oshpd emergency power supply systems

Fire Prevention UnitFacilities Development Division

Gary DungerChief Fire & Life Safety Officer

Emergency Power Supply Systems

June 2, 2010 Emergency Power Supply Systems Slide 2

Applicable Codes Regulating Emergency Power Supply Systems for Health Care Facilities

2007 California Building Code2007 California Electrical Code2007 California Mechanical Code2007 California Fire Code2002 NFPA 372005 NFPA 992005 NFPA 110

Generator Location


Generator Location

• CBC Section 1224.4.2 Service spaces. – Spaces for dietary, laundry, morgue,

ambulance entrance, receiving areas, power plants, mechanical equipment, incinerator, garbage can cleaning, automobile parking and storage areas for garbage, trash and medical gases shall be located and constructed to minimize noise, steam, odors, hazards and unsightliness in patient-care areas and bedrooms.


Generator Location

• Detached structures shall be of noncombustible or fire-resistive construction. NFPA 37 4.1.2.1

• Detached structures shall have ventilation to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors. NFPA 37 4.1.2.2.


• Engine rooms in structures shall have building elements of at least 1-hour fire resistance rating. NFPA 37 4.1.2.3

• Engine rooms shall have ventilation to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors. NFPA 37 4.1.2.4

Generator Location


• Exterior openings shall be protected below or within 10' of building openings. CBC Sec. 432.2.2

• Minimum 1-hour occupancy separation required when in a building. CBC Sec. 432.2.1

Generator Location


• Engines and enclosures installed on roofs shall be located at least 5 ft from openings. NFPA 37 4.1.4

• Surface beneath engines on a roof shall be noncombustible to a minimum distance of 12 in. NFPA 37 4.1.3.2

Generator Location


• Engines installed outdoors shall be located at least 5 ft from building openings. NFPA 37 4.1.4.1

• Engines installed outdoors shall be located at least 5 ft structures having combustible walls. NFPA 37 4.1.4.1

Generator Location

5 Feet

5 Feet Min.


• Adequate air shall be provided for cooling and to replenish engine combustion air. NFPA 99 Sec. 4.4.1.1.12.2

• Provisions shall be made to maintain generator room to maximum ambient air temperature required by the EPS manufacturer. NFPA 99 4.4.1.1.12.2

Generator Location


• Energy converters shall not be located in the generator room. NFPA 99 Sec. 4.4.1.1.8.1

• Generators shall not be located in a room or area used for any other purpose. CBC Section 432.2.3

Generator Location


Automatic Transfer Switches in Separate Area

• This equipment would include paralleling gear, generator monitoring equipment, etc. Equipment which shall be specifically excluded from the room would include the automatic transfer switch, normal system distribution equipment and any other equipment not essential for the operation of the engine/generator. CBC Section 432.2.3

Generator Location

Generator Protection


• Equipment located to minimize damage resulting from vandalism, tampering, or sabotage. NFPA 110 7.2.4

• No combustible materials permitted in room. Title 19 Sec. 3.19(f)



• Normal power service equipment not permitted in generator room where service equipment is <150 volts or <1000 amperes. NFPA 110 7.2.4



• Spill control & secondary containment required for aboveground storage tanks >1000 gal. CFC Sec. 3304.4



• Monitoring of secondary containment. CFC Sec. 2704.2.2.5



• Generators readily accessible for repair, maintenance, cleaning, or replacement. NFPA 110 7.2.5

• Water jacket heater provided or room heated. NFPA 99 Sec. 4.4.1.1.11



• Battery charger operated by prime mover provided. NFPA 110 Sec. 5.6.3.6

• Automatic battery charger provided. NFPA 110 Sec. 5.6.4.6



• Level 1 control panel provided at generator. NFPA 110 Sec. 5.6.5.1

• Remote audible & visible alarm at continuously monitored location. NFPA 99 Sec. 4.4.1.1.17



• Remote fuel shutoff for engines > 100 hp. NFPA 37 Sec. 8-2.2



• Remote engine shutdown for engines > 100 hp. NFPA 37 Sec 9.2.2


Generator Fuel Supply


• Minimum fuel supply for acute care hospital: 24 hours. CEC Sec. 700-12(b) Exc.1

