5; pl. 1

rugipunctata__ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _________ _ __ ______ 18 simplex ______________________________ -_-_- 20 vaughani____ ___ __ _ __ __ _ _ ______ ___ _ __ ____ __ 21

Cythereis bicarinata ____ ----------------------- 21 garretti____ _ __ ___ _ _ __ ____ ____ _ ___ _ __ _ _ __ ___ 15 jonesiL ____________________________ -- _ __ __ 19

rugipunctata_____ __ _ _ _ _ ___ ____ _____ __ ___ __ 18

triplistriata ____________________ ----------- 16 vaughani______ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ ____ _ __ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ 21

(Mutilus) laticancellata____________________ 21 Cytheretta_____ ____ ______ _____ _________ _ __ _ __ __ 20

calhounensis ____ ---------------------- 3, 20; pl. 6 Bythocythere tenuissima_ _ _ __________ ______ ___ _ 32 rubra_ _ _______ _______ _____ _ _ __ ___________ _ 20 Bythocytheridae_ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ ___ ___ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ 20 Cytherettidae _ _ _ __ ___ ___ __ _ _ __ ___________ ____ __ 20

c Cytheridea montgomeryensis_ _ _ _ _______________ 7

puncticillata_ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __________ _ ___ _ ___ 8 calhounensis, Cytheretta __________________ 3, 20; pl. 6 seti punctata _____________________________ --Carnpylocythere ___ ------------------------ ____ 27,29 (Haplocytheridea) bradyi___________________ 8

laeva ____________ 3, 27, 29; pls. 2, 6, text fig. 27 ponderosa_____________________________ 7

laevissima _____ 3, 4, 5, 27; pls. 6, 7, text figs. 24, 2ii wadei_ _______ ________________________ _ punctata __________________________ 28; pl. 7 Cytherideidae. ___________ - ___ ----------------

rnultipunctata _____________ 28; pl. 6, text fig. 26 Cytherideinae ____________________ - _- _ --------

Page

Cytherideis ashermani- ____ -_------------------ D 10 longula _ ---------------------------------- 10 rugipustulosa _ ---------------------------- 9 semicircular is_____________________________ 10

wilberti _________ -------------------------- 9 Cytheromorpha ____ _____________ --------------- 26

albula ____________________ ---------------- 26 curta ______________________________ 3, 5,26; pl. 5

pascagoulensis _ ---------------- __ --------- 5 subminuta _________ ----------------------- 30

Cytheropteron __________ _____________ ---------- 13 choctawhatcheensis ____________________ 3, 13; pl. 3 nodosa ___ _______________________ ---------- 11 yorktownensis ____________ 3, 13; pl. 4, text fig. 11

Cytherura ____________ -_______ ---------------- 12 costata _______________________________ 3, 12; pl. 4

elongata _________________________ 3, 4, 5, 12; pl. 6 forulata ________________ 3, 5, 12; pl. 5, text fig. 10 gibba _____ _______________________ -- __ ------ 12

Cytheruridae _____ ---------------------------- 11 Cytherurina _________ --- _________ -------------- 11

D

delumbata, Occultocythereis ______ --------------depressa, Paracytheridea _______ ----------------Digmo pteron __ __ ---------- --------------------Duplin MarL ______ --------------------------

E

17 11 19

2,4

Echinocythereis ______ ______ -------------------- 15 garretti__ _______ 3, 4, 5, 15; pl. 4, text fig. 13

Ecphora ______________________ ---------------- 30, 31

elongata, Cytherura _____________ 3, 4, 5, 12; pl. 6 Elcytheropteron _____________ ------------------ 13

yorktownensis _____________ ---------------- 13

Eucytherura ______ ---------------------------- 13 weingeistL __________ ---------------------- 14

SP----------------------------------- 3, 13; pl. 5 exanthemata, Actinocythereis .. 3, 4, 14: pl. 2, text fig. 12

Cythere_ ---------------------------------- 14 gomillionensis, Actinocythereis_- ----------- 14, 16 Trachyleberis ____________________ ---------- 14

F Favella ______________ ------------------------- 18

mesicostalis __ - ---------------------------- 19

puella ___ --------------------------------- 18

rugipunctata ____ -- __ -_-------------------- 18

Fimbria ___________ ---------------------------- 19

0 h 26

~:~~;::~a, ~Y ;:td~f; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 7 forulata, Cytherura ________ 3, 5, 12; pl. 5, text fig. 10

G

garre~~th~:C~-0-~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ Echinocythereis __ _____ 3, 4, 5, 15; pl. 4, text fig. 13

gibba, Cytherura _____ -- ------------------------ 12 gigantea, Haplocytheridea______________________ 8 giganticns, Basslerites __ _______ 3, 27,· pl. 4, text fig. 23 gomillionensis, A.ctinocythereis _________________ 14,16

Actinocythereis exanthemata __ ------------- 14, 16 guaymanensis, Pterolora_--- ------------------ 26

gunteri, 1\.furrayina_-- ------------------------

D3.)

