(Opportunity for Indian Coal Application)

Bijay Kumar Sharma

Presented By

Former scientist-G & HOD, Gasification Division

EMERITUS SCIENTIST-CSIR

(Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New D elhi)

CIMFR, Dhanbad, JHARKHAND, India 826015

Erstwhile CMRI

1956

CIMFR

2007

Erstwhile CFRI

1946

Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research

Dhanbad, India

• Resource Quality assessment

• Rock Mechanics & GroundControl

• Mining technology

• Mining Environment &Safety

• Blasting & Explosive

• Mine Communication & Instrumentation

• Tunnel, Dam & Space Technology

• Coal Science

• Coal beneficiation

• Coal Carbonization

• Coal Combustion

• Coal Gasification

• Coal liquefaction

• Waste management

Core Competencies

Coal• Abundant Fuel resource in

India.• Major Source of Energy.• Significant Player in

Economic Growth.• Clean Coal Technologies.• Gasification provides

alternative to NG.

INTRODUCTION

�What do you mean Energy efficiency?

�How best to utilize high ash coal for energy sustainability &

challenge?

�Why economical method/device needed for gas cleaning for end

user?

Presentation covers the to all the above points as well as critical

analysis of resource vis-à-vis economical method need for gas

cleaning used in novel gasifier proposed. It will also cover a

proposed plan UNECE and the forum to collaborate with Indian

entrepreneur to explore technological concepts that as

gasification of high ash coal for use in combined cycle plants.

Primary Energy Consumption(India)-2004-05

32%

8%54%

1%

5%Oil

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear Energy

Hydro-Electric

(Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2005 )

Prim ary Energy Cons um ption(India)-2024-25

25

2050

2

3Oil

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear Energy

Hydro-Electric

(Source: GoI’s Hydrocarbons Vision-2025 Report)

Fuel India World OECD Oil 32 37 41 Natural Gas 8 24 23 Coal 54 27 21 Nuclear Energy 1 6 10 Hydro Electric 5 6 5 Total 100 100 100

Fuel-wise Primary Energy Consumption

Primary Energy Mix-World: (Oil & Gas)- 61%, India: Coal - 54%

All figures are in percent*OECD-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Dev elopment(Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2005 )

%

%%

%

%%

%

%%

%

%

%

%

%%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%%

%

%

%

68° 72° 76° 80° 84° 88° 92° 96°

36°

32°

28°

24°

20°

16°

12°

8°

92°88°84°80°76°72°

1

2

4

5

0

28

1

11

4

10

221

212

226

7 8

23 63 35 0

339 32

33 3534

36

3739

4938

4144

4340

42

45 46

4749

4850

51

5352

54

55

696768

5657

66

656463

626160

59

58

15

79

23

2425

26

22

27

3247 3128

5133

343044 43

29

41 353748

4539 3849

46

40425052

553653

565457

62 8

659

647

6657

7

6

78

7

7

1

69

0

.

9

1

2

3

4

56

0

20

111 14

2112 1 11

# 0

9

12

3

4

56

8 7

0

2

4 2151

1

1 161

Sr nagar

S mla

Chand garh

New Delhi

Jaipur Lucknow

Patna

Gangtok Itanagar

DispurKohima

Imphal

Shillong

AizawlAgartala

Kolkata

Bhubaneswar

Chennai

Pondicherry

Tiruvanantapuram

Bangalore

Hyderabad

Mumbai

Panaji

Gandhinagar Bhopal

8°

12°

16°

20°

24°

28°

32°

36°

Ranchi

Dehradun

Raipur

COALFIELDS AND LIGNITE OCCURRENCESOF

I N D I A350 0 350 km

52%52%48%48%

26%26%

74%74%

96%96%

4%4%

Rajmahal

Raniganj

S.Karanpura

51%51%49%49%

Pench-Kanhan

62%62%38%38%

Sohagpur

24%24%

76%76%

Singrauli

31%31%69%69%

Tatapani

8%8%

92%92%

Mand-Raigarh

19%19%

81%81%

Hasdo-Arand

3%

97%97%

Ib-River

95%95%

5%5%

Talcher

25%25%

75%75%Godavari

8%8%

92%92%

Korba

10%

90%90%

Wardha

31%31%

69%69%Kamptee

QUALITYQUALITY--WISE VARIATION OF WISE VARIATION OF NONNON--COKING COAL OVER COKING COAL OVER

MAJOR GONDWANA MAJOR GONDWANA COALFIELDS OF INDIACOALFIELDS OF INDIA

Superior Non-Coking

Inferior Non-Coking

Distribution of non-coking coal in major Coalfield

within 600-1200m(in

bill

ion

tonn

e)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Raniganj Godavari Jharia Talcher Birbhum Sonhat

