Origin and Dev’t of Phil. Literature

1. THE TABON MAN 

- is thought as the earliest human in the Philippines;

- were discovered by Robert B. Fox on May 28, 1962, an anthropologist of National Museum of the Philippines in Tabon Cave, Lipuun Point, Municipality of Quezon, Palawan.

Pre-Colonial/Pre-Hispanic Period

skullcap (14,500 B.C)

Tabon Man3 jawbones or mandibles (29,000 B.C.)

and the tibia (bone of the lower leg, 45,000 B.C.)

Possible look of Tabon Man Tagbanua: Possible Decendants

The Tabon Man is a modern man or homo sapiens (as distinguished from a mid-pleistocene homo erectus species).

This means the fossilized remains was pre-mongoloid (pre modern Malay, Indonesian, pacific, Filipino) and does not resemble a negrito.

The team also found: burial jars, earthenware, jade ornaments & other jewelry, stone tools, animal bones, & human fossils dating back to 47,000 years ago

Trivia

Also found: finished stone flake tools, waste core flakes and charcoal used by Tabon man for cooking. Charcoals was dated back 7,000 to 22,000 B.C. It is thought that the cave was a habitation of man for a period of 50,000 to 9,000 years ago based on all relics and artifacts found.

The caves are called after the Tabon Scrubfowl. Out of 200 caves that are recognized to exist on Lipuun Point, 29 are searched caves, with Diwata Cave and Liyang Cave open to the public. They are preserved by the National Museum.

Tabon Cave

Kali Warrior

The Filipino ancient warrior systems are sometimes referred to as Arnis, Escrima, the most popular names. Arnis, Eskrima or Escrima is a Spanish origin. "Kali" is the ancient indigenous name taken from the word: Kalis." Kalis is an ancient blade which is also native to the Filipino people.

New discovery of Callao Man (in Callao Cave, Cagayan, 2007): foot bone

A team of archaeologists led by Dr. Armand Mijares (UP-Diliman) has confirmed that it was at least 67,000 years old. Tabon Man’s remains were a relatively 50,000 years old.

The primary theory is that Callao Man, or his ancestors, reached Luzon from what is now Indonesia by raft at a time when experts did not think human beings were capable of traveling long distances by sea.

However, the scientists also found signs that Callao Man might not have been fully human, but only a species akin to modern man.

The Callao Man

Callao Man

- the alphabet system of The Phils. during pre-hispanic times (system originated fr. the Javanese script of Old Kawi & is a member of the Brahmic family which includes The Burmese abugida, Tamil and Malayalam). Unfortunately, the use of baybayin was discouraged by The Spaniards and was in fact prohibited. The Filipino language was later romanized and still used this form today.

Baybayin: The Lost Filipino Script Ancient Filipino Writing System

Baybayin

Old Kawi Script

Pre-Colonial

Philippine

Literature

The discovery of the "Tabon Man“ proves that the early Filipinos grew in control over their environment.

The community are pagans believing in spiritual beings residing in nature

Phil Lit was in Oral Literature form (Oral Lore)Subjects: nature, anitos and way of livingKinds of Oral Lit:1. Folk songs 3. Folk speeches2. Folk narratives

Pre-Colonial or Pre-Spanish Period 

Early Times - 1564

Much of the valuable info were lost by decay and because the missionaries destroyed those that remained, believing that indigenous pagan culture was the handicraft of the devil himself.

How did the unique indigenous culture survive colonization?

• by passing the info through oral means;

• by resistance to colonial rule • (the Maranaws, the Maguindanaws, and

the Tausogs of Mindanao and Igorots, Ifugao, Bontocs and Kalingas of the Mountain Province) ;

• by isolation • (The Tagbanwas, Tagabilis, Mangyans,

Bagobos, Manuvus, Bilaan, Bukidnons, and Isneg)

- are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre-Spanish period

- These songs mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of these have 12 syllables.

- a form of folk lyric which expresses the people’s hopes, aspirations, and lifestyles

- repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive- traditional songs and melodies- inspired by the reaction of the people to their

environment

Kinds of Folk Lit: 1. Folk songs

Here are the examples:a. Kundiman or love songs (ex. Panawagan and balitao, Ilongo; harana or serenade, Cebuano)

Pamulinawen

Pamulinawen, pusoc indengan man,Toy umas-asog, aagrayo ta sadiamPanunutem man ta dika paguin-

tutulnganToy agayat a agrucnoy ito emmam

Adu nga sabsabung, adu nga rosrosas,Ti adda’t ditoy nga mabuy-buyac,Ngem awan manlaeng ti sabali nga

liwliwakNo di la dayto sudim ken immas.