D36 INDEX

H Page M Page Page

Haplocytheridea__ _ _ _ ____ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ ___ _ _ ___ _ _ _ D7 Machaerina __ --------------------------------- D32 Pterigocythereis ______ ______ ------------- ___ ____ D19

basslerL- _ ----------------- _________ ____ __ 7 Macrocvthere__ __ ____ _ _____ _ _ __ ____ ______ ____ __ 20 Pteroloxa _____________________________________ 25, 26

blanpiedi__ ____________________________ 3, 8; pl. 1 Macrocytherina _______ ______ ------- _____ _ ______ 20 guaymanensis ___ __________ ----------- __ ___ 26

bradyi_ ____ --------------------- 3, 4, 5, 8; pis. 1, 2 Murrayina __ ----------------- _ __ ____ _ __ _ __ 16 venipuncta __ __ ----------- ____ ---------- ___ 25 gigantea_____ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ 8 Trachyleberis___________ _ ____ __ ______ _ ___ __ 16 sp ___________________________________ 3, 25; pl. 4

ponderosa_________________________________ 7 martyni, Bairdia_ ----------------------------- Pterygocythereis _________________ -------------- 19 proboscidiala__ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ ___ _ __ _ 8 martvni, Bairdoppilata_ ----------------- _____ _ americana ____________ 3, 4, 5, 19; pl. 2, text fig. 18

setipunctata __ -------------------- 3, 4, 7; pls. 1, 7 marylandica, Actinocythereis___________________ 14 sp_ __ _______ ________ _______ __ ___ __ _ _______ 4

subovata_ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _____ _ __ ___ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ 8 matagordensis, Loxoconcha_____________________ 4 puella, Favella________________________________ 18

wadei_ ______________ ---------------------- 8 mayeri, Pontocythere_ _ _ _________________ ______ 4 punctata, Acuticythereislaevissima ___ ---------- 27 (Haplocytheridea) bradyi, Cytheridea___________ 8 medialis, Caudites_____________________________ 22 Campylocythere laevissima ______________ 28; pl. 7

ponderosa, Cytheridea_ _ _ ___ ___________ ____ 7 mesicostalis, Fat•ella________________________ __ 19 puncticillata, Cytheridea_______________________ 8 wadei, Cytheridea ________________________ _ Puriana ___________________________ 3, 19; pls. 4, 5 Puriana ___________________ ---------- __ ------- 18

Hemicvthere_ _ _ _ ________ ____ ______ _____ ___ ___ _ 24 micula, Cythere ___ ---------------------------- 16 mesicostalis _______________________ 3,19; pls. 4, 5

confragosa_ _ _ _ ____ ______ ______ ________ ____ 21 Trachyleberis________ _ __ _ __ ________ __ _ __ _ __ 16 rugipunctata __ 3, 4, 5, 18; pls. 5, 7, text figs. 16, 17 conradL-- --------- _ __ ___ _____ ___ _____ ____ 23 miocenica, Bassler ella ___ ---------------------- 27 purisubrhomboides, Loxoconcha________________ 3, laevicula_ _ ___ _ __ __________ ____________ ____ 24 rnontgomervensis, Cytheridea___________________ 7 4, 5, 24, 25; pls. 3, 7, text fig. 21C, D sellardsi_ _ _ _ _ _ _________ __ _____ ___ _ __ _____ _ 22 Mooreina_ _ _ _ _________________ _ _ ______ _____ _ _ _ 11