Distribution of power grade coal in major Coalfield

within 600-1200m(in

bill

ion

tonn

e)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Jharia Raniganj Talcher Godavari Birbhum

Distribution of Superior grade coal in major Coalfi eld

within 600-1200m(in

bill

ion

tonn

e)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Raniganj Godavari Birbhum Sonhat Talcher

Coal occurs in two stratigraphic horizons

%

%

%

%

%

%

m m m

m

m

mmmm

m

m

m

Lucknow

Patna

Calcutta

Bhubaneswar

Hyderabad

Bhopal

80° 84° 88°

24°

20°

16°

84°

16°

20°

24°

69

55

71

51

66

68

76

3541

64

5657

656775

27

37

58

77

50 4548

73

42 38

74

32

46

47

70

72

54

52

3430

78

3653

6263

61

59

60

4944 43

39

40

3331 28

29

22

26

80°

22. Singrimari26. Darjeeling27. Rajmahal28. Birbhum29. Tangsuli30. Kundait Kariah

33,34. Giridih

31. Saharjuri32. Jainti

36. Barjora

38. East Bokaro

40. Ramgarh

42. South Karanpura43. Chope44. Itkhori45. Auranga46. Hutar

48,49,50. Tatapani-Ramkola47. Daltonganj

35. Raniganj

39. West Bokaro

41. North Karanpura

37. Jharia

88°

51. Singrauli52. Korar53. Umaria54. Johila55. Sihagpur56. Sonhat-Jhil imili57. Bisrampur58. Lakhanpur59. Panchbahini60. Dhamamunda61. Koreagarh62. Chirimiri63. Sendurgarh64. Hasdo-Arand65. Korba66. Mand-Raigarh67. Ib River68. Talcher69. Godavari70. Yellendu71. Wardha72. Bander73. Umrer74. Kamptee75. Pench-Kanhan76. Pathakhera77. Tawa78. Mohpani

500 0 500 Kilometerskm

%%

%

%

%

%

%%

%

mm

m

m

m m m

m

m

Shillong

23

1

23

42425

56

87

910

22 20 1119 14 1215

132118

16

17

1. Miao-bum 2. Namchik-Namphuk 3. Makum 4. Dilli-Jeypore 5. Tiju 6. Borjan 7. Tuen Sang 8. Jhanzi-Disai 9. Koilajan10. Diphu11. Bapung12. Pynursla

Tertiary Coalfields

13. Cherrapunji14. Laitryngew15. Mawsynram16. Mawlong Shella17. Langrin18. Balphakram-Pendenggru19. West Darangiri20. Rongrenggri21. Siju

22. Singrimari23. Abor Hills24. Daphla Hills25. Aka Hills

Gondwana Coalfields

92°

28°

96°

28°

24°

92° 88° 84°

24°

GangtokItanagar

Dispur

Kohima

Imphal

AizawlAgartala

Shillong

Calcutta

100 0 100 km

Permian sediments (c. 290Ma) mostly deposited in Intracratonic

Gondwana basins.

Early Tertiary (c. 60Ma) near-shore peri-cratonic basins

and shelves.

Tertiary coalfields

Lower Gondwana coalfields

%

%

%

m

m

m

m m

m

m

m

m

mm

m

m

Srinagar

Jaipur

Gandhinagar

72° 76° 80°

36°

36°

32°

32°

28°

28°

24°

24°

80° 76°

1

52 54

3

8 5

53

9

7

51

17

19

6

30

48

11

45

27

49

15

46

28

16

1012

1314

2324

2629

222120

31 3233

353436

404138

39 37

4443

5047

24

1.Nichahom Baramula 2.Nagbal3,4.Firozpur Shaliganga 5.Khari 6.Gangashahr 7.Sarup Desar 8.Mudh 9.9Kolayat10.Gura

11.Chaneri

12.Bithnok

13.Mandal Charnan14.Raneri15.Hira Ki Dhani

16.Lalamdesar17.Bar Singhsar

18.Palana

19.Kasnau20.Kuchera21.Nimbri22.Marwar Chapri23.Butati24.Merta Road25.Hansiyas26.Gangarda27.Lamba Jatan28.Mokala29.Indawar30.Nagarda31.Nimla32.Bharka33.Botiya

