ornamental plant diseases and their managements

8/9/2019 Ornamental Plant Diseases and Their Managements

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ORNAMENTALPLANT DISEASES

AND THEIRMANAGEMENTS

CECIRLY G. PUIG USeP, CARS,Mabini ComValPre en!e" #or

$IDI,


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Physiological

Disorders are those caused byvarious environmentalfactors, rather thanbiological agents


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Disorders Include

Too m+%& li!!le -a!erToo m+%& li!!le li &!Too li!!le &+mi"i!/0r+i inToo m+%& li!!le#er!ili1erS+""en ri e #all o#!em2era!+rePlan! i !oo bi #or i!2o!

No Pathogen involved


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First Aid for DiseasedOrnamental Plants!


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Ca+ e3 Too m+%& -a!er.

Lo-er lea4e !+rn /ello-So#! !em an" "ar5 in%olorSo / oil an" reen%+m #orm on 2o!

What to do?


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Ca+ e3 Too li!!le -a!er or!oo m+%& &ea!.

Lea# e" e "r/ an" %+rl +n"erLo-er lea4e !+rn /ello- -bro-n 2o! an" #allCa%!i an" +%%+len! be%ome/ello-e"

What to do?


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Ca+ e3 Too m+%& li &!6+n %or%&

Yello- or bro-n 2a!%&e on!&e lea4eLea4e on one i"e !+rnbro-nCa%!i be%ome ello-

What to do?


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Ca+ e3 Too li!!le li &!.

S!em !re!%& !o-ar" !&e li &!o+r%e an" ro- 4er/ lonLea4e on ne- !em are 2ale7%olore" an" mall

On %a%!i, !&e ne- ro-!& loo5-ea5

What to do?


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Ca+ e3 Too li!!le&+mi"i!/.

Lea# e" e !+rn bro-n,an" e4en!+all/ lea4e

"ie an" #all o8.

What to do?


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Ca+ e3 0r+i in

Lea# !i2 !+rn bro-n,e 2e%iall/ on #ernLea4e or !em a22ear !obe %r+ &e" or bro5en

What to do?


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Ca+ e3 Too m+%er!ili1er.

Ne- ro-!& i ra2i" b+! -ea5 an"!&e 2lan! -il!A -&i!e %r+ ! o# b+il"7+2 al!"e4elo2 on !&e +r#a%e o# !&eoil 2o!

What to do?


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Ca+ e3 Too li!!le#er!ili1er.

Lea4e #a"e !o a 2ale reenLo-er lea4e !+rn /ello- an" "ro2 o8 Ne- lea4e are mall or ro-!& !o2

What to do?


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Ca+ e3 S+""en ri e or #allin !em2era!+re.

Lea4e !+rn /ello- an" #all o8+""enl/Plan! !i +e a22ear la / an"!ran l+%en!

What to do?


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Ca+ e3 Plan! i !oo bi #ori! 2o!.

Plan! a22ear %ro-"e"Roo! 2ro!r+"e #rom !&e "raina e &ole or%ro2 o+! on !o2 o# !&e oil

Plan! -il! be!-een -a!erinPro"+%e onl/ a #e- mall lea4e

What to do?Re2o! !&e 2lan! in

a lar er%on!ainer.


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Disease

Interaction between

the lant and aathogen that disru tsthe normal growth anda earance of thelant


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Cro-n Gall ( Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)

alls at the base ofthe stem or root crownor on other lant arts

Mana emen!S!eaminolari1a!ionSani!a!ionDi in#e%! !ool

7


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7(Rhizoctonia solani,Pythium

s #, etc#$

%eedlings rot at or belowthe soil line and are &illed#Pre'emergence( ost'emergence dam ing'o) If the roblem is caused

by Pythium, it usuallybegins at the root ti s#

Mana emen!ood drainage *raisedbeds, leveled +elds$areful irrigation

Planting when soil andair tem eratures arefavorable for ra idseedling emergencePro er de th ands acing of lanting%eed treatments, anddrenches of soilfungicides


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$+ ari+m 9il!(Fusarium oxysporum $

-ellowing and stunting of olderlants and yellowing, stunting,and death of seedlings#Plants wilt readily, lower leavesyellow and dry, the .ylem tissuesturn brown, and the lant maydie#

early stages/ roots are not rottedcarnation and gladiolus/ thesym toms may be one'sided at+rst#


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Mana emen!