Hemicytheridae_ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ ____ _ __ ___ ___ _ ___ __ 20 lllorrisitina __ ______________ ---- ---------------- R Hemicytherideis ______________________________ _ Muellerina _____ ________ ----------------- _ __ ___ 16 Hemicytherura_ _ _ _________ ____ ______ ______ _ ___ 11 Muellerina lienenklausi_ ____ 3, 16; pl. 3, text fig. 15 rastromarginata, Cythere ___________ -___ ---- _ _ _ _ 15

cellulosa_ _ ___ __ _ __ _ _ ____________ _ _____ _ _ __ 11 rnultipunctata, Acuticythereis_ _ ________________ 28 Rectotrachyleberis _______ _ ------------------ __ __ 16 howeL------------------- 3, 11; pl. 4, text fig. 9 Campylocythere ________ __ 28; pl. 6, text fig. 26 triplistriata ______ __________________ -- _ --- __ 16

howei, Bythocypris_ _ ______________ ____________ 5 mundorffi, Cletocythereis ________________ 3, 15; pl. 2 reticularis, Loxoconcha ________ 3, 25; pl. 4, text fig. 22 Hemicytherura ____________ 3, 11; pl. 4, text fig. 9

Jonesja_ ---------------------------- 3, 20; pl. 4 Kangarina___ _ _______ __ _______ ____________ 11

Trachyleberis________ __ ____ ___ _________ _ ___ 15 Munseyella_____ ______ _ ______ _____________ _ _ ___ 30

subminuta ______________ 3, 30; pl. 5, text fig. 29

rhomboidea, Bairdia___________________________ 6

Cythere _________ -------------------- ______ 24 Loxoconcha __________ ----------------- _- __ 26

Murrayina ___________________ :____________ 2, 17

Xestoleberis ___________ 3, 31; pls. 6, 7, text fig. 30 Hulingsina _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9

asherrnanL ------------------------------- 9,10 wilberti _ ______ ___ _ _____ ____ ___ _ ___ __ _ ___ __ 9

hyalokystis, Toulrninia________________________ 30

J Jonesia_______ _________ ____ ___ _ __ ___________ __ 20

Murrayina ____________________________________ 16,17 gunteri___________ _______ __________ _____ ___ 2 howei_ ____ ______________ _ _ ________ _____ ___ 2

martini_ ________________ ---------------___ 16 sp __________________________________ 3, 17; pl. 3

Mutilus ____________________________________ 21, 22,23 confragosa __________________ 3, 4, 5, 21; pls. 4, 5, 7 (Aurila) _ _____ _________ ______________ __ ___ 23

(Mutilus) laticancellata, Cythereis______________ 21

rubra, Cytheretta ____________ ------------------ 20

rugipunctata, Cythere_________________________ 18 Cythereis ___________________ ----------- _ __ 18

Favella _____ ---------------------------- __ 18 Puriana _______ 3, 4, 5, 18; pls. 5, 7, text figs. 16, 17 Trachleberis ______________ ---------------- 18

rugipustulosa, Cvtherideis_____________________ 9 Pontocythere ___________ 3, 9, 10; pl. 1, text fig. 7

howeL ___________ _________________ 3, 20; pl. 4

jonesii, Cythereis_ ----------------------------- 19 N s Jugosocythereis _ _ _ _________ _ ___ _ __ ____ __ ____ __ 21 Neocaudites___ ____ __ __ __________ ___ ___ ___ _ ____ 16 sellardsi, Caudites _______________________ 3, 22; pl. 6

nevianiL_ __ ____ ____ _ ___ _____________ ___ _ _ 16 Hemicythere _______ ------------------- __ _ _ 22

K Kangarina___ _ ___ ______ _ ______ _ __ _ _____ _ __ _ ___ 11

howeL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11

triplistriata _____________ 3, 16; pl. 3, text fig. 14 Neocytherideinae_____________________________ 9 Nesidea__ ____ _ __ _____ __ _ __ _____ __ _ __ _ ___ _ ___ __ 6

tuberculata_____ _ _ __ _ _ _ ____ _ ___ __ _ ___ _ __ ___ 6

semicircularis, Cytherideis ___ ------------------ 10

setipunctata, Cytheridea _______ ---------------- 7 Haplocytheridea _________________ 3, 4, 7; pls. 1, 7

simplex, Cythere ____ -------------------------- 20

L

laeva, Campylocythere __ 3, 27, 29; pls. 2, 6, text fig. 27 laevicula, Aurila _________________________ 3, 24; pl. 5

nevianii, Neocaudites__________________________ 16 nodosa, Cytheropteron_________________________ 11