• Minimum fuel supply for SNF, Psychiatric Hospitals, ICF: 6 hours. CEC Sec. 700-12(b) Exc. 2

• Minimum fuel supply for ambulatory surgery clinics: 4 hours. CEC Sec. 700-12(b) Exc. 3



• For Acute Care Facilities Required to Meet NPC-5, Fuel Supply Shall Be Sufficient For Not Less Than 72 Hours Full-Demand Operations.CEC Sec 700-12(b) Exc.1

• Fuel supply for exclusive use of EPSS or separate draw down. NFPA 110 Sec. 5.5.1



Generator Fuel Supply• Seismic design category C, D, E, or F, as

determined in accordance with ASCE 7, shall require a Level 1 EPSS Class X (minimum of 96 hours of fuel supply). NFPA 110 Sec. 5.1.2

• CBC Section 101.7.1 Differences. In the event of any differences between these building standards and the standard reference documents, the text of these building standards shall govern.


Generator Fuel Supply• Fuel tanks shall be sized to accommodate

the specific EPS class NFPA 110 Sec. 5.5.3

• Liquid fuel shall feed to engines by pumps only. NFPA 37 Sec. 6.9

Generator Connections


• Approved flexible fuel lines shall be used between the prime mover and the fuel piping. NFPA 110 Sec. 7.9.3.2

• Approved metallic or nonmetallic flexible connectors permitted to protect the piping. NFPA 37 Sec. 5.8.2.1



• Flexible electrical conduit connections provided. NFPA 110 Sec. 7.12.4


Generator Fuel Supply & Return Piping


• Fuel piping shall be of compatible metal to minimize electrolysis and be properly sized. NFPA 110 Sec 7.9.3

• Galvanized fuel lines shall not be used. NFPA 110 Sec. 7.9.3.1



• Piping supports protected by 2- hour fire rating or other approved means. CFC Sec. 3304.6.8



• EPS piping shall be designed to minimize damage from earthquakes. NFPA 110 Sec. 7.11.6


Generator Exhaust


• Exhaust piping shall be connected to the prime mover by means of a flexible connector. NFPA 110, 7.10.3

Generator Exhaust


• Low points in exhaust systems shall have suitable drains. NFPA 37 Sec. 8.1.5

• Exhaust systems shall terminate outside a structure. NFPA 37 Sec. 8.2.3.1

Generator Exhaust


• Exhaust termination a minimum 25' from ventilation air inlets or windows. NFPA 37 7.10.2 & CMC 407.2.1

Generator Exhaust


• Exhaust piping shall be independently supported so that no damaging weight or stress is applied to the engine exhaust manifold or turbocharger. NFPA 110 Sec 5-10.3

Generator Exhaust


• Exhaust pipes <1400 degrees F shall have clearances from combustible materials as per NFPA 37 Section 7.3.1. NFPA 37, 8.3

• Exhaust pipes >1400 degrees F shall have clearances from combustible materials as per NFPA 211. NFPA 37, 8.3

Generator Exhaust

Case Study

Generator Test Day


Case Study

Load Bank


Case Study

Generator test

underway


Case Study

Muffler Pipe Glowing Red Hot


Case Study

Smoke Showing At Exhaust Stack Roof Penetration


Case Study

Flame Showing At Exhaust Stack Roof Penetration


Case Study

Fire Department Response

State Vehicle in the Way


Case Study #3

Fire Department

Second Alarm

Response

State Vehicle Gone


Case Study #3

Fire Department

Working The Fire


Case Study #3

Generator Test Day Rescheduled

The Culprit

Generator Fuel Storage Tanks


• Fuel tanks shall be close enough to the prime mover for the fuel lift (suction head) of the prime mover fuel pump to meet the fuel system requirements, or provide a fuel transfer pump and day tank. NFPA 110 Sec. 7.9.2

Generator Day Tanks


• Not permitted near exit. CFC Sec. 7902.5.5

Generator Day Tanks


• Vents to exterior must terminate not less than 12 ft above adjacent ground level. CFC Section 3404.2.7.3.3