%eeds/ hot'water treatment0fungicide'coateduse of resistant cultivars1iming soils and using nitratenitrogen fertili2er have beene)ective for management

of Fusarium oxysporum onchrysanthemum, aster, gladiolus


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yCrown Rots

(Phytophthora s #$Plants become stunted, lowin vigor, and a ear as ifthey were water stressed# Foliage yellows and thelant may wilt and die#3oots rot and stem isgirdled by the fungi at orbelow the soil line,resulting in a dar& brownrot#


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Mana emen!

roviding good drainage and watermanagementlean lanting materials%anitation%oil solari2ation ( heat treatment


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P&/!o2la ma

yellowing and dwar+ng, distorted foliage,and the abnormal roduction of shoots#Flowers may not develo normally and

are often re laced by green leafystructures#

4anagement/ontrol the insect vectors%anitation


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Mana emen!

use of resistant cultivarsincreased air movement around thelants in the greenhouse(nursery


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Pythium 3oot 3ot ( Pythium s # $

A ttac&s 5uvenile tissues suchas the root ti #6lac& rot of the entire rimaryroot and may even move u

into the stem tissue#7nder wet conditions broughtabout by oor soil drainage ore.cess irrigation, more andmore roots are &illed and the

lant may wilt, sto growing,or even colla se and die#6ulbs of susce tible lantsturn blac&, graduallydesiccate, and form a hard

mummy#


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Mana emen!

ood drainage%anitation%oil solari2ation(heat treatment


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Rust ( Puccinia s # and others $

3ust ustules a ear asowdery masses ofyellow, orange, ur le,

blac&, or brown s ores onleaves and sometimes onstems#

Pustules are usuallyfound on the undersidesof leaves#


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Mana emen!

hot water treatment of cuttingseliminate alternate hosts if theyoccur and rune o) infected stal&sAvoid overhead irrigation


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Blight ( #clerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, etc$ $

basal stem rots *cottonyrot$

discoloration of lowerleaves, wilting, lantcolla se, and death#


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Mana emen!

hot water treatment of lantingmaterials8eat treatment or solari2ation ofotting medium


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Black rot


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Mana emen!


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Roo! Ro!


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Ascochyta

Ascochyta leafsym toms Ascochyta stem

sym toms


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Disease Symptoms Pathogen/Cause Management

ASCOCHYTARAY BLIGHT

Flowerdevelopment isretarded on oneside of the b d!"etals e#hibit a

browndis$oloration!Brownin% and

bla$&enin% e#tendsdown the stem'

$a sin% the flowerto droop! Brown to

bla$& irre% larl(shaped spotsdevelop on leaves!

Ascochyta(Mycosphaerella)

Avoid overheadirri%ation! Appl($hlorothalonil'

propi$ona)ole'fl dio#onil' $opperh(dro#ide'iprodione' orthiophanate meth(l* man$o)eb as afoliar spra(!


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6acterial 6light

6acterial blight*9rwinia$#


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BACT+RIALBLIGHT

C ttin%s t rn dar& brown and$ollapse!S rvivin% $ ttin%sma( be infe$ted

b t have nos(mptoms!+stablished plantswilt d rin% the da(when infe$ted andre$over at ni%ht!

Erwiniachrysanthemi

" r$hase $ lt re,inde#ed $ ttin%sthat are free of the

patho%en!-isinfe$t

propa%ation beds between $rops!-estro( infe$ted$ ttin%s!


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6acterial 1eaf s ot

6acterial leaf s ot*Pseudomonas$#


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BACT+RIALL+AF S"OT

Small dar& brownto bla$& spots onlower leavesenlar%e and be$ome

irre% lar in shape!.hen infe$tedleaves dr(' thespots be$ome

brittle and $ra$&!The disease oftenspreads p plants inone side of the pot'event all( to theflowers!

Pseudomonascichorii

-o not plantinfe$ted $ ttin%s!

Avoid overheadirri%ation! .ater ina manner that &eepsleaf s rfa$es dr( atall times! "rote$t

plants %rowno tdoors fromsplashin%!


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Foliar nematode

Foliar nematodesym toms#


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arnation/ Alternaria leaf s ot

Alternaria leaf s ot


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ALTERNARIALEA$ SPOT

Small

2+r2li &2o! #orm onlea4e . T&eir%en!erbe%omebro-n -&ile!&e lea#/ello- .

Alternariadianthicola or

Alternaria

dianthi

A22l/%&loro!&alonil,2ro2i%ona1ol

e, :+"io;onil,%o22er&/"ro;i"e,i2ro"ione,man%o1eb, orman%o1eb


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R+ !

3ust


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RUST

Small bli !er%on!aininr+ !7re"2ore #orm

on lea4e .

Uromycesdianthi

A22l/%&loro!&alonil,2ro2i%ona1ol

e,m/%lob+!anil,1iram,man%o1eb

me!&/l,!ria"ime#on,or !ri#orine !o2ro!e%!&eal!&/2lan! .


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6otrytis etal blight

6otrytis etal blight


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%ym toms/%traw'colored tolight brown rot ofthe lower, olderortion of the :owerFlower surface ;covered with gray,fu22y masses ofs ores of the fungus

4anagement/%anitation ; removeand burn infectedtissues, rottinglants, other debrisA ly fungicidals rays to thefoliage to reventcoloni2ation ofsenescent leaves#

P 4 !i i 0 !!


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Pre4en!ion i 0e!!er!&an CURE===

C+l!+ral Mana emen!&o+l" be !ri%!l/

#ollo-e".

I! symptoms persist"call a plant pathologist#$


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-our Plant Doctors/

P&ili22ine P&/!o2a!&olo i%alSo%ie!/, In%.

>So+!&ern Min"anao Di4i ion?

CECIRLY G. PUIGAsst# Professor > @< B

ontact/ 4obile ; >B@BC

ornamental plant diseases and their managements

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