Paracytheridea_ _ ______ ____ __ ____ ___ _ __ __ _ _ 11 Normania_ _ __ _ ___ ___ _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ __ __ __ ___ _ __ _ 24

subminuta, Cytheromorpha _ ------------------- 30 Munseyella ______________ 3, 30; pl. 5, text fig. 29

subovata, Haploc·ytheridea_ -------------------- 8 subrhmnboidea, Loxoconcha____________________ 25

Bairdia ________________ 3, 7--; pls. 1, 7, text fig. 5 Hernicythere_____ _ ____ _ __ _____ __ _ ______ ____ 24

laevissima, Acuticythereis______________________ 27 Campylocythere_ 3, 4, 5, 27;pls. 6, 7, text figs. 24,25

punctata, Acuticythereis _ ---------------------- 27 Campylocythere ____________________ 28; pl. 7

laticancellata, Cythereis (Mutilus)______________ 21 latissima, Cythere _ _____ _____ _____ ____ _ __ ______ 13

0 Occultocythereis_ _ ____ __ _ __ ____ ___ _ __ ___ _ ___ _ __ 17

delumbata _________ --------- _______ _ ____ __ 17 sp ___________________________________ 3, 18; pl. 5

Orionina ___________________ ---------- _ ___ _ ___ 20 vaughani__ _______________ 3, 21; pl. 4, text fig. 19

ovata, Cyrprideis_______________________________ 7

Systematic descriptions_-- __ ----------------- 5

T

tchernjawskii, Pontocythere____________________ 9

tenuissima, Bythocythere_ --------------------- 32 Toulminia _____ ____ --------- _____ ------------- 30

hyalokystis ___________ -- ____ --------------- 30

Leguminocythereis_ --------------------------- 29 p Trachyleberididae _____________ --------------- 14 whiteL _ _____ ___ __ _ ___ _______ _ __ __________ 29 Paracytheridea_ ------------------------------- 11 Trachyleberis exanthemata_____________________ 14

Leptocythere cranekeyensis_____________________ 18 depressa _ __ ___ _ ___ _ __ _ __ _ ______ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ 11 martini_ ____________________ -------------- 16

Leptocytheridea __ -----------------------------nodosa___ ___ ___ ___ __ __ __ _ __ _ ______ ___ _ ____ 11 micula ____________ __________ -------------- 16

lienenklausi, Muellerina ______ 3, 16; pl. 3, text fig. 15

longula, Cytherideis _ --------------------- _____ 10

Loxoconcha __ --------------------------------- 24, 26 australis__________________________________ 4 matagordensis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4

purisubrhornboidea_ ----------------------- 3, 4, 5, 24, 25; pls. 3, 7, text fig. 21C, D

reticularis _______________ 3, 25; pl. 4, text fig. 22 rhomboidea___ _ _________ _________ __ ___ _ __ __ 26 subrhomboidea______ _______ __ ______ _ ___ _ _ _ _ 25

wilberti_ _______ 3, 4, 24; pls. 3, 7, text fig. 21A, B

Loxoconchidae ____ --------------------------- 24 Loxocorniculum_____ ______ ____ _ ________ _ ____ __ 26

sp _________________________________ 3,26; pis. 3,4

Loxoleberis____ __ _________ _ _ _ __ ____ __ _ __ _ __ __ __ 24

vandenboldt__ ______________________ 3, 4, 11; pl. 2

Pascago ulensis, Cytheromor ph a_ _ _ _ _ _ 5 Pectocytheridae_ _________ ____________ _ _______ 30 Phractocytheridea _________________________ -----ponderosa, Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) ___ ----

Haplocytheridea ___ _______________________ _ Pontocythere _ _ _ ___ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ ___ _ _ __ ___ 9

ashermani ___________ 3, 4, 10; pls. 2, 6, text fig. 8 Pontocythere mayeri-_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ _ __ ___ ____ 4

rugipustulosa _______________ 3, 9; pl. 1, text fig. 7 tchernjawskii_______ _ __ _ ___ ______ __ _ ___ ___ _ 9

wilbertL ________________ 3, 9; pls. 1, 2, text fig. 6 Prionocytheretta ___ ______________________ ------ 20 proboscidiala, Haplocytheridea_________________ 8 Progonocytheridae __________ ----------- _ ------ 30 Progonocytherinae _____________ --------- _ __ ___ 30

mundorffi. __ _______ ------------------------ 15 rugi punctata __ _______ --------------------- 18 triplistriata _____________________ ---------- 16 vaughanL ________________ -_____ ---------- 21

triangularis, Xestoleberis_ --------------------- 31 triangulata, Bairdoppilata_____________________ 3,

