Or

How to Control the Behavior of the People

Around You Without Them Knowing It.

Stimulus Response

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response

Neutral Stimulus

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response

Neutral Stimulus

Conditioned ResponseConditioned Stimulus

• Pepper and Smoking

• Treatment for phobias and aversions

• Relief for Insomniacs

• MIT football

• Cancer and Chemotherapy

• Acne and the folks

• The case of drugs and environment

Cocaine Loss of Homeostasis – body reacts

Physical Environment Cocaine

Physical Environment Loss of Homeostasis

Reward Punishment

Reinforcement Punishment

Positive

Negative

Chocolate Bar Electric Shock

Excused from Chores

No TV privileges

Fixed

Variable

RatioInterval

• Project Pigeon (military)

• Project Pigeon (Coast Guard)

• Cure for Bedwetting

• Sports Superstitions

• Training Seeing Eye Dogs

• How to raise yer kids

Prevent a dog from escaping electric shocks, and it will stop trying to get away.

Applications for abused women and children

Generalization – Learning on stimulus A changes behavior regarding stimulus B

Discrimination – Learning on stimulus A doesn’t change behavior regarding stimulus B

Extinction – Loss of learned behavior after training stops

Spontaneous Recovery – Exhibiting learned behavior after extinction has occurred.

Rats

Dogs

Bunnies

Santa Claus

Coats

Learning from observation

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Hebbian Explanation:The more frequently two objects are paired, the greater the association.

Association

# of times paired

+

Rescorla-Wagner ModelThe amount of association increases relative to the surprise of the pairing

Association

# of times paired

Group 1 = always food

Group 2 = delayed food

Group 3 = never food0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 5 10 15

1) Conditioning your friends to perform embarrassing stunts in public is fun, but possibly unethical

2) Conditioning may account for a lot of behavior, but it can’t account for all of it.

3) A pencil sharpener works by sticking a pencil in the little hole, and turning the lever