• Supports and connections structurally designed per CBC and NFPA 30. CFC Sec. 3404.2.7.7

Generator Day Tanks


• Spill control and secondary containment when aggregate fuel capacity > 1000 gallons. CFC Sec. 3405.3.7.6.3

• Spill control and secondary containment when above lowest story or basement. NFPA 37 Sec. 6.3.2.4

• Spill control and secondary containment when storage tanks are located on roof. NFPA 37 Sec. 6.3.4.2

Generator Day Tanks


Generator Day Tanks

Fuel Storage Maximum Allowable Quantities in Buildings – 240 Gallons


• Monitoring of secondary containment required. CFC Sec. 2704.2.2.5

• Sprinkler protection required when quantity exceeds 120 gallons. CFC Sec. 3404.3.7.5.1

Generator Day Tanks


• Flammable liquid storage room required when >480 gal. CFC Sec. 3404.3.4.3

• Liquid storage room <1000 sq ft must have at least 25% of perimeter on an exterior wall. CBC Sec. 415.3

Generator Day Tanks


• Drainage control or diking required for unprotected aboveground tanks located outside. CFC Sec. 3404.2.10

• Drainage control or diking not required for listed secondary containment tanks. CFC Sec. 3304.2.10, #2

Above Ground Tanks


• Signage in accordance with NFPA 704 and CFC Sec. 3403.5. CFC Sec. 3403.5

Generator Placards


NFPA 704HEALTH

4 = Too dangerous to enter

3 = Extreme danger—Full protective clothing

2 = Hazardous—Breathing apparatus

1 = Slight hazard

0 = No hazard FIRE

4 = Extremely flammable

3 = Ignites at normal temperatures

2 = Ignites when moderately heated

1 = Must be preheated to burn

0 = Will not burn


NFPA 704REACTIVITY

4 = May detonate—Evacuate area if fire present

3 = Shock, heat may detonate—Take cover

2 = Violent chemical change possible

1 = Unstable if heated

0 = Normally stable SPECIFIC HAZARD

OX = Oxidizer

ACID = Acid

ALK = Alkali (Base)

COR = Corrosive

W = Use NO Water


NFPA 704

Emergency Power


• Battery powered emergency lighting required (hospitals). NFPA 110 Sec. 7.3.1

• Battery charger for task illumination connected to life safety branch (hospitals). CEC Sec. 517-32(E)

Emergency Power


• Receptacles at Gen Set connected to life safety branch (hospitals). CEC Sec. 517-32(E)

• Receptacles at Gen Set connected to life safety branch (SNF's). CEC Sec. 517-42(F)

Emergency Power


• All Automatic Transfer Switches in Hospitals must have provisions for electrically by-passing and isolating the transfer switch. The switch must be capable of by-passing loads to the emergency source or normal source when voltage is available. CEC Section 517.30(B)(7)

Emergency Power


• This provision applies to ALL automatic transfer switches, including Fire Pump Controllers.

Emergency Power


• Cover plates for receptacles and light switches (or receptacles and switches themselves) supplied from the emergency system must have a distinctive color or marking. CEC Section 517.30(E)

Emergency Power


• Essential electrical systems for hospitals shall be comprised of two separate systems capable of supplying a limited amount of lighting and power service, which is considered essential for life safety and effective hospital operation during the time the normal electrical service is interrupted for any reason. These two systems shall be the emergency system and the equipment system.

• The emergency system shall be limited to circuits essential to life safety and critical patient care. These are designated the life safety branch and the critical branch.

Emergency Power


• No function other than those listed below shall be connected to the life safety branch. CEC Sec. 517.32– Illumination of Means of Egress.– Exit Signs.– Alarm and Alerting Systems.– Communications Systems, where used for issuing

instructions during emergency conditions.– Battery-powered lighting units and receptacles at the

generator set location.– Elevator cab lighting, control, communications, and

signal systems.– Automatically operated doors used for building egress.