4, 5, 6; pl. 1, text figs. 2, 3

Triginglynms __ ------------------------------- 29 whiteL _ ---------------------------------- 29

triplistriata, Cythereis _ ------------------------ 16 Neocaudites ______________ 3, 16; pl. 3, text flg. 14

16 Rectotrachyleberis _______ ------------------Trachyleberis __ ______ -------- --------------

tuberculata, Bairdia __________ 3, 4, 6; pl. 1, text fig. 4 Nesidea __ ____________ --------------------- 6

16

Luvula _____ ------------------ _______ _________ 20 Pseudocytheretta _______ ________ ---------------- 20 Type locality, Waccamaw Formation ________ _

V Page vandenboldi, Paracytheridea __________ D3, 4, 11; pl. 2

vaughani, Cythere __ --------------------------- 21 Cythereis ________ ___ ------------- _ _ __ __ ____ 21 Orionina _________________ 3, 21; pl. 4, text fig. 19 Trachyleberia__ ____ ________ -------- __ _ ___ __ 21

venipuncta, Pteroloxa ____ --------------------- 25 ventrostriata, Xestoleberis_ _ _ __ _ __ ___ _ ___ _ __ ___ _ 31 Vicinia _ ------ ____________ ------------- ___ _ ___ 11

w Waccamaw River_---------------------------wadei, Cytheridea (Haplocytheridea) __________ _

Haplocytheridea __ ________________________ _ 8

8

INDEX

Page

weingeisti, Eucytherura_ ---------------------- D14 whitei, Bensonocythere ____ 3, 17, 29; pl. 5, text fig. 28

Leguminocythereis_ ----------------------- 29 Triginglymus. _ --------------------------- 29

wicomicoensis, Bythocypris _________________ 3, 5; pl. 1

wilberti, Cytherideis _ -------------------------- 9 Hulingsina _ ------------------------------Loxoconcha ____ 3, 4, 24; pis. 3, 7, text fig. 21A, B Pontocythere ____________ 3, 9; pis. 1, 2, text fig. 6

X Xenocythere __________________________________ 30, 31

cuniejormis _ __________ _ ___________ ___ _ ____ 30 sp ____________________________ • ________ 3, 31; pl. 6

D37

Page Xestoieberididae ___ ------------------ ___ _____ D31 Xestoleberis. ---------- _______ _ ________ ____ ____ 31

choctawhatcheensis ____________________ 3, 31; pl. 6 howeL _______________ 3, 31; pis. 6, 7, text fig. 30 triangularis.______________________________ 31 ventrostriata _ _ _ ____ ___ ____ __ _____ ___ _ ___ _ _ 31

Xiphichilus_ _____ __ _ ___ ________ _ __ _ ____ __ _ __ _ _ 32 sp ___________________________________ 3, 32; pl. 5

y

Yorktown Formation________________________ 2

yorktownensis, Cytheropteron .. 3, 13; pl. 4, text fig. 11 Eocytheropteron ___ ------------- _____ ______ 13

PLATES 1-7

PLATE 1 [All magnifications X 60]

FIGURES 1a, b. Bythocypris UJicomicoensis Swain (p. D5). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC-1, upper zone. 2a, b. Bairdoppilata triangulata Edwards (p. D6). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. N C-1, upper zone. 3a, b. Bairdia cf. B. tuberculata Brady (p. D6). ~ight side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC-5. 4a, b. Bairdia laev~cula Edwards (p. D7). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC-2, upper zone. 5a-c. Haplocytheridea setipunctata (Brady) (p. D7). a, b, Right side of two female shells. c, Ventral view of female shell.

All from loc. NC-3, upper zone. 6a, b. Haplocytheridea sp. aff. H. blanpiedi (Stephenson) (p. DS). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC-5. 7a, b. Haplocytheridea bradyi (Stephenson) (p. DS). Left side and ventral views of shell, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff

locality on southern bank of Cape Fear River, 9 miles below Elizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C., lower zone. Sa, b. Haplocytheridea bradyi (Stephenson) (p. DS). Interior views of immature right and left valves, Duplin Marl, Walkers

Bluff locality, North Carolina, lower zone. 9a-f. Pontocythere cf. P. wilberti (Puri) (p. D9). a, Interior of immature left valve, loc. NC-2. b, Exterior of immature

right valve, same locality. c, Exterior of immature left valve, same locality. d, Right side of male shell, loc. NC-3, upper zone. e, Interior of female left valve, loc. NC-2. f, Dorsal view of immature shell, same locality.

