Orbits and Orbitals
KLMvs
spdf
KLM and spdf???
• KLM – old style lettering for the “shells” or “orbits”. K is closest to the nucleus, L is next, M (N,O,P etc)
• Now we know that KLM is “really” the “Principle Quantum Number” 1,2,3 for the energy levels
• spdf – refers to the shape of the “orbital” – according to Pauli (the Pauli Exclusion Principle) no orbital can have more than 2 e- in it. (one spin up, one spin down)
Magic Numbers
2 – 8 – 8 – 18 -182 – 8 – 8 – 18 -18
2 – 6 – 10 – 14 2 – 6 – 10 – 14 (1,3,5,7)(1,3,5,7)
Aufbau principle
Bonding
• CovalentCovalent – equal sharing of electrons
• Polar CovalentPolar Covalent- unequal sharing of electrons
• IonicIonic
• -total stealing / giving of electrons
(it’s all about the electronegativity)
covalent
ionic
electronegativity
DisclaimerAloha
I put together these power points for use in my science classes.You may use them in your classes.
Some images are public domain, some are used under the fair-use provisions of the copyright law, some are mine. Copyright is retained by the owners!
Ted Brattstrom