Essem mot’diac calipatanKen nasudi unay a naganTa uray sadin tiyan,Disso sadino man,Aw-awagac a di agsarday

Ta nagan mo nga casamitanNo malaquip ca,Pusoc ta mabang-araw

Noumulogac nga mapan magmag na Dayta raniag mo, Neneng nga Gapu

kenca.

Stone-hearted

Hey, stone-hearted, listen to my pleadings

There are many flowers here, but there is nothing that gives me comfort but you

I will never forget your sweetness and good name. No matter where I go, I keep calling you.

When I think of you, my heart is relieved.

In my travels I always think about beauty. When I rest I cannot sleep because of you.

Sitsiritsit

Sitsiritsit, alibangbang,

Salaginto, salagubang

Ang babae sa lansangan,

Kung gumiri’y parang tandang.

Santo Nino sa Pandacan,

Puto seco sa tindahan,

Kung ayaw kang magpautang

Uubusin ka ng langgam.

Mama, mama, namamangka,

Pasakayin yaring bata,

Pagdating sa Maynila,

Ipagpalit ng manika.

Ale-ale namamayong,

Pasukubin yaring sanggol,

Pagdating sa Malabon, Ipagpalit ng baggong.

Katurog na, NenengKaturog na, batyaDai pa si Tay moNaganap ki siraPagabot nya Neneng, Humigop ka, NenengNgani kang tumaba

Bicol lullabye

Sleep now, NenengSleep now, pleaseYour father is not yet here .He has gone fishingWhen he arrives, NenengTake the soup, NenengTo fatten you up.

b. Kumintang o Tagumpay – a war song (that later became a love song during the Spanish period)c. Oyayi o Hele, Ili-ili in Ilongo - Lullabyes

d. Work songs (ex. Soliranin – Tagalog rowing song;

Mambayu – a Kalinga rice-pounding song)e. Talindaw - a boat songf. Drinking songs – Tagay (Cebuano and Waray);g. lamentations – for the dead - ex. Kanogon (Cebuano), Annako (Bontoc)

Kinds of Folk Songs

g. Dalit o Imno (Psalms). Of two kinds: a. mournful prayer in song, b. epicdythrambical taleKinakalambre sa lamig,

Buhok man ay nagkulay tsok,Lalamunan ma'y napaos,Walang lubay sa paghubogNg magiging manunubos.Gregorio Rodillo

Malayo man ako ngayon,kaulayaw bawat alon.Ako'y nalagas na dahon,sa ibang bayan umahon.Roger Endaya

laging may ulang tikatik,bayang parating may sakit,iaangat ng pag-ibig.Frank Rivera

Di pa hinog sa panahon,tinutuka na ng ibon.Bungang natakpan ng dahon,sinusungkit na ng gutom.Ferdinand Bajado

h. Subli – dance-ritual song of courtship /marriagei. Tagulaylay- songs of the dead

Kinds of Folk Lit: 2. Folk SpeechClose to the religious and political organizations of the

ancient Filipinos• The verses were addressed to the ears rather than the

eyesVerses composed and sung were regarded as group propertyVersification:

Octosyllabic Legendary and religious poems

DodecasyllabicRomance

1. Ate mo, ate ko, Ate ng lahat ng tao. (My sister, your sister,

everyone's sister) Atis (Sugar Apple)

2. Manok kong pulaUmakyat sa SampagaNagpakita ng ganda

Araw – sun

3. May isa kang kaibiganKasama mo sa higaanBago ka pagnakawanIkawa muna’y kakantahan

Lamok - mosquito

1. Rhyming couplet2. Rhyming tercet3. Monorhyming

quatrain4. Quatrain in 2

rhyming couplets

4. Ang aso ko sa MalabonLumukso ng pitong balonUmulit ng pitong gubatBago nagtanaw dagat.(sungkaan)

It is used as battle of wits to pass the time and be together with family and friends

It uses one or more images as metaphor to refer to an object to be guessed.

It enriches the imagination and sharpen the senses.

It is generally poetic in form and come in 1, 2, 3, or 4 lines

a. Riddle (bugtong)

Aanhin pa ang damo kung patay na ang kabayo.

Matibay ang walis palibhasa's magkabigkis.

Bahay mo man ay bato kung tumitira'y kuwago mabuti pa ang isang kubo na ang nakatira ay tao.

Ang matapat na kaibigan, tunay na maaasahan.

What good is the grass if the horse that will eat it is dead.

The broom is sturdy Because it is tightly bound.

Even if the house is big, if the inhabitant is an owl It is better to have a small hut whose inhabitant are real caring people.

You will know a true friend in time of need.

