McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 1

Introduction to Operations Management

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Chapter 1: Learning Objectives

• You should be able to:– Define the term operations management

– Identify the three major functional areas of organizations and describe how they interrelate

– Compare and contrast service and manufacturing operations

– Describe the operations function and the nature of the operations manager’s job

– Identify the two major aspects of process management

– Describe the key aspects of operations management decision making

– Briefly describe the historical evolution of operations management

– Identify current trends in business that impact operations management

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Operations Management

• What is operations?– The part of a business organization that is responsible

for producing goods or services

• How can we define operations management?– The management of systems or processes that create

goods and/or provide services

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Supply Chain

Suppliers’suppliers

Directsuppliers

Producer DistributorFinal

Customers

Supply Chain – a sequence of activities and organizations involved in producing and delivering a good or service

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Goods are physical items that include raw materials, parts, subassemblies, and final products.

•Automobile•Computer•Oven•Shampoo

Services are activities that provide some combination of time, location, form or psychological value.

•Air travel•Education•Haircut•Legal counsel

Good or Service?

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The operations function includes many interrelated activities such as:

– Forecasting– Capacity planning– Scheduling– Managing inventories– Assuring quality– Motivating employees– Deciding where to locate facilities– And more . . .

Scope of Operations Management

The scope of operations management ranges across the organization.

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The Operations Function consists of all activities directly related to producing goods or providing services.

A primary function of the operations manager is to guide the system by decision making.

– System Design Decisions

– System Operation Decisions

Role of the Operations Manager

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Why Manufacturing Matters

• Over 18 million workers in manufacturing jobs• Accounts for over 70% of value of U.S. exports• Average full-time compensation about 20% higher than

average for all workers• Manufacturing workers more likely to have benefits• Productivity growth in manufacturing in the last 5 years is

more than double that of the U.S. economy

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Why Study OM?

• Every aspect of business revolves around operations• Many service jobs are closely related to operations

– Financial services– Marketing services– Accounting services– Information services

• There is a significant amount of interaction and collaboration amongst the functional areas

• It provides an excellent vehicle for understanding the world in which we live

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Career Opportunities in OM

• Operations manager• Production analyst• Production manager• Industrial engineer• Time study analyst• Inventory manager• Quality analyst• Quality manager

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OM-Related Professional Societies

• APICS - The Association for Operations Management• American Society for Quality (ASQ)• Institute for Supply Management (ISM)• Institute for Operations Research and Management Science

(INFORMS)• The Production and Operations Management Society (POMS)• The Project Management Institute (PMI)• Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP)

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Decision Making

• Most operations decisions involve many alternatives that can have quite different impacts on costs or profits

• Typical operations decisions include:

– What: What resources are needed, and in what amounts?

– When: When will each resource be needed? When should the work be

scheduled? When should materials and other supplies be ordered?

– Where: Where will the work be done?

– How: How will he product or service be designed? How will the work

be done? How will resources be allocated?

– Who: Who will do the work?

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Ethics

Ethical issues have gained increasing visibility in recent years.– Enron– Worldcom– Tyco

• Can you think of any positive displays of business ethics?• Why do people do things that are unethical?• Can ethics be taught? More importantly, will teaching

business ethics make a difference in people’s behavior?

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Historical Evolution of OM

• Industrial Revolution• Scientific Management• Human Relations Movement• Decision Models and Management Science• Influence of Japanese Manufacturers

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Key Trends and Issues in Business

• E-Business & E-Commerce• Management of Technology• Globalization• Management of Supply Chains• Outsourcing• Agility• Ethical Behavior