10. Pontocythere rugipustulosa (Edwards) (p. D9). Exterior of left valve, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff on southern bank of Cape Fear River, 9 miles below Elizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C., upper zone.

GEOLOG ICA L SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573- D PLATE I

OSTRACODA FROM THE WACCAMAW FORMATION, NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA


FIGURES la-d. Pontocythere ashennani (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. DlO). a, Right side of female shell, lac. NC-3, upper zone. b, Dorsal view of female shell, same locality. c, Left side of male shell, same locality. d, Ventral view of male shell, same locality.

2a-c. Pontocythere cf. P. wilberti (Puri) (p. D9). a, Right side of male shell. b, Dorsal view of shell. c, Left side of male shell, Joe. NC-3, upper zone.

3a, b. Campylocythere laeva Edwards (p. D29). R ight side and dorsal views of shell, lac. NC-3, upper zone. 4a, b. Pamcytheridea cf. P. vandenboldi Puri (p. D11). a, Exterior of left valve. b, Interior of right valve, lac. NC-2. Sa-f. Actinocylhereis exanthemata (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D 14). a, Left side of male shell, lac. NC-3. b, Right side of fe

male shell, same locality. c, Left side of male shell, lac. NC- 3. d, Right side of female shell, lac. NC-5. e, Dorsal view of female shell, same locality. f, Left side of female shell, same locality.

6. Cletocylhereis? mundorifi (Swain) (p. D15). Right side of shell, lac. NC-5. 7a- d. Pterygocythereis sp. a!f. P. americana (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D 19). a, Right side of shell, loc. NC- 2. b, Ventral

view of shell, same locality . c, Dorsal view of shell, same locality. d, Left side of shell, same locality . 8. Haplocytheridea bradyi (Stephenson) (p. DS). Left side of shell, Waccamaw Formation, loc. SC- .5.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573-D PLATE 2



Frau RES la-d. Neocaudites triplistriata (Edwards) · (p. D16). a, Right side of shell. b, Left side of shell. c, Dorsal view of shell. d, Right side of shell. All are from loc. NC-3, upper zone.

2a-h. Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D16). a, Interior of left valve loc . NC-5. b, Right side of immature shell, same locality. c, Dorsal view of shell, toe . NC- 3. d, Dorsal view of immature shell, same locality. e, Right side of shell, loc. NC-5. f, g, Right sides of immature shells, toe. NC-3. h, Dorsal view of shell, Pliocene strata, Pierce quarry locality, North Carolina.

aa-d. Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler). (p. Dl6). a, Interior of right valve, loc. NC-5. b, Right side of shell, same locality. c, Left side of shell, same locality. d, Dorsal view of shell, same locality.

4a, b. Muellerina lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler) . (p . D16) . a, Left side of immature shell, toe . NC- 5. b, Left side of shell, same locality.

5a, b. Murrayina? sp. (p. D17). a, Right side and dorsal views of shell, toe. NC-1, upper zone. 6a-c. Loxoconcha wilberti Puri. (p. D24). a, Right side of shell, loc . NC-5. b, Exterior of right valve, locality NC- 1. c, Right

side of shell, loc. NC-5. 7a-e. Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea Edwards. (p. D25) . a, Ventral view of shell, Pleistocene, Longs, S.C. b, Right side

of immature shell, loc. NC-5. c, Left side of shell, same locality . d, Right side of immature shell, Pleistocene beds, Longs, S.C. e, Left side of female shell, loc. NC- 5.

Sa, b. Loxocorniculum sp. (p. D26) . Left sides of two shells, male? and female?, respectively, Waccamaw Formation, loc. SC-5.

9. Cytheropteron choctawhatcheensis Puri, (p. D13). Right side of a shell, Waccamaw Formation, toe . SC- lb.


FIGUREs 1. Loxocomiculum sp. (p. D26 ) . Left side of shell, Pleistocene beds, Longs, S.C. 2a-f. Loxoconcha reticularis Edwards (p . D25). a, Left side of female shell, Joe. NC-3. b, Left side of female shell, Joe . NC-5.

c, Right side of male shell, same locality. d, e, Dorsal views of two shells, Joe. NC-3. f, Right side of female shell, Joe . NC-5.