1. Kuwarta na, naging bato pa.What was already money turned to stone.

2. Ang isip ay parang itak, sa hasa tumatalas. The mind is like a knife honed by sharpening.

3. Kung anong bukang bibig ay siyang nilalaman ng dibdib. What comes out of your mouth is what is in your heart.

4. Wala nang hihigit pang kadakilaan sa pag-alay ng buhay sa bayan.There is no greater nobility than offering one's life to the nation.

5. Walang mahirap na gawa 'pag dinaan sa tiyaga.Nothing's hard to do if you pursue it through perseverance.

6. Ang kaginhawaan ay nasa kasiyahan, at wala sa kasaganaan.Well-being is in happiness and not in prosperity.

7. Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang wika ay mahigit pa sa hayop at malansang isda. A person who does not love his own language is worse than beast and foul-smelling fish.  (This is a quote attributed to José Rizal.)

8.Ang isang bugok na itlog kapag sinama sa mga mabuting itlogbubugukin din ang iba.

9. Sungay mo’y dala mo, buntot mo’y hila mo.

10. Lumilipas ang kagandahan,Ngunit hindi ang kabutihan

11. Ipakilala mo sa ‘kin ang iyong kaibigan, at sasabihin ko kung sino ka.

A spoiled egg when put together with the good ones will spoil all.

Your own tail, you pull your own horn, you carry

Beauty fades but not character.

Show me your friends, and I’ll tell you who you are.

b. Kasabihan: Filipino Sayings A saying is an often repeated and familiar expression.

c. A Proverb: Salawikain is an old and popular saying that illustrates something such as a basic truth or a practical precept. It’s a short sentence that is very meaningful and aims to provide guidance in everyday living.

The difference between a saying and a proverb? Not much. Simply put, a proverb is a saying that is older and has more history!

d. Sawikain: Idioms or idiomatic expression A saying is an often repeated and familiar expression.Often, mistaken as salawikain.

kumukulo ang dugo"blood is boiling" = is very angry

masama ang loob"inside is bad" = is harboring a grudge towards someone

mabigat ang kamay"hand is heavy" = lazy

isulat sa tubig"write on water" = forget about it

mababaw ang luha"tears are shallow" = used to describe someone who easily criestengang kawalifrying-pan ears (pretending to be deaf)

nagbabatak ng buto pulls one's bones (physically working hard)

magsunog ng kilayburn eyebrows (study hard = burn the midnight oil)

Kinds of Folk Lit: 2. Folk Speech

e. BULONG (chants)Used in witchcraft or enchantments

Sa hinaba-haba ng prusisyonSa simbahan din pala ang tuloy

Tabi, tabi po, Ingkong Makikiraan po lamang

Ikaw ang nagnanakaw ng bigas koLumuwa sana ang mga mata moMamaga sana ang katawan moPatayin ka ng mga anito.

a. MYTHS – are prose narratives explaining how the world and people came to be- considered to be true stories- main characters can be both human and visitors. Ex. Tungkung Langit and Alunsina

Story of Bathala Visayan version

Kinds of Folk Lit.: 3. FOLK NARRATIVE

Presence of different deitiesEx. Bathala

LakambakodMythical creatures

AswangDilaDiwataDwendeTikbalangMankukulam

b. Legends – prose narrative accounts of an extraordinary happening believed to have occurred

c. Epic – revolve around supernatural events or heroic deeds, and they embody the beliefs and customs of a community

- sung or chanted during the harvests, weddings,or funerals

- are sung or chanted to the accompaniment of indigenous musical instruments, and dancing

- other names: Guman (Subanon), Hudhud (Ifugao)Also called Metrical Tales -

Folk narrative examples :

a. Bidasari-Moro epic

b. Biag ni Lam-ang-Ilokano epic

c. Maragtas-Visayan epic

d. Haraya-Visayan epic

e. Lagda-Visayan epic

f. Hari sa Bukid-Visayan epic

g. Kumintang-Tagalog epic

h. Parang Sabir-Moro epic

i. Dagoy at Sudsod-Tagbaua epic

j. Tatuaang-Bagobo epic

k. Indarapatra at Sulayman

l. Bantugan.

m. Daramoke-A-Babay Moro epic in Darangan

n. Urduja

o. Kalinga – Ulaliim

p. Hinilawod – Sulod

o. Darangen – Maranao

p. Ulahingan – Manobo

q. Kulaman - Palawan

IBALON FESTIVAL

Hinilawod

http://folklore.philsites.net/http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title

=Ambahanhttp://tagaloglang.com/Philippine-Literat

ure/Filipino-Epics/mga-epiko-ng-pilipinas.html

http://www.camperspoint.com/spip.php?article227