Life Safety Branch


• The critical branch of the emergency system shall supply power for task illumination, fixed equipment, selected receptacles, and special power circuits serving the following areas and functions related to patient care:– task illumination, selected receptacles, and fixed

equipment in anesthetizing locations– isolated power systems in special environments

Critical Branch


– task illumination and selected receptacles in the following:

a. Infant nurseriesb. Medication preparation areasc. Pharmacy dispensing areasd. Selected acute nursing arease. Psychiatric bed areas (omit receptacles)f. Ward treatment roomsg. Nurses’ stations (unless adequately lighted by corridor)

– nurse call systems– blood, bone, and tissue banks– telephone equipment rooms and closets

Critical Branch


– task illumination, selected receptacles, and selected power circuits for the following:a. General care beds (at least one duplex receptacle per

patient bedroom)b. Angiographic labsc. Cardiac catheterization labsd. Coronary care unitse. Hemodialysis rooms or areasf. Emergency room treatment areasg. Human physiology labsh. Intensive care unitsi. Postoperative recovery rooms

Critical Branch


– additional task illumination, receptacles, and selected power circuits needed for effective hospital operation.

Critical Branch


• The following equipment shall be arranged for delayed automatic connection to the alternate power source:– Central suction systems serving medical and surgical functions,

including controls.– Sump pumps and other equipment required to operate for the

safety of major apparatus, including associated control systems and alarms.

– Compressed air systems serving medical and surgical functions, including controls.

– Smoke control and stair pressurization systems. – Kitchen hood supply or exhaust systems. – Supply, return, and exhaust ventilating systems for airborne

infectious/isolation rooms, protective environment rooms, exhaust fans for laboratory fume hoods, nuclear medicine areas where radioactive material is used, ethylene oxide evacuation and anesthesia evacuation.

Equipment System (Delayed Automatic Connection)


• The following equipment shall be arranged for either delayed automatic or manual connection to the alternate power source:– Heating equipment to provide heating for

operating, delivery, labor, recovery, intensive care, coronary care, nurseries, infection/isolation rooms, emergency treatment spaces, and general patient rooms and pressure maintenance (jockey) pumps for sprinkler systems.

– An elevator selected to provide service to patient, surgical, obstetrical, and ground floors during interruption of normal power.

Equipment System (Delayed Automatic or Manual Connection)


– Hyperbaric facilities.– Hypobaric facilities.– Automatically operated doors.– Minimal electrically heated autoclaving equipment

shall be permitted to be arranged for either automatic or manual connection to the alternate source.

– Controls for equipment listed in 517.34.– Other selected equipment shall be permitted to be

served by the equipment system.

Equipment System (Delayed Automatic or Manual Connection)

Exiting


• Two exits required if H Occupancy with occupant load > 3. CBC Sec. 1015.1

• Common path of travel for H-3 Occupancy > 25 ft. CBC Sec. 1014.3

Exiting


• Swing in direction of egress if H-3 Occupancy. CBC Sec. 1008.1.2

Exiting


• Panic hardware required if H-3 Occupancy. CBC Sec. 1008.1.9

Exiting

Testing, Inspection and Observation


Part 1, Title 24, Section 7-141. Administration of Construction.

• (b) All architects and engineers to whom responsibility has been delegated for preparation of plans and specifications as listed on the application shall observe the work of construction for their portion of the project. They shall consult with the person in general responsible charge in the interpretation of the approved plans and specifications, the preparation of addenda, change orders and deferred approvals, and the selection of inspectors and testing laboratories. By manual signatures they shall indicate their responsibility for and approval of change orders and deferred approvals which affect their portion of the project.


(g) The inspection, testing and observation program shall identify each professional that must, through personal knowledge as defined in Section 7-151, verify that the work is in compliance with the approved plans and specifications. The program shall give specific intervals or project milestones at which such observation is to occur for each affected participant or discipline. Each required observation shall be documented by a compliance verification report prepared by each participant or discipline and submitted to the office.

Part 1, Title 24, Section 7-141. Administration of Construction.