34.Hamir ji ki Dhani35.kapurdi

36.Jalipa37.Lakhpat

38.Dhedadi39.Pranpur

40.Kaiyari

41.Panandhro

42.Akhrimota

43.Fulradam44.Umarsar

45.Mudia46.Mata No Madh47.Jularai

48.Waghapadar49.Lefri

50.Hamla51.Nanaratadia

52.Lakhanka Kharsalia53.Bhuri

54.Shah Vastan

Lignite Occurrences

42

Coalfields79. Kalakot-Metka

79

500 0 500 km

Lignite

Occurrences

Workable deposits

g

g

g

g

g

g

m m

m

m

mmm

m

m

m

55

5657

6665

59

646362

6160

696768

58

76° 80°

8°

12°

16°

8°

12°

16°

76° 80°

55. Ratnagiri56. Nileswaram57. Madayi58. Warkala59. Mannargudi60. Jayamkonda Cholapuram61. Lalpettai62. Srimushnam63. Neyveli South64. Bhubangiri65. Neyveli East66. Bahur67, 68, 69. Eluru-Rajamundri

Lignite

Occurrences

HYDERABAD

PANAJI

BANGALORE

CHENNAI

PONDICHERY

TIRUVANTAPURAM

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Tamil N

aduRAJA

STHAN

GUJAR

ATPon

diche

rry

J&K

KERALA

Billion

Tonne

Total Resource:38.3 b.t.

Out of total lignite resource (38.27 billion tonne)

9.4 billion tonne are of quarriable prospect

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pro

ved

To

be p

rove

d

> 15

0m d

epth

4.18 5.22 28.87

Open cast prospect

25%

75%

Open cast pro

spect

Open cast pro

spect

UCG/CBM pro

spect

UCG/CBM pro

spect

38.27 billion tonne38.27 billion tonne

Different forms of Gasification

•Gasification process which differs widely�On the nature and pressure, gasifying agent used

�The way by which contact between gas & solid

�The way heat produced and transferred

�The mineral removed as dry ash or slag

• Type of reactor used in surface gasification:– Moving bed or counter current flow reactors

– Fluidized bed or back mix reactors.

– Entrained bed or plug flow reactors.

BASIC GASIFIER CRITERIA OF THE REACTOR USED

• Moving bed (also called fixed bed) gasifiers, in which gases flow relatively slowly upward through the bed of coal feed. Both concurrent and counter current technologies are available but the latter is more common.

• Fluidized bed gasifiers, in which coal particles are suspended in the gas flow; coal feed particles are mixed with the particles undergoing gasification.

• Entrained flow gasifiers, in which pulverized coal particles and gases flow concurrently at high speed. They are the most commonly used gasifiers for coal gasification

SCHEMATIC OF UPDRAFT GASIFIER

SKIP CHARGER

REFRACTORY

WORKING PLATFORMS

WATER JACKET STRUCTURE

AIR/AIR+STEAM LINE

AIR BLOWER

FLAP DOORBUNKER

CUP & CONE

GAS OUTLET

PRODUCER GAS

CYCLONE

GRATE

WATER SEAL PAN

DRIVE FOR GRATE

GASIFIER MAIN

REACTOR

SHELL

It indicate that, reviewer 3 is not aware of coal gasification.

Destec Entrained Bed Gasifier:

Texaco Entrained Bed Gasifier.

Fluidized Bed Gasifier

Factors Affecting Gasifier selection:Factors Affecting Gasifier selection:

�The Design and operation of advanced coal gasification plant aredependent on detailed understanding of coal gasification processes.

�This understanding is encapsulated in mathematical models that are used to predict process performance from coal properties and process conditions.

�Accuracy of these models is critically dependent on estimates ofchemical kinetics and rates of diffusion of reactants to, and product from, the internal as well as external surface characteristic of the coal.

�Therefore, it is imperative to know about the properties of the properties of the feedstock, particularly its heating values, porosity, reactivityfeedstock, particularly its heating values, porosity, reactivity, proximate , proximate and ultimate analysis prior toand ultimate analysis prior to gasifiers selection.

��Systematically work related to all these aspects we have startedSystematically work related to all these aspects we have started..

Methodology for measuring reactivity of coal/lignite char and the steps of Reaction:

⇒Thermo gravimetric Analysis and its Derivative

⇒Drop Tube Reactor

⇒TPO- TPD TechniquesGasification of Coal consists of two major reaction s:i. Pyrolysis ii) Gasification of Char.

