Orbits and Orbitals

KLMvs

spdf

KLM and spdf???

• KLM – old style lettering for the “shells” or “orbits”. K is closest to the nucleus, L is next, M (N,O,P etc)

• Now we know that KLM is “really” the “Principle Quantum Number” 1,2,3 for the energy levels

• spdf – refers to the shape of the “orbital” – according to Pauli (the Pauli Exclusion Principle) no orbital can have more than 2 e- in it. (one spin up, one spin down)

Magic Numbers

2 – 8 – 8 – 18 -182 – 8 – 8 – 18 -18

2 – 6 – 10 – 14 2 – 6 – 10 – 14 (1,3,5,7)(1,3,5,7)

Aufbau principle

Bonding

• CovalentCovalent – equal sharing of electrons

• Polar CovalentPolar Covalent- unequal sharing of electrons

• IonicIonic

• -total stealing / giving of electrons

(it’s all about the electronegativity)

covalent

ionic

electronegativity

DisclaimerAloha

I put together these power points for use in my science classes.You may use them in your classes.

Some images are public domain, some are used under the fair-use provisions of the copyright law, some are mine. Copyright is retained by the owners!

Ted Brattstrom