:l. Lo'J;oconcha relicularis Edwards (p . D25). Right side of shell, Joe. NC- 1, a specimen with unusually sinuous dorsal margin.

4a- c. Orionina vaughani (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D21). a, Left side of shell, Joe . NC-3, upper zone. b, Right side of shell, Joe . NC-1. e, Ventral view of shell, Joe. NC-3, upper zone. d, e, Interior of right apd left valves, Joe. NC- 1.

5a, b. Hemicytherura howei (Puri) (p. Dll). Left side and dorsal views of shell, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff locality, on southern bank of Cape Fear River, 9 miles downstream from Elizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C., upper zone.

6. Basslerites giganticus Edwards (p. D27) . Exterior view of left valve, Joe. NC- 1, upper zone. 7a-c. Cytheropteron yorktownensis (Malkin) (p. D13). a, Right side of shell, loc. NC-2. b, Left side of shell, same locality.

c, Dorsal view of shell, same locality. Sa-e. Mutilus confmgosa (Edwards) (p. D21). a, Right side of shell , loc. NC-1, upper zone. b, Interior of right valve, same

locality. c, Left side of shell, same locality. d, Interior view of right valve, same locality . e, Right side of shell, same locality, upper wnc. Sc is a female shell; the others arc either immature or male shells.

9. Pteroloxa? sp. (p. D 25). Left side of shell, loc. SC-3. 10. Cytherura cf. C. costata Muller (p. D12). Right side of shell, loc. SC-3. 11. J onesia howei (Puri) (p. D20). Right side of shell, loc. SC- 1b. 12. Echinocythereis garrelli (Howe and McGuirt) (p. D 15). Left side of shell, Joe. SC-2. 13. Puriana mesicostalis (Edwards) (p. D19). Right side of shell, loc. SC-1.


F I GU RES 1a, b. Eucytherura sp. (p . D13) . Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC-4, North Carolina . 2. Occultocythereis sp . (p . D18). Left side of shell, loc. N C- 1.

3a- d. Munseyella subminuta (Puri) (p. D30) . a, b, Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc . NC-4. c, d, Left and right sides of two shells, loc. SC-2.

4a, b . B ensonocythere whitei (Swain) (p . D29). Right side a nd dorsal views of shell, loc. N C-3, upper zone. 5a- c. Mutilus confragosa (E dwards) (p. D21). a , Left side of a shell, loc . NC-1, upper zone. b, c, Dorsal and ventral views

of shells, same loc ality. 6a, b. Cawlites? sp. (p. D22). Duplin M arl, Walkers Bluff locality, southern bank of Cape F ear River , 9 miles below E liza

bethtown, Bladen County, N. C., lower zone. 7a-i. Aurila conradi conradi (Howe and McGu irt) (p . D23) . a, Right side of shell , loc . NC-3, upper zone. b- f, Left sides of

several shells, same locality. g, Right side of shell, same loc ality. h, i, I nterior views of right and left valves of a shell, same locality. 7e, h, and i are mature females; 7d and g arc m ales ; the others are immature? fem ales.

8a- c. Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler) (p . D18). a, Right side of shell, Joe . NC- 3, upper zone. b, Left side of shell, same locality. c, Right side of shell, same localit y.

9a, b. Cytheromorpha curta E dwards (p. D26) . Left valve views of male? a nd female? shells, loc . SC-4 and SC- 1 respectively . 10. Cytherura forulata Edwards (p . D 12). Right side of shell, loc. SC- 3. 11. Xiphichilus? sp . (p . D32) . Right side of shell, Joe. SC- 5. 12. A m ila laevicula (E dwards) (p. D24). Right side of carapace, loc. SC-5. 13. P uriana mesicostalis (Edwards) (p. D19). Left side of carapace, loc. SC-1.

GEOLOG ICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONA L PAPER 573-D PLATE 5



FIGUREs la, b. Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards) (p. D27) Right side and dorsal views of female shell , loc. NC-5. 2a, b. Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards) (p. D27) Left sides of two male shells, loc. NC-3, upper zone.

3. Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards) (p. D27) Interior of female? left valve, loc. N C- 1, North Carolina. 4. Ponlocythere ashermani (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. DlO). Left side of shell , Duplin -:vlarl, Walkers Bluff locality, south

ern bank of Cape Fear River, 9 miles below E lizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C., lower zone. 5a-d. Carnpylocythere multipunctata (Edwards) (p. D28). a, Right side of shell, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff locality,

North Carolina, lower zone. b, Left side of shell, same loc ality. c, Dorsal view of shell, same loc ality. d, Ventral view of shell, same loc ality.

6. Carnpylocythere laevissima (Edwards) (p . D27). Right side of shell, loc . NC- 3, upper zone. 7a-c. Campylocythere laeva Edwards (p. D<-9). a, Right side of female shell, loc. NC- 2. b, Right side of female shell, Joe.

NC- 3, upper zone. c, Dorsal view of 7a. 8. Campylocythere laevissima (Edwards) (p. D27). Interior of immature left valve, loc. NC-1.

9a, b. Xenocythere? sp. (p. D31). Right side and dorsal views of shell, loc. NC-5. lOa-c. Xesloleberis choctawhatcheensis Puri (p . D31). a Left side of shell , Joe. NC-3. b, Right side of shell, same locality.

c, Dorsal view of b. lla-c. Cytherura elong1la Edwards (p. Dl2). a, b, Left sides of a female and a male shell, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff,

southern bank of Cape Fear River, 9 miles below Elizabethtown, Bladen County, N.C., lower zone. c, Dorsal view of male? shell, Du;>lin Marl, Walkers Bluff locality, Nort h Carolina, lower wne.

12a, b. Caudites sellardsi (Howe ani Neill) (p . D22). Left side and dorsal view of shell, loc. NC- 3, upper zone. 13. Caudiles? sp. (p. D22). Right side of shell, loc. NC-5. 14. Cytherelta cf. C. calhounensis Smith (p. D20). Right side of poorly preserved shell, loc. SC- 5.

15a, b. Xestoleberis howei Puri (p. D31). Dorsal view and left side of two shells, loc. SC-4.

PLATE 7

FIGURES 1a, b. Haplocytheridea setipunctata (Brady) (p. D17). a, Anterior half of left valve, from interior, in transmitted light, Joe. NC-1, X 95. b, Enlargement of part of anterior margin showing radial canals, X 325.

2. Bairdia laevicula Edwards (p . D7). Interior of left valve by transmitted light, Joe. SC- 2, X 78. 3a-c. Mutilus confragosa (Edwards) (p . D21). a, Interior of right valve by transmitted light, Joe. NC- 1, X 78. b, Enlarge-

ment of part of anterior margin showing radial canals, X 325. c, Enlargement of part of posterior margin, X 325. 4. Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler) (p. D18). Interior of right valve by transmitted light, Joe. SC-3, X 78. 5. Xestoleberis howei Puri (p. D31). Interior of left valve by transmitted light, Joe. SC-4, X 95. 6. Loxoconcha wilberti Puri (p. D24). Interior of right valve by transmitted light, Joe. NC-1, X 78. 7. Loxoconcha pw·isubrhomboidea Edwards (p. D25). Interior of right valve by transmitted light, Joe . SC- 4, X 78.

8a-c. Caudites? sp. (p. D22). a, Interior of right valve by transmitted light, Duplin Marl, Walkers Bluff, N.C., X 45. b, Enlargement of part of anterior margin showing radial canals, X 325. c, Enlargement of part of posterior margin showing radial canals, X 325.

9a, b. Campylocythere laevissima punctata (Edwards) (p. D27). a, Interior of left valve by transmitted light, Joe. N C-1 X 95. b, E nlargement of muscle scar, X 325.

Contributions to

Paleontology

1966

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 573

This volume was published

as separate chapters A-D

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

William T. Pecora, Director

CONTENTS

[Letters designate the separately published chapters]

(A) Recent Foraminifera from the Gulf of Alaska and southeastern Alaska, by Ruth Todd and Doris Low. (B) The Mesozoic pelecypods Otapiria Marwick and Lupherella Imlay, new genera in the United States, by Ralph W. Imlay. (C) Fusulinidae from the Graford Formation and Winchell Limestone, Canyon Group, Upper Pennsylvanian, in Brown County,

Texas, by Donald A. Myers. (D) Ostracoda from the Upper Tertiary Waccamaw Formation of North Carolina and South Carolina, by Frederick M. Swain.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1967 0 - 266-183