»Reaction rate depends on Char gasification since it is slower than the devolatilization.

�In studying the relative reactivity of carbon, it is quite inappropriate at the fundamental level, to express rate of

reaction only in units of reciprocal of time.

�It only indicates the relative rate of gasification at bulk carbon materials.

�But for the studies of fundamental of oxidation pro cess, in which the structure of carbon surface are being compared then not equal

mass but equal accessibility of the surface has to be the normalizing factors .

��The unit of comparison should be gram adsorbed or The unit of comparison should be gram adsorbed or lost per sq. meter surface area per unit time, may be the lost per sq. meter surface area per unit time, may be the unit of reactivity.unit of reactivity.

��Therefore, the surface characterization is an Therefore, the surface characterization is an important parameter in the study of carbon reactivi tyimportant parameter in the study of carbon reactivi ty ..

��Adsorption of nitrogen at 77K and Adsorption of nitrogen at 77K and carbon dioxide at carbon dioxide at 195K or 273K195K or 273K are usedare used for surface area measurement.for surface area measurement.Surface area determination is a complex problem as it is Surface area determination is a complex problem as it is

not directly measured and also the physical properties are not directly measured and also the physical properties are different in different methods. different in different methods.

��A scientist has to decide the proper adsorbent, which A scientist has to decide the proper adsorbent, which most closely approximate to the SA available to the reaction most closely approximate to the SA available to the reaction conditioncondition

��The consciousness in literature feels direct proportionality The consciousness in literature feels direct proportionality between reactivity of carbon and concentration of active site between reactivity of carbon and concentration of active site (C(CTT) for carbon. It also provides method for SA ) for carbon. It also provides method for SA measurements, in the form of active surface area (ASA) measurements, in the form of active surface area (ASA) and usually being determined using oxygen chemisorptions.and usually being determined using oxygen chemisorptions.

��In the char gasification process, char reacts with gasifying In the char gasification process, char reacts with gasifying agents to produce a combustible gas.agents to produce a combustible gas.

�� During gasification the surface area of gasified ch ar During gasification the surface area of gasified ch ar increases rapidly with the process of gasification.increases rapidly with the process of gasification.

�� Further to study reaction model with respect to cha nge in Further to study reaction model with respect to cha nge in specific surface area of char grain model and a ran dom pore specific surface area of char grain model and a ran dom pore model, are used for gas and solid reaction.model, are used for gas and solid reaction.

�� The grain model assumes that char particles are The grain model assumes that char particles are agglomeration of small grains, each of which follow s the agglomeration of small grains, each of which follow s the unburned core model. unburned core model.

��The following equation is used to calculate specific surface areThe following equation is used to calculate specific surface area a at different stage of gasification :at different stage of gasification :

S= So (1S= So (1--X)2/3 X)2/3

Where S0 is initial specific area and X is conversion ratio of cWhere S0 is initial specific area and X is conversion ratio of charhar

1.1. In random pore model cylindrical pores of uneven diameter are In random pore model cylindrical pores of uneven diameter are assumed and their internal surface area eroded with progress of assumed and their internal surface area eroded with progress of reaction and eventually merge together. SA according to this modreaction and eventually merge together. SA according to this model is el is denoted asdenoted as followfollows :s :S=So (1S=So (1--X) {1X) {1--ΨΨln (1ln (1--X)}1/2)X)}1/2)

Where Where ΨΨ is a dimensionless parameter indicating the initial pore is a dimensionless parameter indicating the initial pore structure and calculated using pore length (L0) and porosity (structure and calculated using pore length (L0) and porosity (εε0) per 0) per unit volume of the solid: unit volume of the solid:

ΨΨ= 4= 4ππLo(1Lo(1--εεo)/ So2o)/ So2

1.1. To compare model based calculation results to overtime conversioTo compare model based calculation results to overtime conversion n ratio and reaction rate easier to make detail observation of rearatio and reaction rate easier to make detail observation of reaction ction rate using high pressure TGA and should be verified by P.D.T.F.rate using high pressure TGA and should be verified by P.D.T.F.

2.2. The rate equation will be denoted as follows: The rate equation will be denoted as follows: dx/dt = Kp (1dx/dt = Kp (1--X){(1X){(1--ΨΨln (1ln (1--X)}X)}1/21/2

3.3. Different element has been modeled for GCV, Density, Coal Different element has been modeled for GCV, Density, Coal classification, Gas production in Fluidized bed gasification andclassification, Gas production in Fluidized bed gasification andcorrelations of reactivity etc. Concept ANN.(Published FUELcorrelations of reactivity etc. Concept ANN.(Published FUEL--London.)London.)