Part 1, Title 24, Section 7-151. Verified Compliance Reports.(b) The term "personal knowledge,” as used in this section

and as applied to the licensed engineer means personal knowledge that is obtained by periodic visits to the project site, of reasonable frequency, for the purpose of general observation of the work. It also includes knowledge that is obtained from the reporting of others as to the progress of the work, testing of materials, and inspection and supervision of the work that is performed between the periodic visits of the architect or the engineer. Reasonable diligence shall be exercised in obtaining the facts.


Part 1, Title 24, Section 7-145. Continuous Inspection of the Work.

(a) The general duties of the inspector shall be as follows:

1. The inspector shall have personal knowledge, obtained by continuous inspection of all parts of the work of construction in all stages of its progress to ensure that the work is in accordance with the approved plans and specifications.

2. Continuous inspection means complete inspection of every part of the work….


CAN 3-700-4(a)

On-Site Generator Testing


• 2-hour test with full load. NFPA 110 Sec. 7.13.6

• Cold start & 2-hour test with building load. NFPA 110 Sec. 7.13.4.1

• Cycle crank test. NFPA 110 Sec. 7.13.10

Testing


• On-site installation test shall be conducted in the following manner:

1. With the prime mover in a “cold start” condition and the emergency load at standard operating level, a primary power failure shall be initiated by opening all switches or breakers supplying the primary power to the building or facility. The test load shall be that load that is served by the EPSS.

2. The time delay on start shall be observed and recorded.

Testing – NFPA 110


Testing – NFPA 110

3. The cranking time until the prime mover starts and runs shall be observed and recorded.

4. The time required to reach operating speed shall be observed and recorded.

5. The voltage and frequency overshoot shall be recorded.

6. The time required to achieve a steady- state condition with all switches transferred to the emergency position shall be observed and recorded.

7. The voltage, frequency, and amperes shall be recorded.


8. The prime mover oil pressure and water temperature shall be recorded, where applicable, and the battery charge rate shall be recorded at 5- minute intervals for the first 15 minutes, and at 15-minute intervals thereafter.

9. The load test with building load, or other loads that simulate the intended load as specified in 3- 4.1, shall be continued for the minimum time required by Table 4.2.3 for the class, or 2 hours maximum, observing and recording load changes and the resultant effect on voltage and frequency.

Testing- NFPA 110


Testing – NFPA 11010. Primary power shall be returned to the building

or facility, and the time delay on retransfer to primary for each switch (minimum setting: 5 minutes), and the time delay on the prime mover cool-down period and shutdown shall be recorded.

Just a FEW more requirements….

CAN 2-413A.1


• Internal combustion engines serving generator sets shall be equipped with the following:1. A sensor device plus visual warning device to

indicate a water-jacket temperature below those required in 3-4.1.1.9

2. Sensor devices plus visual pre-alarm warning device to indicate the following:a. High engine temperature (above manufacturer’s

recommended safe operating temperature range)b. Low lubricating oil pressure (below manufacturer’s

recommended safe operating range)c. Low water coolant level

Safety Devices – NFPA 99


Safety Devices – NFPA 993. An automatic engine shutdown device plus visual

device to indicate that a shutdown took place due to the following:a. Overcrank (failed to start)b. Overspeedc. Low lubricating oil pressured. Excessive engine temperature

4. A common audible alarm device to warn that any one or more of the prealarm or alarm conditions exist.


• Other Types of Prime Movers. – Prime movers, other than internal

combustion engines, serving generator sets shall have appropriate safety devices plus visual and audible alarms to warn of alarm or approaching alarm conditions.

Safety Devices – NFPA 99


Safety Devices – NFPA 99• Liquid Fuel Supplies.

– Liquid fuel supplies for emergency or auxiliary power sources shall be equipped with a sensor device to warn that the main fuel tank contains less than a 3-hour operating supply.


CAN 2-413A.1


Code Application Notices and Policy Intent Notices

http://www.oshpd.ca.gov/FDD/Regulations/ pinscans.html


Thank you!Gary Dunger

Chief Fire & Life Safety OfficerOSHPD Fire Prevention Unit

700 N. Alameda Street, Suite 2-500Los Angeles, CA [email protected]

(213) 897-3111

oshpd emergency power supply systems

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