Opportunities and Opportunities and Challenges in Biotechnology Challenges in Biotechnology

Development in MongoliaDevelopment in Mongolia

B. DashnyamB. Dashnyam

Top Science and TechnologyTop Science and Technology

DNARNA

ProteinN

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echnol

ogy

Information technology

Bio

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What is Biotechnology?What is Biotechnology?

Biotechnology can be broadly defined as Biotechnology can be broadly defined as "using living organisms or their products "using living organisms or their products for commercial purposes.”for commercial purposes.”

Modern biotechnology - is the application Modern biotechnology - is the application of living organisms or their products, of living organisms or their products, which involves the deliberate manipulation which involves the deliberate manipulation of their DNA molecules.of their DNA molecules.

And many analysts expect the And many analysts expect the biotechnology industry will grow 40-50% biotechnology industry will grow 40-50% each year. each year.

Main division of biotechnologyMain division of biotechnology

Application of biotechnologyApplication of biotechnology• Pharmaceutical biotechnologyPharmaceutical biotechnology• Agricultural and food biotechnologyAgricultural and food biotechnology• Environmental biotechnologyEnvironmental biotechnology• Industrial BiotechnologyIndustrial Biotechnology

Scientific and methodical base of Scientific and methodical base of modern biotechnology:modern biotechnology:• Molecular biologyMolecular biology• Genetic engineering Genetic engineering

Biotechnology related sciencesBiotechnology related sciences

Biotechnology

Immunology

Biophysics

Technicalscience

Microbiology

Biochemistry

Molecularbiology Geology Ecology

Genetics

PERIODS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN MONGOLIA – Биотехнологийн хөгжлийн үе шат

Periods of Biotechnology Development

In developed countries

Хөгжсөн орнуудад

In Mongolia

Монголд

Early /Ancient/

traditional

biotechnology

Several thousands years ago: making yogurt, cheese, baking bread, brewing alcoholic beverage, breeding food crops or domestic animals

Several thousands years ago: making yogurt, cheese, baking bread, brewing alcoholic beverage, fermented horse milk (airag), breeding food crops or domestic animals

Intermediate biotechnology

1940s: antibiotic production, start of industrial microbiology, , animal vaccine and diagnostic production

1970s: antibiotic production, animal vaccine and diagnostic production (Biokombinat)

Modern / new biotechnology

Mid-1970s: genetic engineering, hybridoma technology, embryo transfer, enzyme immobilization

Late 1980s: genetic engineering, hybridoma technology, embryo transfer

Cloning animals, genomics, bioinformatics

1990s: successful, regulations needed

none

National Policy of BiotechnologyNational Policy of Biotechnologyin Mongoliain Mongolia

1986 – The first “Conception of Research 1986 – The first “Conception of Research and Production Development of and Production Development of Biotechnology until 2000 in Mongolia”Biotechnology until 2000 in Mongolia”• animal vaccine and diagnostic production• media, buffer, reagent, and solution media, buffer, reagent, and solution

preparationpreparation• animal embryo transferanimal embryo transfer• cell and tissue culturecell and tissue culture• production of nitrogenous bacterial manureproduction of nitrogenous bacterial manure

National Policy of BiotechnologyNational Policy of Biotechnologyin Mongoliain Mongolia

1991- First national “Biotechnology” 1991- First national “Biotechnology” programprogram

1992- 30 biotechnology project were 1992- 30 biotechnology project were executed by 20 different institutes and executed by 20 different institutes and companiescompanies. . Total production came up Total production came up to 1600 million to 1600 million ₮₮ in every year. in every year.

1998- Second national 1998- Second national “Biotechnology” program “Biotechnology” program

1999- 2004 more than 30 project were 1999- 2004 more than 30 project were executed.executed.

Challenges Challenges

Recent years in Mongolia are growing Recent years in Mongolia are growing number of biotechnology-based or number of biotechnology-based or biotechnology-linked companies.biotechnology-linked companies.

Mongolia need for a facility dedicated Mongolia need for a facility dedicated exclusively to biotechnology research exclusively to biotechnology research and development, which would help and development, which would help commercialize laboratory discoveries commercialize laboratory discoveries and technologies.and technologies.

Reorganization of MBA-NGO.Reorganization of MBA-NGO.

Thanks for attention!Thanks for attention!