H2:CO

1:1

H2:CO

1:2

H2:CO

3:1

H2:N2

3:1

H2:CO

2:1

Ammonia

Methanol

IGCC

Fuel Cell

Oxoalcohols

Hydrocarbons

Methane(SNG)

Fuel GasReducing gas

CO

–S

hift

Con

vers

ion

Syn

thes

is

Coal Gasification

O2 or Air

Steam

Low CVGas

Medium CV Gas

COAL GASIFICATION PROCESSES ACCORDING TO

SUITABILITY FOR END PRODUCTS.

SOLID FUEL TO FURNACE OIL CONVERSION RATIOS

Calorific Value of Solid Fuel Quantity of Solid Fue l Required(kcal/kg) to Substitute 1 litre FO (kg)3000 4.5

3500 3.9

4000 3.4

4500 3.1

5000 2.7

5500 2.5

6000 2.3

6500 2.1

WHAT IS GASIFICATION ?

GASIFIER(Partial Oxidation Process)

Solid Fuel

Air/oxygen,

Steam

Ash/slag

Gaseous Fuel

� Solid fuel converted into clean combustible gas by partial oxidation process.

� Gasifiers are available, which can accept woody bio mass, rice husk, agricultural residues and coal as input fuel.

� Composition of gas: CO:10-20%, H 2:10-20% Hydrocarbons: 1-6 %, CO2: 6-12 %, N2: 45-55 % (for air gasification)

� Feasibility study for coal gasification and its uti lization in industries; Adani Energy, Ahmadabad.

� Development of Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasifier: for study ofagglomeration formation of high ash Indian coals, g eneration of data on gasification for different Indian coals

�Development of Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier

� Preparation of feed for co-firing system and feed p reparation according to need of gasifier.

� Modeling and design for scale up studies and assess ment of the properties of feed material

� Application of gasification to environmental accept ability. Therefore, a planned effort to promote and implement clean coal technology, in India.

Gasification of Carbon for Mechanistic modelGasification with Steam:C + H2O ↔ CO +H2, ∆H = 118.9KJ/moleC ( ) + H2O ↔ C(O) + H2Gasification with CO2:C + CO2 ↔ 2CO, ∆H = 159.7KJ/moleC( ) + CO2 ↔ C(O) + CO Gasification with O2:C + 1/2 O2 ↔ CO, ∆H = 123.1KJ/mole C( ) +1/2 O2 ↔ C(O)C(O) ↔C( ) + COIn all the models oxy-carbon complex formation step is the rate determining step.

MULTI-FUEL GASIFIERS : FEATURES

� Convert coal, wood or briquettes of agro residues i nto producer gas� Coal of any grade acceptable � Fuel size according to gasifier� No change in gasifier required while switching the feed.�Substitute FO, LDO, Diesel or LPG in furnaces� 75-85% conversion efficiency� Substantial savings-payback normally less than one year�2.2-4.2 kg. Coal (depending upon grade or 3.5-4.0 k g dry wood can substitute 1 litre of FO/LDO/Diesel

WHAT ARE THE GLOBAL PROVEN GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIE S?

BG/L(>2000)

1.8 m Dia. & 2.5 MPa pressure

Moving Slagging dry B,SB 88 5-50

HTW(<1000) Fluidized dry dry Lig 85 <6

U-GAS(950-1090)

Fluidized agglomerating

dry B,SB 69.6 <6

KRW(870-1040)

Fluidized agglomerating

dry B,SB 80.8 <5

TEXACO(1260-1540)

Entrain Slagging slurry B 74.3 <0.5

DOW(1320) Entrain Slagging slurry SB,Lig 77 NA

SHELL(2000) Entrain Slagging dry B,Lig 81 <0.1

OPRENFL(1500-2000)

Entrain Slagging dry B,SB,Lig 79.6 <0.1

Gafier/(Temp.) Bed type Ash FEED Fuel Cold gas efficiency

Size,mm

UPDRAFT GASIFICATION

Oxidation Zone:�Above the grate, oxygen in air reacts with carbon:

C + O2 ------> CO2 + heat

�Also, the steam, which enters the reactor along wit h air, reacts with carbon to produce CO & H 2 :

C + H2O + heat ----------- CO + H2 (1000-1200 0C)Reduction Zone�CO2, coming from oxidation zone, reacts at the hot car bon surface:C + CO2 + heat -------- 2CO

�Steam (H 2O), which escapes un-reacted from the oxidation zon e, reacts here with carbon:C + H2O + heat -------- CO + H 2 (600-1100 0C)

Pyrolysis Zone: 150-600 0C, volatile matter of fuel is liberated.

Drying Zone: Moisture in the fuel is liberate d.

CIMFR RIG

120 deg.

120 deg.

60 deg.

60 deg.

Coal Feeding

Coal Feeding

Conveying Air

Flu

idiz

ed

be

d h

eig

ht

60

cm

55

40

20

TW1

TW2

TW3

1/3R

R

2/3R

Air + steam

Modified locations of feeding

point & thermo wells

( by CIMFR, Dhanbad)

Modified FBG(1 Ton/hr)

NOVEL UPDRAFT GASIFIER FOR INDIAN COALS

COAL LOCK

ASH LOCK

COAL

AIR & STEAM

WASH COOLER

COAL DISTRIBUTOR

BURNER for

COKE/ Biomass

CHARGING

ROTATING GRATE

ASH

CRUDE GAS

SCEMATIC DIAGRAM OF GASIFIER SYSTEM

BURNER for

COKE/Biomass

CHARGING

PROPOSED

Basic Points if considered in the proposal

�What are the major challenge/gaps in exiting technology?

�Which technology is advantageous for high ash coal coal?

�What are the biggest operational difficulties?

�What are reasons for present proposed technology?

�Who is the preferred technology provider?

� ECONOMICS OF GASIFIER INSTALLATION

� The landed price of solid fuel, in equivalent energ y terms (say in Rs. Per 1000 kcal) varies greatly over different pa rts of the country(INDIA). Some indicative examples are in the following Table:

� Fuel/Location Calorific Value Landed Price Price in R s./1000� (kcal/kg) (Rs./ton) kcal

� D-grade coal in 3700 2000 0.541

� Central India

� B-grade coal in 5500 3900 0.709

� North India

� Biomass in 3500 1500 0.430

SHORTFALLS IN DESIGN OF PRODUCER GAS:

• Condensation of tar – vapors and other volatiles.

• Consistency in gas quality

• Frequent interruption due to choking operation.

• It can perform better with high-grade coal and low ash content that is rarely available in the country.

• As a result of condensation and de tarring and unpr oductive generation of soot, the gas make as well as calorif ic value and also thermal efficiencies become poorer.

• Gases are not pollution free which is a serious dra w back.

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:

�There is no indigenous technology available easily based on Indian coal for gaseous fuel production, which could be as controllable and thermally efficient and also economically compatible as liquid fuel.

�New Generation Producer Gas plant to produce gaseous fuel comesin new out late through recent generation up-gradation as follow:

� High tech Shaft and Top-off take, Rotary Grate by improvement in technology etc.

�Changing co-firing system with two-stage gasifiers.

�Increasing heating value through better gasification reactivity etc

� Better heat utilizing system

�Gas cleaning

Cyclone,Set

of Scrubbers

& ETP

Hot gas

from

gasifier

Syngas Cleaning Setup

State State ––ofof--Art Art --Gas CleaningGas Cleaning

�Quality requirement for power generation

�Sampling methods for analysis

�Wet and dry gas cleaning system to be used

�Particulates matter and phenolic components

�Organic contaminants (tar) level

�Limitation of cyclones, wash towers , fabric filter, sand bed

filter, swirl scrubbers and wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP)

�Self designed fixed bed absorber for tar removal in fixed bed

Proposed Plan partner(New Proposal for consideration- Public-Private Partnership)

� UNECE to coordinate the program

� India Ind. Enterprise Kolkata & from others forum member

� Indian & UNECE consultants to support the program

� Funding methodology

� High ash content in the coal need special attention in its

application. Currently its production increased significantly and

it affects not only efficiencies in power plant application but

also is matter of concern to environmental acceptability.

Specially cheap gas cleaning system developments are required

for small/medium user industries. The application of pet-

coke/bio mass/petroleum reside to a high ash or low calorific

value coal to combustion and gasification makes process

environmentally acceptable and economically feasible. Thus

novel gasifier design is required/proposed.

CONCLUSIONS :CONCLUSIONS :

What do we have to loose?

bk49india@yahoo.com,